Prior work on value creation often focuses on economic value in the context of for-profit organizations. In this paper, we extend previous research to the context of nonprofit organizations and explore the conditions under which local environmental nonprofit organizations (LENOs) are able to create social value by improving the environmental performance of their communities. Our framework proposes that LENOs’ effectiveness will depend on 1) LENOs’ (mis)alignment with the logics of other institutional actors (commercial vs. social) and 2) the relative position these actors in the field (core vs. peripheral). We test our contentions using a 7-year panel dataset of 300 U.S. communities. In general, our results indicate that institutional logic alignment is relevant in predicting the ability of LENOs to create social value. Contrary to our expectation, however, we found that peripheral actors that hold a compatible logic with LENOs have greater influence on LENOs’ effectiveness than core actors. Implications ...