Professional Values Research Articles

Is palliative care a utopia for older patients with organ failure, dementia or frailty? A qualitative study through the prism of emergency department admission

BackgroundNearly three out of four older people will use the emergency department (ED) during their last year of life. However, most of them do not benefit from palliative care. Providing palliative care is a real challenge for ED clinicians who are trained in acute, life-saving medicine. Our aim is to understand the ED’s role in providing palliative care for this population.MethodsWe designed a qualitative study based on 1) interviews – conducted with older patients (≥ 75 years) with a palliative profile and their informal caregivers – and 2) focus groups – conducted with ED and primary care nurses and physicians. Palliative profiles were defined by the Supportive and Palliative Indicators tool (SPICT). Qualitative data was collected in French-speaking Belgium between July 2021 and July 2022. We used a constant inductive and comparative analysis.ResultsFive older patients with a palliative profile, four informal caregivers, 55 primary and ED caregivers participated in this study. A priori, the participants did not perceive any role for the ED in palliative care. In fact, there is widespread discomfort with caring for older patients and providing palliative care. This is explained by multiple areas of tensions. Palliative care is an approach fraught with pitfalls, i.e.: knowledge and know-how gaps, their implementation depends on patients’(co)morbidity profile and professional values, experiences and type of practice. In ED, there are constant tensions between emergency and palliative care requirements, i.e.: performance, clockwork and needs for standardised procedures versus relational care, time and diversity of palliative care projects. However, even though the ED’s role in palliative care is not recognised at first sight, we highlighted four roles assumed by ED caregivers: 1) Investigator, 2) Objectifier, 3) Palliative care provider, and 4) Decision-maker on the intensity of care. A common perception among participants was that ED caregivers can assist in the early identification of patients with a palliative profile.ConclusionsCurrently, there is widespread discomfort regarding ED caregivers caring for older patients and providing palliative care. Nonetheless, ED caregivers play four roles in palliative care for older patients. In the future, ED caregivers might also perform the role of early identifier.

Inspiring and Preparing Our Future Leaders: Evaluating the Impact of the Early Career Women's Leadership Program.

The number of women in high-level leadership in academic medicine remains disproportionately low. Early career programs may help increase women's representation in leadership. We evaluated the Early Career Women's Leadership Program (ECWLP). We hypothesized that participants would rate themselves as having increased confidence in their leadership potential, improved leadership skills, and greater alignment between their goals for well-being and leading after the program. We also explored the participants' aspirations and confidence around pursuing high-level leadership before and after the program. We surveyed women physicians and scientists before and after they participated in the 2023 ECWLP, consisting of 11 seminars over six months. We analyzed pre- and post-program data using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. We analyzed answers to open-ended questions with a content analysis approach. 47/51 (92%) participants responded, and 74% answered pre- and post-program questionnaires. Several metrics increased after the program, including women's confidence in their ability to lead (p<0.001), negotiate (p<0.001), articulate their career vision (p<0.001), reframe obstacles (p<0.001), challenge their assumptions (p<0.001), and align their personal and professional values (p=0.002). Perceptions of conflict between aspiring to lead and having family responsibilities (p=0.003) and achieving physical well-being (p=0.002) decreased. Perceived barriers to advancement included not being part of influential networks, a lack of transparency in leadership, and a competitive and individualistic culture. In the qualitative analysis, women described balancing internal factors such as self-doubt with external factors like competing professional demands when considering leadership. Many believed that becoming a leader would be detrimental to their well-being. Beneficial ECWLP components included support for self-reflection, tactical planning to pursue leadership, and creating a safe environment. The ECWLP improved women's confidence and strategic plans to pursue leadership in a way that supported their work-life integration. Early career leadership programs may encourage and prepare women for high-level leadership.

Forms, Formations, and Reforms

ABSTRACT Oral history release forms are critical for documenting narrator intentions around access to and use of interviews, a key component of ethically managing this document type. Unfortunately, repositories are full of interviews with missing or problematic releases. To explain this phenomenon, the author reviews historical archival and oral history literature to trace the development of release form conventions and the historical trends in practice that explain the current state of documentation in archives. Important trends in this trajectory include professionalization of oral history, decades of inconsistent application of best practices, siloed discourses of archivists and oral historians, institutional review boards, and changing access expectations in the age of the Internet. The author also assesses current positive professional trends to prevent future release form problems and analyzes release form scenarios that may remain stubbornly at the discretion of archivists’ professional judgment or values.

The morals that shape the news: A study of Aotearoa New Zealand’s newsrooms

This article explores the personal interpretation of the moral world Aotearoa New Zealand newsroom leaders are guided by when shaping the news, or, in other words, it poses the question: Do personal moral values play a role in Aotearoa New Zealand newsroom? In this study, we examine whether newsroom leaders view morals as a driver in news-shaping, or whether the news values of objectivity, accuracy and fairness prevail over personal morals when it comes to informing the news. The research was conducted by interviewing six newsroom leaders from different media companies in Aotearoa New Zealand and the interview data were analysed within the theoretical and philosophical framework adopted from Lakoff (2002). The research suggests that working professionals in the media industry were not able to discern where their morals ended and where the professional news values started. Furthermore, the interviewees affiliated with public service media responded that upholding moral values would not have a financial impact on the news media organisation, whereas those affiliated with private media responded that it would.

The morals that shape the news: A study of Aotearoa New Zealand’s newsrooms

This article explores the personal interpretation of the moral world Aotearoa New Zealand newsroom leaders are guided by when shaping the news, or, in other words, it poses the question: Do personal moral values play a role in Aotearoa New Zealand newsroom? In this study, we examine whether newsroom leaders view morals as a driver in news-shaping, or whether the news values of objectivity, accuracy and fairness prevail over personal morals when it comes to informing the news. The research was conducted by interviewing six newsroom leaders from different media companies in Aotearoa New Zealand and the interview data were analysed within the theoretical and philosophical framework adopted from Lakoff (2002). The research suggests that working professionals in the media industry were not able to discern where their morals ended and where the professional news values started. Furthermore, the interviewees affiliated with public service media responded that upholding moral values would not have a financial impact on the news media organisation, whereas those affiliated with private media responded that it would.

LIFESTYLE AS A CERTAIN WAY OF INTEGRATING NEEDS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

This article reveals the importance of protecting and promoting health, which mainly determines a person’s lifestyle. The author argues cultural valuesremain relatively stable, changing only during crisis periods in a person’s life and his social environment. About the need for the process of forming a personality, who would be able, based on his professional qualities, worldviews and value orientations, to actively participate in solving pressing problems of our social development.

Understanding person-centered care within a complex social context: A qualitative study of Saudi Arabian acute care nursing.

Policy reforms implemented in Saudi Arabia in recent years aim to modernize the culture and infrastructure of healthcare delivery and are expected to integrate person- and patient-centered care principles throughout the national healthcare system. However, in a complex multicultural environment where most nurses are international migrant workers, unique challenges emerge that frame the delivery of care. Better understanding is needed about what nurses perceive to be high-quality, person-centered care in Saudi Arabia and how they manage to enact it in practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, the capital city. Participants included Saudi citizens (n = 9) and expatriates (n = 12) who were asked to describe their perceptions of quality nursing care and explain the obstacles that they encounter in providing such care. Nurses reported extensive efforts to achieve individualized, empathetic, developmentally appropriate care. Their descriptions of care aligned with principles of patient-centeredness in care but were not separable from challenges at the patient, organizational, and regional levels, including staffing and supplies shortages, gaps in regional care coordination, inadequate language translation services, variability in cultural beliefs about healthcare communication, and overt discrimination against expatriate workers. Nurses reported creative strategies to achieve professional nursing values while navigating a dynamic landscape of constraints. The findings add to literature suggesting that person-centeredness in care cannot be understood outside the social and organizational conditions that shape it.

Description of Specialty Practice-10 Years Onward: The Changes in Geriatric Physical Therapy.

An analysis of practice is conducted by the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) every 10 years to revalidate, update, and revise the description of specialty practice (DSP) for each specialty. The Geriatric Specialty Council recently conducted an analysis of practice and revised its content consistent with established procedures by the ABPTS. The purpose of this article is threefold: first, to describe the process of the most recent practice analysis; second, to report revisions to the description of specialty practice based on the analysis of practice; and third, to identify elements of practice that define current specialist practice in geriatric physical therapy. A 10-member committee of subject matter experts (SMEs) and a psychometric consultant developed a survey instrument addressing geriatric physical therapy specialty practice areas. The survey was initially pilot-tested and subsequently administered online to a sample of 801 board-certified geriatric clinical specialists. The consultant facilitated the consensus process to determine decision rules in selecting the final competencies describing current geriatric physical therapy specialty practice. A total of 372 respondents fully or partially completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 46.4%. Based on a priori decision rules regarding survey data, consensus of the group of SMEs, and input from the ABPTS, the DSP for geriatric physical therapy specialty practice was revised. Revisions (elimination [-] of prior items and addition [+] of new items) were made in Section 1: Knowledge Areas (-8 and +6), in Section 2: Professional Roles, Responsibilities, and Values (-14 and +4), and Section 3: Practice Expectations (-53 and +28). The revised DSP will be used as the basis for the development of the examination blueprint for the specialist examination in geriatric physical therapy and the curricula for residency programs in geriatric physical therapy.

A Critical Analysis of Problems of Higher Education In Pakistan: An Analysis of Possible Solutions

It is the basic criteria to address the importance of skill development &amp; training in higher education, partly due to the increased focus on outcome assessment in academic programs for undergraduate programs at university of Sindh as data analyzed for 2021,2022 and 2023. Final Assessments When creating curriculum and evaluating their effectiveness promotes the focus of "ideal" or better values and skills of the higher education graduates. To put it over simplicity, the knowledge and skills that students are often expected to possess upon finishing their education are the main emphasis of outcome assessment. Any nation's political, social, and economic progress is based on its higher educational system. The country can accomplish its objectives when it has a functioning educational system. Being a developing nation, Pakistan has struggled with education from its founding, which has prevented the educational system from meeting the needs of the people. This scenario can be attributed to multiple sources. This research examines a few of the major issues that Pakistan's educational system has been beset with thus far. Based on a critical analysis of existing literature, the study offers answers to the current issues facing Pakistan's education system. The higher education graduates have traditionally been characterized as a terminal degree for professionals in the public and nonprofit sectors, with an emphasis on the professional values, practical knowledge, and skills requirement to thrive in public and nonprofit organizations and address the needs and interests of democratic societies.

An Exploratory Study on the Application and Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technology in China’s Film and Television Industry: Centered on the Innovation and Development Strategy of AI in Film Production

Purpose - This paper discusses the historical traceability of artificial intelligence technology and its development lineage in the film and television industry. It analyzes the close connection between AI technology and the film and television industry. The text summarizes the challenges and impacts of AI technology on the film and television industry, along with suggestions for future development. Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to explore the impact of artificial intelligence on the film and television culture industry, this paper analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence on the film and television culture industry from the perspective of macro-industry and the perspective of application technology, starting from the overall technological impetus of artificial intelligence to the film and television culture industry and the application of artificial intelligence in film and television image processing. The case was analyzed in detail. Based on a summary of previous research, this study identifies key issues and proposes solutions. Findings - Through the research of this paper, the problems of artificial intelligence in film and television creation are summarized, and the potential problems are easily generated technical dependence, legal risks in creation, and reduced professional value of practitioners, etc. Countermeasure suggestions are put forward to break the technical dependence, provide a legal basis for the creation of artificial intelligence, and adjust the use of the positioning to realize the synergy between man and machine. Research Implications - This paper aims to enhance the application of AI in the film and television culture industry, thereby increasing the industry vitality of the film and television sector.

Development and justification of a methodology for studying the development of value-semantic foundations of the content of Russian pedagogical education (on a sample of students of a pedagogical university)

The author of the article presents the results of testing the methodology he developed, “Methodology for determining the features of the development of value-semantic foundations of the content of pedagogical education.” The substantiation of the author's methodology was carried out on a sample of students from the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky. The methodology was developed with the aim of identifying the peculiarities of the development of the value-semantic foundations of the content of Russian pedagogical education. The basis for the methodology was the traditional values listed in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values” dated November 9, 2022, as well as the list of universal competencies presented in the requirements for the results of mastering the undergraduate program of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education, and the results of the author’s preliminary empirical study to identify significant values and value attitudes among students during their studies at a pedagogical university. The results of testing the author’s methodology presented in the article proved its validity and reliability. The description of the testing results showed a high degree of consistency between the scales of the methods (the tested method “Methodology for determining the features of the development of value-semantic foundations of the content of pedagogical education” and the method “Diagnostics of the real structure of a person’s value orientation” by S.S. Bubnova). At the same time, the revealed substantive consistency in the students’ answers is even higher than in the sample of teachers, that is, students are already studying in programs that are focused on professional pedagogical values; students have them more clearly represented in the value-motivational structure of professional activity compared to teachers.

Australian property market explorer – a front-end native tool for visualizing property sales data

Online interactive 3D visualizations can enhance understanding of the built environment, including non-physical aspects such as property value and price. With access to large-scale open datasets, a key challenge in building such interactive 3D mapping interfaces is the efficiency of visualization methods. Modern GPU-accelerated front-end mapping libraries present a solution to this problem. This research proposes a ‘front-end’ native approach to create a web-based visual analytics framework for large scale spatiotemporal data. The Australian Property Market Explorer exemplifies this framework by visualizing a large dataset of property sales in New South Wales, Australia. This tool allows users to explore and analyse property market patterns at various geographic scales. The proposed framework offers advantages over traditional methods such as scalability and reliability while promising use-cases such as aiding planners in infrastructure and transportation decisions and assisting property valuation professionals in analysing property price trends.

Digital infrastruktur och socialtjänstens myndighetsutövning i Sverige

Digital infrastructure and the exercise of authority by social services: the case of social assistance in Sweden This article explores how digitalisation impacts the discretionary space and decision-making processes of social workers in the administration of social assistance within social services. In the context of increasing digitalisation and automation in public administration, the study examines the complex dynamics between human and non-human actors, such as social workers, clients, and digital systems like RPA (Robotic Process Automation) and e-application platforms. Drawing on theories such as Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and concepts of digital discretion and professional discretionary space, the article investigates how digital infrastructures and systems shape social workers' practices and their relationships with clients. Utilising a qualitative methodology comprised of document analysis and semi-structured interviews with social workers in three Swedish municipalities, the study maps out "data journeys" – the process by which human activities are converted into, and interact with, digital data flows within case management systems. The results indicate that digital technology both challenges and enriches the practice of social work by transforming traditional work processes and client interactions, while new forms of professionalism and citizen participation emerge. The study highlights both the potential and challenges of integrating digital technology into social work. It underscores the importance of a balanced and critically aware approach to digitalisation, where the role and impact of technology are continually reassessed in light of professional values and clients' needs. Future research should continue to explore the dynamic relationship between digital technology and social work to ensure that digitalisation supports, rather than undermines, the fundamental goals and values of social services.

Improving the value of school professionals as partners in efforts to enhance recognition of and responses to youth sex trafficking

AbstractSex trafficking of minors is a significant problem across North America, with sizeable numbers of youth being directly or indirectly manipulated into being exploited or trafficked. Identification of these youth remains difficult, in part because of a lack of knowledge about common characteristics and in part because of victims' reluctance engaging with and trusting law enforcement enough to disclose their experiences. Given that many youth are trafficked during school‐aged years, school settings may represent an ideal location to target prevention and identification efforts, especially by health‐related school professionals, whose training, professional duties, and often positive relationships with youth may make the professionals trustworthy disclosure recipients. Whether such professionals are effective, though, depends on their knowledge of who is at risk for trafficking, characteristics that distinguish trafficking from other forms of harm, and effective questioning approaches to elicit disclosures from victimized youth. To document whether this knowledge exists, we surveyed 361 school‐based professionals concerning their ability to identify trafficking and knowledge of trafficking, adolescent development, and interviewing youth. Although nearly all (97%) school professionals recognized general student risk in the vignettes, only 18% identified that risk as trafficking. Professionals who had prior experience with trafficked youth were more likely to recognize trafficking than those without such experience. Finally, professionals evidenced some general knowledge about the existence of trafficking, adolescent development, and interviewing, but demonstrated more limited knowledge in the most common characteristics of trafficked minors and nuanced aspects of best‐practice questioning approaches. Results highlight important directions for training of school‐based professionals to improve prevention and identification of a highly vulnerable and often overlooked population of victims, namely trafficked minors.

A Study on the Cultivation of Professional Values of Chinese International Education Majors in Colleges and Universities

A Study on the Cultivation of Professional Values of Chinese International Education Majors in Colleges and Universities

Factors and Motives for Professional Self-Determination

The article is devoted to the study of factors and motives that determine professional self-determination. The article examines the content of the concepts “career guidance”, “professional self-determination”, “professional identity”. The aim of the article is to determine the factors and motives influencing the choice of profession. Under the term “vocational guidance” it is proposed to understand the free and independent choice of profession in accordance with the abilities, aptitudes, interests and desires of the individual, requiring personality-oriented assistance aimed at preparing young people to choose a profession. The term “professional self-determination” is interpreted as a long and continuous process of purposeful work, conscious creative and professional choice of a person seeking to form himself as a full-fledged participant of the community of professionals, requiring individual assistance starting from the stage of choosing a future profession. “Professional identity” should be considered as a set of leading characteristics of a person’s professional development, personal and professional values, reflecting the unity of a person with his activity in interaction with a professional group. The research methodology consists of a comprehensive comprehensive study of the choice of future profession by a person depending on vocational guidance, professional self-determination, development of professional identity, indicating the psychological acceptance of the chosen professional activity, as well as depending on some factors that determine such a choice. Methods of research: general theoretical – analysis, synthesis of materials from scientific sources on the stated topic, empirical – diagnosis of factors of choice of future profession by students, statistical calculations of the obtained data. Conclusion. The article emphasized objective and subjective factors that are taken into account when choosing a profession. According to the results of the research on revealing the motives for choosing a profession of 1st year students of Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, according to the original methodology of E. A. Klimov, it is proved that the choice of profession is mostly influenced by such motives as the desire to build their professional path in an exciting and useful way for other people, and only then there is a desire to ensure their material well-being.

User Requirements and Perceptions of a Sensor System for Early Stress Detection in People With Dementia and People With Intellectual Disability: Qualitative Study.

Timely detection of stress in people with dementia and people with an intellectual disability (ID) may reduce the occurrence of challenging behavior. However, detecting stress is often challenging as many long-term care (LTC) residents with dementia and residents with ID have communication impairments, limiting their ability to express themselves. Wearables can help detect stress but are not always accepted by users and are uncomfortable to wear for longer periods. Integrating sensors into clothing may be a more acceptable approach for users in LTC. To develop a sensor system for early stress detection that is accepted by LTC residents with dementia and residents with ID, understanding their perceptions and requirements is essential. This study aimed to (1) identify user requirements for a garment-integrated sensor system (wearable) for early stress detection in people with dementia and people with ID, (2) explore the perceptions of the users toward the sensor system, and (3) investigate the implementation requirements in LTC settings. A qualitative design with 18 focus groups and 29 interviews was used. Focus groups and interviews were conducted per setting (dementia, ID) and target group (people with dementia, people with ID, family caregivers, health care professionals). The focus groups were conducted at 3 time points within a 6-month period, where each new focus group built on the findings of previous rounds. The data from each round were used to (further) develop the sensor system. A thematic analysis with an inductive approach was used to analyze the data. The study included 44 participants who expressed a positive attitude toward the idea of a garment-integrated sensor system but also identified some potential concerns. In addition to early stress detection, participants recognized other potential purposes or benefits of the sensor system, such as identifying triggers for challenging behavior, evaluating intervention effects, and diagnostic purposes. Participants emphasized the importance of meeting specific system requirements, such as washability and safety, and user requirements, such as customizability and usability, to increase user acceptance. Moreover, some participants were concerned the sensor system could contribute to the replacement of human contact by technology. Important factors for implementation included the cost of the sensor system, added value to resident and health care professionals, and education for all users. The idea of a garment-integrated sensor system for early stress detection in LTC for people with dementia and people with ID is perceived as positive and promising by stakeholders. To increase acceptability and implementation success, it is important to develop an easy-to-use, customizable wearable that has a clear and demonstrable added value for health care professionals and LTC residents. The next step involves pilot-testing the developed wearable with LTC residents with dementia and residents with ID in clinical practice.

Results of a pilot study of the features of the development of valuesemantic foundations of the content of teacher education (on a sample of teachers of a pedagogical university)

Introduction. The article outlines the current problem of mastering by students of pedagogical universities the value-semantic foundations of the content of education in the context of the ongoing modernization of pedagogical education. Particular attention should be paid to teachers of pedagogical universities, who are for students – future teachers – carriers of a professional value system and the main source of information about the value-semantic foundations of the content of pedagogical education. We identified the need to develop a methodology that allows us to quickly and objectively assess the level of teachers’ mastery of the value-semantic foundations of the content of pedagogical education.Materials and Methods. The article presents the results of testing the author's methodology “Methodology for determining the features of the development of value-semantic foundations of the content of pedagogical education,” in which teachers from Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky. The purpose of the developed methodology is to identify the features of the development of the value-semantic foundations of the content of Russian pedagogical education. For meaningful validation of the developed methodology, the methodology “Diagnostics of the real structure of a person’s value orientation” by S.S. was used. Bubnova.Results. The results of testing the author’s methodology presented in the article proved its validity and reliability. In the process of content validation of the methodology, a partial correspondence between the degree of implementation of the value-semantic foundations of the content of pedagogical education and the value orientations of the individual in the conditions of real life activity is noted. At the same time, it seems important to emphasize that value positions acting as priorities are characterized by fairly high consistency and comparability. The existing inconsistencies are recorded according to those value positions that occupy relatively low places in the hierarchy of teachers’ values and in our case can be considered as manifestations of the diversity of personal meanings and their combinations in the individual consciousness.Discussion and Conclusions. The results of a pilot study of the author’s methodology using the analysis of correlations presented in the article confirm that the presented methodology can be used to study the development of the value-semantic foundations of the content of pedagogical education (on a sample of teachers at a pedagogical university).

THE INTERPRETERS’ PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL VALUES: THE DETERMINATION OF STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS

The article dwells upon the structure of professional and ethical values of interpreters. The article is built on the analysis of scientific and literary sources, with the help of which the author highlights the structural components of interpreters’ professional and ethical values. The article considers the structure using the example of self-reflection to show it clearly and accurately.

The Professional Values of Nursing Students

The Professional Values of Nursing Students