Value Chain Management Research Articles

The complexity and interconnectedness of circular cities and the circular economy for sustainability

AbstractIn our study, we are evaluating the dynamic interplay between circular cities and the circular economy, revealing connections shaped by new research insights, using Web of Science database. We have in depth analysed 671 publications from 1990 to mid‐2023, employing Leximancer and VOSviewer tools. Our analysis uncovered key themes, including buildings, waste management, value chains, and sustainable development, linking the circular cities concept and circular economy framework. Emerging research trends, such as urban metabolism, urban mining, governance models, the built environment, sustainability benchmarks, and value chain management, signify deliberate shifts towards higher circular development and implementation. These trajectories harmonise with overarching sustainable development goals. Contemporary research emphasises urban mining, circular indicators, adaptive resource reuse, and urban structure regeneration. This focus facilitates transitioning from linear models to heightened circularity within urban contexts. Research inclination is shifting from traditional economic and environmental concerns towards holistic urban configurations that prioritise social integration, communal well‐being, and the dynamics of the social economy. Through this analytical expedition, we offer novel insights that enhance our understanding of the intricate symbiosis between circular cities and the circular economy. Our findings provide a scientific foundation for formulating targeted strategies by decision‐makers and guiding urban landscapes towards transformative trajectories aligned with sustainable development objectives and sustainable cities.

Industry 4.0 technologies and managers’ decision-making across value chain. Evidence from the manufacturing industry

Abstract The paper aims to identify how Industry 4.0 technologies affect the quality and speed of the managers’ decision-making process across the different stages of the value chain, based on the example of the manufacturing sector. The paper adopts qualitative research, based on nine in-depth interviews with key informants, to capture senior executives’ experiences with implementing Industry 4.0 technologies in their organisations. The research is focused on three manufacturing industries: the automotive, food and furniture industries. The research shows that depending on the stage of the value chain, different Industry 4.0 technologies are more suitable for the support of managers’ decisions. Various Industry 4.0 technologies support decision-making at different stages of the manufacturing value chain. In the Design stage, 3D printing and scanning technologies play a crucial role. In the case of Inbound Logistics, robotisation, automation, Big Data analysis, and Business Intelligence are most useful. During the Manufacturing stage, robotisation, automation, 3D printing, scanning, Business Intelligence, cloud computing, and machine-to-machine (M2M) integration enable quick decision-making and speed up production. Sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) optimise distribution in the Outbound Logistics stage. And finally, Business Intelligence supports decisions within the Sales and Marketing stage. It is also the most versatile technology among all particular stages. The paper provides empirical evidence on the Industry 4.0 technology support in decision-making at different stages of the manufacturing value chain, which leads to more effective value chain management, ensuring faster and more accurate decisions at each value-chain stage. When using properly selected Industry 4.0 technologies, managers can optimise their production processes, reduce costs, avoid errors and improve customer satisfaction. Simultaneously, Industry 4.0 technologies facilitate predictive analytics to forecast and anticipate future demand, quality issues, and potential risks. This knowledge allows organisations to make better decisions and take proactive actions to prevent problems.

Agricultural Value Chain in the North-East Region of India: Present Scenario and Future Prospects

Developing agricultural value chains for local and international markets might alleviate poverty and food insecurity in northeast India. This is particularly true in north-east India, where farmers may produce agricultural commodities with higher value-added potential if processing, marketing and distribution are available, therefore boosting the value of the end product. This article addresses the need for shared knowledge and awareness of modern agricultural value chain improvements to aid decision-making. This study addressed agricultural value chain challenges holistically. Agribusiness expansion and value chain management in northeast India are also explored. A brief literature overview highlights real-world applications and ongoing research. Secondary data from value chain and related literature was utilised. The study highlighted key agricultural value chain concerns and recommended their establishment and growth in North Eastern India. This study enhances agricultural value chain management.

MANAJEMEN RANTAI NILAI KOMODITAS ANGGREK DI PT ANUGERAH ANGGREK NUSANTARA KABUPATEN KEDIRI

The value chain for the development of orchid commodities at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara has several obstacles, namely the agro-climate that does not support orchid cultivation, low technological innovation, and limited stock availability so that consumer demand cannot be fulfilled optimally. This research was conducted from August to December 2022 at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara Kediri Regency, East Java. Sources of data used, namely primary data through observation, interviews, and documentation, while secondary data through literature studies. The results of the study show that value chain management at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara is carried out with several activities including, procurement of raw material inputs, production processes, and marketing. Procurement of production inputs depends on the activities of the production stages obtained from offline and online stores. Production activities at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara consist of pollination, tissue culture, acclimatization, repotting, maintenance, harvesting and marketing. Marketing activities at this company apply the marketing strategy of the 7P marketing mix, namely product, price, promotion, place, people, process, and physical evidence.

Systematic Literature Review of Halal Purchasing in Value Chain Management. A Qualitative Research Era from 2011 to 2022

In observing the rapid competition among businesses in halal market demand, the globe forces to seek competitive advantages and halal purchasing practice as one of way to improve a company's performance. Over the last decade researchers have studied halal supply chain management from various perspectives in relation to different industries. However, there is limited literature in halal purchasing and value chain since start of twenty-first century. The number of publication papers is still pegged to the lowest ebb. This paper aims to systematically review all qualitative research papers, published in reputed journals on the practices of halal purchasing. This paper will employ a systematic literature review methodology extracted from Scopus database and Google Scholar search engine ranging from 2011 until 2022 totaling 17 articles. The authors review the items of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) on halal purchasing and value chain have operationalized systematic reviews. The analysis reveals three research clusters: halal purchasing practices, value chain management, and halal supply chain. The findings of this study will help to explore the understanding of halal in purchasing practices and value chain. This study will be useful for researchers and practitioners in their fields as well as to assist the businesses in halal industry and purchasing management.

Blockchain-enabled cyber-physical system for construction site management: A pilot implementation

Prefabricated construction has become one of the most innovative methods to address the pressing housing demands. However, conventional prefabricated construction projects often suffer from challenges of managing numerous paper-based documentation, non-standardized management and intricate stakeholders in construction site management (CSM). The current design approaches lack sufficient consideration of the activity-based user relationships. To facilitate the system framework design and implementation for CSM, this study proposes a generic Cyber-physical Centered (CCD) Design, illustrating an effective and systematic approach to identify user-activity relationships in a cross-collaborative context. The consideration of entity, value chain and user-activity relationships facilitate identity management and value chain management services. The proposed approach was then utilized to a pilot project to design and implement the Blockchain-enabled Cyber-physical Site Management System (BCSMS) integrated with Digital Work Supervision System (DWSS), incorporating considerations on multi-source information flow and user-centric applications design. The implemented BCSMS decentralized two types of fundamental documents in CSM - Request for Inspection and Survey Checking (RISC) form and site diary. It addresses information fragmentation and asymmetry in a cross-collaborative environment caused by manual-input and error-prone records. The proposed system was evaluated by two important system performance indicators in terms of average response time and transaction per second. The system performance test shows that the accountability of BCSMS is significant compared to DWSS, given the p-value 0.01. Blockchain effectively improves DWSS with enhanced data submission, identity management and data-driven site performance evaluation functions. This study also qualitatively analyzed the pros and cons of proposed blockchain-enabled cyber-physical system (CPS) from society-economy-technology aspects for technical practitioners, construction stakeholders and governments.

Intra-specific pharmacognostic biochemical screening of various populations of Clitoria ternatea L. using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry product ion scanning (LC-MS2 PIS)

Purpose of the researchWhile many inferences have been made about the low degree of genetic variation among intra specific populations of Clitoria ternatea L. (CT), pharmacognostic biochemical investigations using tandem mass spectrometry have never been conducted. Methanol leaf extract of Clitoria ternatea L., populations collected from 13 different agro-climatic zones of India was assessed for identification and characterization of targeted nootropic metabolites, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry product ion scanning (LC-MS2 PIS). Based on the RI values derived from LC-MS2 (PIS) superior population(s), in terms of the presence of the presence of nootropic metabolites, were identified. The intra-specific correlation among different populations, was analyzed through PCA (principal component analysis), scree plot, correlation matrix and hierarchical cluster analysis. Principal resultsThe targeted mass spectrum obtained by tandem mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of acetylcholine, choline, caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol and D-L valine mass fragments in the leaf of CT. These mass groups are belonging to four classes viz., phenols, flavonoids, neurotransmitters and amino acids. Based on the high degree of relative intensities of targeted nootropic metabolites, the Odisha population, collected from Cuttack, outperformed the rest of twelve populations. Correlation matrix data also revealed that populations habituated in similar climatic conditions show significant correlation with each other. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the 13 populations in two groups. The first group contained 11 populations and the second group is restrained into two populations; one from Cuttack, Odisha and second one from Udaipur, Rajasthan. Major conclusionThis is the first report to identify the superior population of Clitoria ternatea L. across India, through multivariate statistical analysis of LC-MS2(PIS) for gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol, D-L-valine, acetylcholine, and choline. Even though earlier studies reported an enhancement of acetylcholine content in the central nervous system. The present work may explain that the plant is a producer of acetylcholine and choline itself so it can directly affect the memory and cognition of the brain. Simultaneously, the study confirms the presence of abovementioned seven nootropic metabolites in the leaf of CT. The Odisha population (collected from Cuttack) transcends over all other 12 populations, with highest RI values of seven nootropic metabolites. According to hierarchical cluster analysis, two populations, viz., the one collected from Cuttack, Odisha and the other collected from Udaipur, Rajasthan were distantly clustered from other eleven populations. Hence, both these populations should be given priority for pharmaceutical supply and value chain management systems.

THE CONCEPT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the article is to identify the main strategic directions of the development of agricultural enterprises using methodological approaches to the concept of supply chain management. The main direction of business process reengineering in the conditions of modern competitive interaction is the entry into the zone of inter-company relations, to the level of coordination of the activities of enterprises – elements of creating added value with the aim of working out a joint strategy within the framework of creating value for the end consumer. Aspects of digitalization of supply chain management processes are considered, highlighting Blockchain as a promising direction of digitalization within the framework of monitoring the movement of goods from the first resource level to the final consumer, conducting financial transactions, and identifying users. The process approach is integrated with the concept of value chain management. This led to the selection of the “previous types of activities” and “subsequent types of activities” segments in view of the focus on the agrarian enterprise as a focal element. Measures to overcome the current problems of the functioning of logistics supply chains in the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy are summarized, including reengineering the export infrastructure system (creating a diversified logistics system resistant to external challenges), diversification of the activities of agricultural enterprises within the framework of optimization of the business process implementation model by supplementing the chain of creation of added value with previous and subsequent types of activities within the framework of integrated agricultural structures in order to reduce the impact of the external environment (in practice, the presented strategy is implemented through vertical integration “from the bottom up”). The positive effects of vertical integration in the agricultural sector, consisting of the optimization of business processes, are highlighted: reduced dependence on foreign markets, reduction of total costs due to the coverage of logistics processes, optimization of the range of finished products by lengthening value-added chains; formation and rational use of investment funds in view of losses as a result of military actions.

An evaluation of the application of the circular production model in agriculture: case study of Nyanza district, Rwanda

IntroductionThis research explored the status of the application of circular economy (CE) principles in the agricultural sector in the Nyanza district of Rwanda.MethodsA multi-methodological approach was used to collect mixed data from farmers and key stakeholders operating in two selected sectors of Muyira and Busasamana to evaluate the solid waste management value chain, assess the adoption of ecological latrines and explore farmers' perception on human waste fertilizers as a CE principle. Quantitative data was collected through interviews with a sample of 1244 farmers randomly selected from Busasamana (n = 598) and Muyira (n = 646). The data were interpreted according to the research questions and analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsThe results indicated that waste management is still at a rudimentary stage in the localities studied, with a waste sorting rate of 2.2% and 1.1% but with a willingness of 96.9% in Busasamana and 99.5% in Muyira sector to sort waste from organic to non-organic at source. The majority of participants, represented by 80.3% of the surveyed farming households in Busasamana and 97.5% of their counterparts in Muyira generate between 1-2 sacks of household waste per week. Food-related waste was the most predominant in Busasamana households, accounting for 99.5% while Muyira farmer households generate both food and yard wastes in proportions of 58% and 41.6% respectively. It's worth knowing that waste is dumped in the domestic rubbish pits in the two sectors, with 88% and 77.9% in Busasamana and Muyira sectors. Furthermore, the research revealed the absence of a waste collection and transport provider and a landfill in the Muyira sector, while waste collection facilities are available in Busasamana. Low adoption rates of eco-friendly latrines were observed, as farmers trick to the use of traditional pit latrines at 98.2% of the households in Busasamana and 100% in Muyira sector. Muyira being far ahead of its Busasamana counterparts in toilet dislodging (67% vs. 33%).Conclusion and recommendationsGreater involvement of all actors in the system to ensure the success of the application of CE practices and initiatives was recommended as well as awareness raising and capacity building on the use of ecological latrines.

ICT as a Support for Value Chain Management in Tourism Destinations: The Case of the City of Cuenca, Ecuador

The accelerated development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has had an impact on the way tourism is carried out today. The concept of smart cities and smart destinations is gaining momentum, which also requires smart consumers, i.e., informed, communicated, and connected. In this sense, the application of the value chain concept to tourism implies reconsidering the weight of digital technologies in its structure and, therefore, in the decision-making process of current and potential tourists. The study aims to demonstrate the need and convenience of incorporating technology as an innovative factor in the management process of the tourism value chain and its contribution to the positioning of the destination, taking the city of Cuenca (Ecuador) as a case study. The contributions are, firstly, the ICT adoption as an innovation factor in the value chain. In addition, through a survey of foreign tourists, it was verified that ICTs are a trend as a personalized communication channel, which contributes to valuing the integral tourism offer of the territory.

Swine Backyard Production Systems in Central Chile: Characterizing Farm Structure, Animal Management, and Production Value Chain

Backyard production systems (BPS) are highly distributed in central Chile. While poultry BPS have been extensively characterized, there remains a notable gap in the characterization of swine BPS in central Chile. In addition, there is evidence that zoonotic pathogens, such as influenza A virus and Salmonella spp., are circulating in backyard poultry and pigs. A total of 358 BPS located in central Chile were evaluated between 2013 and 2015 by interviewing farm owners. Severe deficiencies in biosecurity measures were observed. The value chain of swine backyard production identified food, veterinary care (visits and products), and replacement or breeding animals as the primary inputs to the backyard. The most common origin of swine replacements was from outside the BPS (63%). The main outputs of the system were identified as meat and live animals, including piglets and breeding animals. In 16% of BPS, breeding animals were lent to other BPS, indicating the existence of animals and animal product movement in and out of backyard farms. Results from this study indicate that swine BPS in central Chile represents an animal–human interface that demands special attention for implementing targeted preventive measures to prevent the introduction and spread of animal pathogens and the emergence of zoonotic pathogens.

Optimization of the design and operation of faecal sludge dewatering stations

Population growth and urbanization have encouraged the whole world to revamp the sanitation system safely through proper BV management value chain. The objective of this paper was to estimate the potentialities of adaptation in West Africa under a Sudano-Sahelian climate of a process for the treatment of fecal sludge by unplanted drying bed as well as the practical modalities of its implemented to achieve reliable and efficient processing with this type of device. This study was carried out in Togo more precisely in the municipality of Kozah 1. Experimentally, the study is carried out on a pilot system with an area of 0.2 m2. The determining parameters in the management of faecal sludge have been taken into account at the physical, chemical and microbiological level. The acceptable average organic load after 32 days of drying is 165 Kg DM/year/m2 with raw sludge and biosolids having respectively the physico-chemical characteristics: 960 mgO2/L, 384 mgO2/L for COD; 2814 mgN/L, 1620 mgN/L for NTK; 174.4 mg P/L, 73 mgP/L for P-PO43-. The volume relative humidity remaining after 32 days of regular monitoring is 12%. Microbiological germs such as E. coli, CF, SF, Salmonella, Clostridia and Listeria were the subject of this study. The rate of their elimination is respectively: 57%, 100%, 43%, 57%, 100%, 66%. These results show that the system put in place is effective.

Agricultural Social Networks: An Agricultural Value Chain-Based Digitalization Framework for an Inclusive Digital Economy

Sustainable agriculture is the backbone of food security systems and a driver of human well-being in global economic development (Sustainable Development Goal SDG 3). With the increase in world population and the effects of climate change due to the industrialization of economies, food security systems are under pressure to sustain communities. This situation calls for the implementation of innovative solutions to increase and sustain efficacy from farm to table. Agricultural social networks (ASNs) are central in agriculture value chain (AVC) management and sustainability and consist of a complex network inclusive of interdependent actors such as farmers, distributors, processors, and retailers. Hence, social network structures (SNSs) and practices are a means to contextualize user scenarios in agricultural value chain digitalization and digital solutions development. Therefore, this research aimed to unearth the roles of agricultural social networks in AVC digitalization, enabling an inclusive digital economy. We conducted automated literature content analysis followed by the application of case studies to develop a conceptual framework for the digitalization of the AVC toward an inclusive digital economy. Furthermore, we propose a transdisciplinary framework that guides the digitalization systematization of the AVC, while articulating resilience principles that aim to attain sustainability. The outcomes of this study offer software developers, agricultural stakeholders, and policymakers a platform to gain an understanding of technological infrastructure capabilities toward sustaining communities through digitalized AVCs.

Fifty years of operational research in forestry

AbstractThis paper describes operational research (OR) contributions in forestry over the past 50 years, based on scientific pathways along which the authors have traveled. We draw on our personal experiences and recall how the use of OR in forestry has evolved from the early use of linear programming in the Canadian forest products industry in the 1950s and strategic forest management planning by the U.S. Forest Service in the 1960s. We describe the widespread use of OR in many aspects of forestry over a 50‐year timespan (1970–2020) and to the present day, where climate change and biodiversity challenges and increased data availability are important. The paper covers many areas of forestry, including forest management, natural disturbance processes, tactical and operational harvesting, transportation, and value chain management. Each section in the paper includes a historical description of OR‐based key applications as well as OR‐based model and method developments Additionally, we discuss our perceptions of OR in future use and its importance in forestry.

Analysis of Value Chain Model of Sheep-Fattening Business in Langkat District

Aims: To increase the beef cattle business by minimizing business production costs.
 Study Design: This research begins with preliminary studies such as conducting literature studies, problem identification, needs analysis, and system identification. Then conduct field observations and expert interviews. Best practice value chain analysis consists of several steps, which are both descriptive and analytical. Value chain analysis describes the overall market in which a particular value chain operates.
 Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from November 2022-January 2023 in Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency.
 Methodology: The method used in this study is value chain analysis through mapping Hayami's value chain and added value.
 Results: The value chain model for fattening sheep in the research area can be applied to improve performance through efficiency, integration of actors, and distribution channels to deliver to consumers. Based on data processing and analysis results, it is known that the problem of sheep value chain management is a constraint on resource input in the form of a shortage of sheep supply, so Langkat Regency still depends on supplies from other regions.
 Conclusion: Mapping a value chain model based on actual business processes requires designing a supply chain solution to address critical aspects that hinder the smooth management of the sheep value chain.

Blockchain Technology Adoption Effect Onknowledge Management State of the Art Survey

The International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains ( IJMVSC ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of value and supply chain management. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the management of value and supply chain management, looking across both product and service-based businesses. This will include works based in service management, logistics and distribution, operations management, process management, flow control, and customer service. The journal offers a forum in which academics, consultants, and practitioners in a variety of fields can exchange ideas to further research and improve practices in all areas of business. The International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains ( IJMVSC ) seek to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in the management of both product and service-based organizations around the world.

Cloud Computing Value Chains: Research from the Operations Management Perspective

Problem definition: Cloud computing is recognized as a critical driver of information technology–enabled innovations. The operations management (OM) community, however, has not been exposed enough to the essential operations problems that arise from the management of cloud value chains. Academic/practical relevance: In this paper, we examine recent research on cloud value chains and explore future research opportunities from an OM perspective. In particular, we focus on major operations management challenges facing a cloud provider in three problem domains: (1) cloud computing resource management, (2) pricing in the cloud computing marketplaces, and (3) capacity planning and management of cloud supply chains. Methodology: We describe prevalent business models and management practices in the cloud value chains, discuss recent research from OM that falls into each of the three problem domains mentioned, and point out opportunities for future research. Results: We note that cloud computing operations are driven by demand that exhibits distinct characteristics, including complex workflow, demand redundancy, multifeatured characteristics, multidimensional resource requirement, and nonstationarity. On the supply side, cloud computing operations also exhibit distinct characteristics, including heterogeneous resources, packing constraints, preconfigured (“bundled”) supply, technology risks, and cost uncertainty. These characteristics of demand and supply are not all prevalent in other operations. Managerial implications: Cloud computing operations not only share many features with classic OM problems, but also bring new challenges and innovative business models. Thus, OM tools and research have the potential to provide vital insights into cloud computing operations and impact management practices in the cloud industry, which, in turn, can stimulate much innovative research from the OM perspective. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1178 .

Improved services traceability and management of a food value chain using block-chain network: a case of Nigeria

<span lang="EN-US">Competitive asset markets and increased globalization have continued to ripple the food value chain with complex dynamics, which has led to a range of challenges such as food safety and quality, traceability, and overall supply chain inefficiency. These have further continued to endanger the general well-being of society. With rice as a staple food in Nigeria, the rice food supply value chain consists of a series of tasks, processes, and activities that are linked together from freshly harvested products to consumer demand and supply. Study advances the SmartRice, a sensor-based block-chain framework that decentralizes as well as provides a decision-support for the food supply value chain process by first ensuring that accurate data of harvested goods are reported, and passed on to a chain. The study advances a decentralized framework to eliminate various forms of fraud rippled across the existing centralized system, minimize corruption through its sensor-based layered model as well as minimize the error in reported data along the value chain.</span>

Development of an Intelligent Platform for Enterprise Financial Management Based on Value Chain and Data Chain

This article attempts to combine value chain and data chain ideas with corporate financial management. By analyzing the limitations of traditional financial management models in value chain management, this paper puts forward the basic ideas for the construction of corporate financial management models based on the value chain, starting from the establishment of corporate internal Start with the value chain management system and tap the potential of the open value chain of enterprises to build a financial management framework based on value chain thinking suitable for Chinese enterprises. Analyzed the integrated financial accounting model from the perspective of the value chain, established a financial management framework based on the value chain; analyzed the construction methods of the financial management subject, financial management scope, and financial management content in the corporate value chain financial management model.

Stakeholder analysis for designing an urban air quality data governance ecosystem in smart cities

Cities, the world over, are fuelling economic growth. At the same time, rapid urbanization is a root cause of serious environmental damage. Recent WHO global air pollution guidelines highlight air pollution as a critical environmental threat along with climate change. To address these threats, smart cities and clean air programs are on a rise. In smart cities, data and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are major drivers of city transformations. The 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and cloud computing have the potential to accelerate these transformations toward urban resilience. However, the success of smart cities and clean air programs depends on cohesive multi-sector stakeholder contributions. This study conducted interdisciplinary participative stakeholder analysis to understand the data, and sectorial challenges, to outline the technological opportunities to facilitate clean air programs in Indian smart cities. The research highlights gaps due to siloed stakeholder operations, lack of data calibration, non-alignment of smart city and air quality management services, non-availability of health exposure data, and difficulty in translating scientific data into implementable actions. Stakeholders expressed potential ‘fit for the purpose’ use of IoT devices, satellites, smartphones, and mobility data augmented by AI methods in bridging these gaps. The analysis points toward a need to develop an easily accessible and ubiquitous urban data governance ecosystem enabling seamless cross-sector data exchanges to build trusting relationships among the stakeholders across the air quality management value chain