Value Framework Research Articles

Challenges in Value Assessment for One-Time Gene Therapies for Inherited Retinal Diseases: Are We Turning a Blind Eye?

ObjectivesX-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a rare inherited retinal disease with no available treatment. Gene therapies in clinical trials will pose challenges for health technology assessment (HTA) if found to be safe and effective. We evaluated 2 of these challenges, namely acceptability and difficulties in assessing value beyond short-term patient health and healthcare savings and discounting in economic evaluation. MethodsWe conducted a narrative literature review on the socioeconomic burden of XLRP to identify relevant components of value for a hypothetical gene therapy from a societal perspective and to assess their relative importance. We compared the resulting value profile against the value frameworks of three European HTA agencies. We also reviewed their guidelines on discounting and potential discounting issues specific to XLRP. ResultsMuch of the societal value of an XLRP gene therapy is likely to originate from productivity effects, carer spillovers, and value elements related to patient uncertainty. The evidence on these effects, however, is often limited, making it difficult for HTA agencies to assess them. Cost-effectiveness results are likely to be highly sensitive to the discount rate, and discounting will compound the effects of omitting important sources of value. ConclusionsWe have identified and detailed important components of societal value, key evidence gaps, and potential discounting issues for an XLRP gene therapy, which can inform future value assessments. Many of these may apply to gene therapies in other disease areas. Revisiting existing HTA approaches is recommended to ensure these are fit for purpose for such new classes of treatment.

EQUAL STATUS BEFORE THE LAW BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN SOCIETY, NATION AND STATE

The utilization of the Nagari Customary Court is actually important because it is needed by the customary law community. In fact, it is the customary law community that knows and understands the historical aspects and the ins and outs of the lineage, environment and local culture. Therefore, this research seeks to find an optimal model of utilization of the Nagari Customary Court. How is equal status before the law by indigenous peoples in order to improve the quality of life in society, nation and state. This research is a socio-legal research that uses a qualitative approach. The data used in the research are primary and secondary data. The data collection method is through literature study and interviews. Therefore, the articles of Pancasila that regulate equal rights and justice also apply to indigenous peoples, and must also be perceived through philosophical, juridical and sociological perspectives. Indigenous Peoples according to Jawahir Thontowi is a group of citizens who have genealogical ancestors in common, live in a place, have a common goal of living within the framework of values and norms, still enforce a binding Adat system, led by the head of Adat, coordinate the administration of power and the existence of dispute resolution institutions in the community.

Tobin’s q Revisited: A Theoretical and Empirical Framework for Accurate Business Valuation.

Objective - This study revisits Tobin’s q by offering a theoretically derived empirical model based on the Ohlson framework, aiming to correct the misapplications found in existing literature. Methodology/Technique – While Tobin’s q has been extensively used as a measure of firm value, the traditional empirical models often assume a linear relationship with variables such as growth, leverage, and profitability. Finding – This paper demonstrates that even in a basic model, such as the Gordon growth model, this linearity does not hold. In fact, this paper shows that a linear relationship will hold only under restricted conditions and only with certain explanatory variables. Novelty – By introducing a theoretically sound equation for Tobin’s q, this study highlights the limitations of current empirical methods and provides a new perspective for firm valuation research. The results contribute significantly to improving the accuracy of business valuation models, particularly in settings with varying capital structures and market dynamics. Type of Paper: Theoretical JEL Classification: G12, G19. Keywords: Tobin’s q; Ohlson model; Firm value; Valuation Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Tharavanij, P. (2024). Tobin’s q Revisited: A Theoretical and Empirical Framework for Accurate Business Valuation, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 12(3), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2024.12.3(3)

Exploring the nexus of organisational culture and sustainability for green innovation

ABSTRACT Organisations have embraced green innovation, but the desired environmental impacts remain unrealised. We approach this problem by focusing on how a driver of green innovation, sustainability, relates to organisational culture. Prior research suggests that understanding culture is fundamental to managing sustainability, but empirical research relating the two concepts is lacking. Global Reporting Initiative documents and annual reports to shareholders from 197 organisations were examined via content analysis to measure their sustainability strength with the Stages of Sustainability model and to quantify their organisational culture profiles on the Competing Value Framework. Expectedly, organisations oriented towards Hierarchy, and Market typologies were purveyors of weak sustainability. Unexpectedly, Clan organisations were found to reduce weak sustainability while Adhocracy types had no significant effect on sustainability strength. These findings result in implications for shifting organisational culture for strong sustainability. This knowledge can be leveraged in future research to cultivate impactful green innovation.

Modeling market value of land plots using GIS

This work examines the regulatory framework for expert monetary valuation of land plots. Scientific research on the development and improvement of economic-statistical methods for mass monetary valuation of land plots is analyzed. The peculiarities and advantages of using GIS in the valuation procedure are considered. A structure of the valuation database is developed for the effective selection of comparable plots during valuation by comparing sales prices and market analysis. The valuation database is formed based on data on land plot sales. Price formation factors are analyzed in order to construct an economic-statistical model of market value for land plots in Rivne. Scales of indicator values are proposed for formalizing the assessment of price formation factors. Functions of the ArcGIS are used to establish indicator values. The market value of land plots is modeled using multiple regression analysis. Additionally, a surface of land plot values is constructed, which serves to determine the approximate market value. The model has been verified using GIS tools. An accuracy assessment of the developed model has been carried out.

Transforming luxury: young consumers' motivations towards purchasing virtual luxury non-fungible token wearables

PurposeThis study explores young consumers' motivations for purchasing Virtual Luxury Non-Fungible Token Wearables (VL-NFTs) from luxury brands, which are virtually crafted luxury wearables minted as blockchain-based NFTs. Specifically, it investigates the relationships among consumers' perceived value of VL-NFTs, engagement with NFTs and purchase intention and the mediating effect of consumer engagement with NFTs.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via an online survey of 504 young US consumers who had previously considered purchasing luxury fashion products and NFTs. Structural equation modelling was adopted for analysis.FindingsPerceived economic, functional (uniqueness) and experiential (self-directed pleasure and affiliation) values of VL-NFTs directly influenced consumers' purchase intention. While symbolic value (self-presentation and conspicuousness) did not significantly influence purchase intention, it facilitated consumer engagement with NFTs. Moreover, consumer engagement mediated the relationship between economic and functional values and purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was only comprised of young consumers, limiting the generalizability. Additionally, consumers may perceive VL-NFTs differently because of differences in past experiences and the varying VL-NFT types, necessitating further investigation on consumers' motivations across different types of VL-NFTs.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by examining the importance of multifaceted perceived-value dimensions and engagement with NFTs in consumers' motivation for purchasing VL-NFTs through the lens of the customer value framework.

What matters in acute care? Values and decision making in the acute medical unit

An acute medical unit (AMU) requires a broad range of decisions to be made under time pressure, where consensus is not always easily attainable. In such circumstances, having a clear and workable framework of values is of heightened importance in order to judge what course of action is best. Within the NHS, a multi-value framework and a single-value framework have both been proposed in the last 10 years. However, it remains unclear what values currently guide the work of an AMU. Data from a 16-month ward-based ethnography in an AMU in the north of England, supported by 27 semi-structured interviews, were analysed thematically in order to characterise a framework of values in decision making. Within an AMU, people figure out what is best according to three values simultaneously: welfare, choice and effectiveness. These values operate as an irreducible triad, with implications for holism and realism in healthcare.

Core values and competencies of public health nurses: A Delphi survey

Objectives This study aimed to clarify the core values and competencies of public health nurses (PHNs) who contribute to improve health issues in transitioning societies, based on a consensus among PHN-related organizations, including practitioners and education researchers.Methods A draft defining the core values and competencies of PHNs was developed through five consultation sessions with 20 executives and nominees of organizations in each area of PHN practice, education, and research to collect, categorize, and refine the items. The expert panel comprised 534 nominees from six PHN-related organizations, and three rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted. The consensus criteria were ≥70% for agreement and ≥80% for firm agreement.Results In the first round, 272 expert panel nominees (50.9%) responded, and 217 responded in all rounds. The draft was revised based on the feedback from each round. By round 3, >90% agreed on the core value and competency frameworks and definitions.Conclusion The Delphi survey revealed the three core value frameworks and definitions of "social justice in health," "human rights and autonomy," and "health and safety" and eight core competencies of "professional autonomy and responsibility," "scientific research and use of information science and technology," "population-based assessment and analysis," "practices for health enhancement and prevention," "building systems to improve public health," "management of healthy community development," "person/community-centered collaboration and cooperation," and "communication for consensus and solutions," with a firm agreement. Eventually, these frameworks would be the bases for creating national standards of practice, education, and research to satisfy the consensus levels of PHNs and PHN-related organizations.

Global perspectives on redefining workplace presence: the impact of remote work on organizational culture

Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of remote work on organizational culture, focusing on redefining workplace presence during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines changes in communication patterns, employee engagement and leadership practices, offering insights into how organizations can adapt their cultural frameworks for a remote or hybrid workforce. Design/methodology/approach Using a conceptual approach, this paper draws on existing literature, theories and case studies to analyze the implications of remote work for organizational culture. It examines the practical applications of theoretical frameworks such as Kotter's 8-Step Change Model, the Competing Values Framework, Social Exchange Theory, Role Theory, Self-Determination Theory and Equity Theory. Findings The findings indicate that the transition to remote work necessitates changes in communication patterns, collaboration, employee engagement and the sense of belonging. It also highlights the critical role of leadership in fostering a positive remote work culture, requiring organizations to adapt to a paradigm where presence is measured by engagement and productivity rather than physical visibility. Originality/value This paper contributes to understanding the impact of remote work on organizational culture by integrating various theoretical frameworks and providing practical implications for managing remote work environments. It comprehensively analyzes the challenges and opportunities the shift to remote work presents and provides recommendations for organizations to navigate this transition successfully.

Narrative review of value frameworks in urothelial carcinoma and positioning of enfortumab vedotin

Aims Evaluate existing oncology value frameworks in terms of their methodology, structure, characteristics, and functionality using the example of enfortumab vedotin, an approved therapy for urothelial carcinoma. Methods A search of PubMed, grey literature, and official websites of relevant international organizations was performed from January 2022 to March 2023. Results Six frameworks were identified and analyzed, including the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s assessment framework, European Society for Medical Oncology’s Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s Evidence Blocks, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center’s DrugAbacus, Institute for Clinical and Economic Review’s assessment framework, and the Drug Assessment Framework. Comparisons across frameworks were challenging, owing to differing approaches, objectives, perspectives, methodology, and criteria. Based on the results of the EV-301 study (NCT03474107), the European Society for Medical Oncology’s Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale assigned a score of 4 out of 5 to enfortumab vedotin administered after chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s Evidence Blocks enabled assessment of enfortumab vedotin compared with other treatments for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, resulting in the positioning of enfortumab vedotin as a preferred regimen after chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Conclusions Application of value frameworks in oncology can contribute to informed value-based decision-making. However, comparisons across frameworks should be made with caution and limited to the same lines of treatment. Enfortumab vedotin may contribute to optimizing outcomes in patients previously treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Reconsidering Disaster Management in Terms of New Public Service Approach

Public service refers to services carried out directly by the state or institutions under the control of the state. The state provides public services through public administration. Therefore, public administration has a primary role in the production of public services. The needs of citizens constitute the essence of public services and indicate the nature of the services to be provided by the public administration. The dynamic nature of citizens needs has caused the services offered by public administration to change and diversify over time. Public administration has adopted different service delivery approaches throughout history in order to meet the needs of citizens effectively and efficiently. This situation has brought about the emergence of different management paradigms in public administration. Every paradigm change in public administration is effective in the production of public services and brings about a transformation. The relevant change also applies to disaster and disaster management. Because disaster-related services are services that directly concern citizens and are public services. Therefore, it can be stated that all services provided by public administration regarding disasters are affected by the paradigm transformations. The New Public Service approach, which has become effective in public administration in recent years, emerged as a result of the paradigm shifts experienced by public administration. The New Public Service approach has an impact on the logic of providing public services with principles such as adopting active participation based on democracy, emphasizing a strong citizenship instead of the concept of customer, adopting the public interest as the basic principle, emphasizing a heavy responsibility for public services and attributing a superior value to people. This study, conducted in the light of this information, focuses on the possible effects of the New Public Service approach on disaster management. In the study, disaster management is rethought within the framework of the core values of the New Public Service approach and its role in successful disaster management is discussed.

On the Issue of Assigning Dynamic Characteristics of Engineering Equipment in Designing of High-Precision Production

This paper provides a review of the regulatory framework of the permissible value of the vibration level depending on the accuracy of the equipment, a review of the problem of the influence of vibration on the operation of high-precision equipment. Based on the results of the analysis of the identified problem, a lack of initial data from manufacturers of vibration sources in terms of vibration characteristics was identified, and a solution was proposed to obtain the necessary parameters for frequency analysis.

Development of stakeholder-informed recommendations for inclusion of family spillover effects in health technology assessment.

The impacts of disease and treatment on a patient's family members and informal caregivers are known as "family spillover effects." Although many formal value frameworks call for the consideration of these effects, they are often not included in health technology assessments (HTAs) and cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs). A formal evaluation of stakeholder perspectives may help address the disconnect for inclusion of family spillover effects observed in practice. To develop stakeholder-driven recommendations for the measurement and use of family spillover effects in the United States and to identify research opportunities. We first conducted a targeted literature review of US-based CEAs and HTA reports from the past 10 years to assess the current use of family spillover effects. We then used a purposeful sampling technique to conduct 25 qualitative interviews with outcomes researchers, patient advocates, health economists, and health policy and payer experts to gather perspectives on when and how family spillover effects should be considered in HTA processes. We conducted a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts to identify key themes and develop preliminary recommendations. Finally, we conducted an online workshop with 8 stakeholders to discuss, rate, and refine preliminary recommendations to develop final recommendations. A key theme identified in the stakeholder interviews was the role that data availability, analyst preferences, and prior precedence play in limiting the inclusion of spillover effects in HTAs. Additional themes included support for the inclusion of both qualitative and quantitative spillover effects and the need to capture broad and diverse impacts across populations. We developed 15 recommendations from the consensus building workshop addressing measurement, CEA modeling, and HTA processes. Key recommendations included (1) a transparent process for deciding when family spillover effects should be included, (2) measurement of direct and indirect costs with priority based on the magnitude of impact, (3) the use of validated measures, (4) the use of proxy information and expert elicitation when quality data are unavailable, and (5) the use of a modified impact inventory table for transparency of included effects. Research opportunities included patient involvement in family spillover effect research and HTAs, mapping algorithms and non-preference-based caregiver measures to generate utilities, and consensus best practices for modeling. The inconsistent inclusion of family spillover effects in HTAs and CEAs remains a persistent challenge. The stakeholder-driven recommendations and research opportunities identified in this study may help improve the transparency, measurement, and use of family spillover effects in assessing the clinical and economic value of novel medical technologies.

Do Generative Artificial Intelligence Company Strategies of ‘Moving Fast and Breaking Things’ in Civil Society Cancel Their Social Licence to Operate? A Nurse’s Evaluation of Chatbot Impacts

A rapid expansion of the computer technology industry, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence, has ignited a global concern that warrants our immediate action. As nurses, our professional values frameworks compel us to protect public health and address national and global health issues. When industry activities adversely affect the social wellbeing of civil society and social institutions, it is important to evaluate them against their industry’s ‘social license to operate, which is a measure of public trust, credibility, and the legitimacy of their industrial and corporate citizenship status. The central question is, do computer technology companies continue to have a social license to operate in civil society? Nurses are encouraged to evaluate the computer technology industry’s recent ‘generative artificial intelligence’ chatbot activities against its tacit undertaking to be good corporate citizens in return for social acceptance of their operations and behaviour. An evidence-based overview of chatbot impacts on societies, environmental sustainability and human rights provide a basis for evaluation. Basic computer technology terminology and relevant concepts are explained. This article is a direct call to action for clinical nurses and those involved in research, education, management, and policy. We have a duty to critically assess the claims made by chatbot technology vendors in both practice and social contexts. If these vendors integrate chatbot technologies with existing machine learning used in nursing and healthcare technologies it could result in detrimental effects beyond user control. By influencing decisions on technology adoption, we can ensure the implementation of safeguards, protect patient safety and social well-being, and uphold the integrity of nursing values. A closing discussion of impacts of computer industry trust deficits on healthcare and research reflects the author’s concerns and conclusions about the central question. Readers may draw other conclusions and perhaps use the issues and evidence presented here to stimulate further investigations.

States Demonstrating the Business Case for Multisector Efforts: An Emerging Value Framework

States Demonstrating the Business Case for Multisector Efforts: An Emerging Value Framework

States Demonstrating the Business Case for Multisector Efforts: An Emerging Value Framework

States Demonstrating the Business Case for Multisector Efforts: An Emerging Value Framework

The impact of Project Management Offices on organizational performance: a comprehensive review of the literature

In today's dynamic environment, information technology (IT) stands as the cornerstone for organizational success and competitive advantage, with project management playing a crucial role in efficiently deploying IT resources. Recognized across diverse sectors like telecommunications, aerospace, and construction, Project Management Offices (PMOs) facilitate task organization and supervision, whether it is for IT product development, service improvement, system design, or implementing organizational changes. Despite extensive research on the positive impact of PMOs on organizational performance, a significant research gap exists due to the absence of a direct comparison between the influence of PMOs on IT and non-IT industries, indicating the necessity for further investigation in this domain. This study delves into the contribution of PMOs to organizational performance using the Competing Values Framework and evaluates five models and 17 performance metrics within the IT industry and across sectors. When comparing PMO performance, non-IT sectors precede interpersonal relationships, competency-based training, and workplace environment, whereas IT sectors emphasize the knowledge of PMO resource teams, efficient training, technology utilization, and collaboration for project success. Additionally, IT industries underline the role of technology in averting project management failures and prioritizing the punctual delivery of client requirements. These differences highlight the variations in PMO priorities between these industries, underscoring the significance of PMOs in enhancing organizational performance.

Corporate culture and carbon emissions

ABSTRACT The burning global concern about climate change and its adverse effects on all aspects of human life highlights the need for academic research on the factors that affect carbon emission – the major cause of climate change. In this study, we examine whether corporate culture matters in shaping a firm’s environmental responsibility, particularly corporate carbon strategies. Utilizing the Competing Value Framework to quantify corporate culture, we find that a one standard deviation shift towards Compete culture would result in a 13.6% decrease in firms’ CO2 emissions, whereas a one standard deviation shift towards Create culture is associated with a 9.5% increase in firms’ direct CO2 emissions but has no significant effect on total CO2 emissions. This impact is more pronounced for firms with higher growth, smaller size, firms in ‘dirty’ industries, firms facing no emission limit, or those in states that have low environmental performance. Our findings suggest the promotion of Compete culture across all firms as an effective strategy to curb carbon emissions.

How does organisational culture affect agile projects? A competing values framework perspective

Purpose The literature has not yet delved sufficiently deeper into the holistic relationship between organisational culture and agile project management. This paper aims to address this literature gap by delineating the specifics of why and how organisational culture affects agile project management. Design/methodology/approach This paper addresses this literature gap by conducting a systematic literature review of empirical research investigating how organisational culture affects agile project management. This paper draws on the competing values framework to explain how various dimensions of organisational culture influence the technical and social streams of agile project management. Findings The findings underscored the detrimental effects of hierarchical culture, characterised by rigid organisational structures, formal communication with management and resistance to change acceptance, on both the technical and social aspects of agile projects. In contrast, the positive impact of group culture on the social aspect was evident through employee empowerment and teamwork. Moreover, the rational culture dimension demonstrated favourable effects on both streams, emphasising market knowledge, financial development and business opportunities. Finally, the developmental culture dimension supported customer collaboration, knowledge sharing and innovation. Originality/value The focus on the “mutability” of organisational culture has led to four research propositions delineating specific ways of cultivating organisational culture to be more conducive to agile projects, marking a first in the academic literature.

The System of Social Sciences in the Context of Civilizational Approach: Formulating the Problem

In modern socio-humanitarian disciplines, the concept of a “system of social sciences” is absent. This concept existed in Soviet times and meant, among other things, the existence of a single conceptual social science apparatus and methodology. It is generally recognized that the interdisciplinary approach that replaced this system, which was recognized in our country after the collapse of the Soviet Union, is based on the difference in concepts, subjects and objects of research of the sciences of the entire socio-humanitarian block. At the same time, Russian social science practically does not pay attention to the theoretical and methodological relationship between the interdisciplinary approach and the concept of globalization, developed in Western science mainly in the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries and which came to our country in the post-Soviet period in many ways in a “ready-made” form. At the same time, those researchers who state such a relationship consider this circumstance as a virtue of an interdisciplinary approach. In the first part of this article, an attempt is made to analyze the impact of the concept of globalization, in particular, its characteristic denial of the values of national statehood, sovereignty, including cultural and historical, on the formation and general principles of an interdisciplinary approach. The second part examines modern concepts of Russia as a civilization, first of all, the concept of state-civilization, currently introduced in the “Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation” dated March 30, 2023 and “Fundamentals of state policy in the field of historical education” dated May 08, 2024, in the context of the advantages of the Soviet Union identified by the author the experience of the social sciences system. At the end of the article, proposals are made to combine some basic principles of Soviet social science with a modern civilizational approach in order to create a unified value framework for the disciplines of the socio-humanitarian block.