Value-added Models Research Articles

An empirical study on the effectiveness of collaborative school implementation in central China: a value-added approach

ABSTRACT School effectiveness refers to an educational institution’s ability to achieve its predetermined goals, especially regarding student learning outcomes, development, and well-being. Although forming and strengthening partnerships between schools is commonly used to improve school effectiveness, empirical evidence on the connection between school collaboration and school effectiveness remains insufficient. This study investigates the relationship between school collaboration and effectiveness by employing a hierarchical linear model based on a value-added analysis of student scores in selected schools in a central Chinese city. We found that some student- and school-level variables significantly influenced students’ achievement. After controlling for both student and school demographic variables, the study results indicated that collaborative schools exhibited greater school effectiveness than non-collaborative schools, and the effectiveness continued improving as collaborative schools continued to grow. In general, it is viable to employ the value-added approach to assess the impact of school collaboration within the Chinese education system.

Teachers’ effects on student achievement in the United States from a cumulative perspective

ABSTRACT Not all students have equal opportunities to learn from effective teachers, and students from historically disadvantaged backgrounds are disproportionately more likely to be taught by ineffective teachers year after year. However, the cumulative experience of being taught by (in)effective teachers has received less attention. Utilizing data from Tennessee’s Student/Teacher Achievement Ratio and value-added modeling, we found that cumulative exposure to highly (in)effective teachers significantly impacts students’ achievement. Students consistently taught by highly effective teachers for three years demonstrated approximately seven months more learning growth compared to those taught by ineffective teachers for the same period. The findings emphasize that the cumulative effects of prolonged exposure to highly effective and ineffective teachers can widen existing disparities in academic achievement. We conclude that teacher effectiveness, as well as access to and distribution of effective teachers, should be viewed from a cumulative perspective to better understand, effectively address, and reduce educational inequality.

Teacher effectiveness in English-medium instruction and students’ academic achievement: A value-added model in action

This study aimed to investigate the association between general science teachers’ effectiveness in teaching through English and students’ academic success in Debre Birhan City. In addition, it sought to determine which dimensions of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) accounted for the greatest variability. Furthermore, it examined whether demographic variables such as sex, qualification, and experience co-variated with students’ academic achievement (SAA). A non-experimental correlational design was employed. The study sample included 45 randomly selected teachers and 1575 students in 45 classrooms. A teacher effectiveness questionnaire and an academic achievement test were used as data collection tools implementing the principle of the value-added model. The findings revealed a strong relationship between teachers’ effectiveness in teaching science through English and SAA, with pedagogical knowledge being the highest contributor and experience co-variating with SAA. The unstandardized coefficient output also reveals that SAA increases by a certain percentage as every scale of EMI increases. The study recommends on-the-job training for EMI teachers. Additionally, experienced teachers should work in pairs with younger teachers and share fresh perspectives on teaching methods and effective language use. The introduction of EMI implementation policies is also recommended.

Measuring the value of teachers from traditional certification pathways in Texas: A comprehensive study

While teacher preparation in the United States continues a long period of decline, the largest-producing state, Texas, is experiencing substantial changes in how it prepares teachers. The number of teachers prepared by traditional university pathways continues to decline, and the number from alternative pathways is rising. Using extensive data from Texas, we find that traditionally prepared teachers from universities obtain significantly higher student learning gains than alternatives. We use value-added models to estimate changes in student test scores in many grade levels and test subjects as a function of teacher preparation pathway. We compare all Traditional programs to all Alternative programs, and we compare all For-Profit programs to all Not for-Profit programs. For most subjects and grade levels, students learn significantly more from Traditional or Not for-Profit program teachers: 0.02 to 0.05 in standard deviation units. There is not one significant estimate in any model where students learn more from Alternative and For-Profit programs teachers than they do from Traditional and Not For-Profit program teachers.

Gamma irradiation pilot project: Enhancing food safety and export quality in Indonesia

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of establishing a gamma irradiator pilot project in Indonesia to reduce food loss and food waste, as well as to enhance the value of export commodities. Gamma irradiators have the potential to extend shelf life, improve food safety, and reduce losses during distribution and storage. The research methodology involves weighting to assess the feasibility of location selection, incorporating secondary data analysis and economic value-added analysis. The results indicate that the PUSPIPTEK Serpong location meets all mandatory criteria and nearly all non-mandatory criteria, making it a suitable site for this pilot project. The operation of the gamma irradiator in Serpong has successfully increased the volume of irradiation services, though its utilization is predominantly for export purposes. The main challenges include a negative public perception of irradiated food and a lack of education on its benefits. This study concludes that gamma irradiators are effective in reducing food loss and food waste, as well as increasing the value-added of export commodities. Strong government support and continuous education programs are necessary to improve public acceptance. Future research could focus on long-term evaluations of the impact of gamma irradiators and the development of more effective educational programs.

The Value Chain Analysis of Coffee Products in the Case of Bandung District

Coffee, a significant plantation product, holds vast opportunities in both domestic and global markets. Bandung Regency is renowned for its distinctive fruit-flavored coffee, particularly from Ciwidey and Puntang, where coffee is marketed in cherry and green bean forms without branding. A value chain analysis is essential to enhance the coffee industry's added value and sustainability. This study aims to identify the coffee value chain in Bandung Regency, analyze the cost of production, total revenue, and profit of the coffee processing industry in Ciwidey and Puntang, and determine the added value of coffee products in these areas. Using descriptive analysis, results indicate that Ciwidey (MS Coffee) has a lower cost of goods produced than Puntang (Acs Siliwangi) due to higher production volumes in Puntang leading to higher costs. However, Puntang’s larger production volume also generates higher monthly revenue and profit due to a higher selling price per kilogram. Value-added analysis reveals that Puntang’s value-added per kilogram (Rp. 55,025.00/kg) surpasses that of Ciwidey (Rp. 44,647.00/kg), attributed to higher selling prices, superior product quality, and greater market presence in Puntang. Conversely, higher input prices in Ciwidey result in lower value-added.

Upaya Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Ikan Bandeng Menjadi Abon Bandeng di La Primarasa di Desa Balun Kecamatan Turi Kabupaten Lamongan

The availability of milkfish during the season will be abundant, and cause the price of fish to fall, to anticipate it, the La Primarasa household industry in Lamongan makes fish floss from milkfish. This effort is carried out with the aim of increasing the added value of milkfish. This study is a quantitative research with the purposive sample method in selecting the sample, and using the calculation of added value analysis. The results of the study obtained that the amount of added value from processed milkfish into milkfish floss La Primarasa is Rp12,000/kg with an added value ratio of 24%.

Improvement Operational Business Process in Logistic Companies Using Model-Based and Integrated Process Improvement

The logistics business sector is experiencing increasingly competitive and complex developments, requiring enhancements to remain competitive. The method used in this research is the Model-Based and Integrated Process Improvement (MIPI) method, and business process mapping using Business Process Model and Notation. The MIPI method consists of four stages: Understand Business Needs, Understand the Process, Model and Analyze Process, by conducting activity analysis using Value-Added Analysis and Cause and Effect Analysis to identify problem causes, and the final stage is Redesign Process. Value-Added Analysis indicates that in the outbound process, there are 21 activities, comprising 4 Real Value Added, 15 Business Value Added, and 2 Non-Value Added. In the inbound process, there are 21 activities with a composition of 2 Real Value Added, 16 Business Value Added, and 3 Non-Value Added. Based on Cause and Effect Analysis, customer complaints were found to be related to delayed delivery of goods, with root causes identified in planning, methods, equipment, and human factors. Based on these findings, a proposal for a new business process design is made, including the elimination of Non-Value Added activities and parallelism in some activities to simplify Business Value Added activities. Recommendations for these issues include expanding partnerships and collaboration with vendors, increasing fleet size, and providing employee development training.

Temporally Dynamic, Cohort-Varying Value-Added Models.

We aim to estimate school value-added dynamically in time. Our principal motivation for doing so is to establish school effectiveness persistence while taking into account the temporal dependence that typically exists in school performance from one year to the next. We propose two methods of incorporating temporal dependence in value-added models. In the first we model the random school effects that are commonly present in value-added models with an auto-regressive process. In the second approach, we incorporate dependence in value-added estimators by modeling the performance of one cohort based on the previous cohort's performance. An identification analysis allows us to make explicit the meaning of the corresponding value-added indicators: based on these meanings, we show that each model is useful for monitoring specific aspects of school persistence. Furthermore, we carefully detail how value-added can be estimated over time. We show through simulations that ignoring temporal dependence when it exists results in diminished efficiency in value-added estimation while incorporating it results in improved estimation (even when temporal dependence is weak). Finally, we illustrate the methodology by considering two cohorts from Chile's national standardized test in mathematics.

Do teachers colleges prepare more effective teachers? Evidence from a top school district in China

This paper provides the first empirical evidence on the value of teacher education by comparing the effectiveness of traditionally trained teachers from teachers' colleges and non-traditionally trained teachers from comprehensive universities in China. We utilize the unique data of 424 traditionally and 40 non-traditionally trained teachers from a top school district in China and a cross-subject value-added model to address teacher-student sorting bias. Our results indicate that, on average, traditionally trained teachers contribute approximately 0.1 standard deviations higher value to students' high-stakes test scores over a three-year period than non-traditionally trained teachers. Behavioral analyses on the district's teacher survey suggest that while teachers from both routes are similar in time allocation and professional psychological characteristics, traditionally trained teacher report being better in applying multitudinous pedagogies and teaching strategies. We find similar results using two administrative data sources from another province. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing debate about the effectiveness of alternative routes to teaching and the importance of teacher education.

ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE AND ADDED VALUE OF TEMPEH IN MATARAM CITY

Supply chain performance measurement presents a valuable opportunity to enhance and advance supply chain management practices across various industries, including the tempeh agroindustry. The research was aimed at analyzing the structure and performance of the supply chain, as well as the added value of the tempeh agroindustry in Mataram city. The study utilized a descriptive method that involved interviewing several respondents. Collected data was analyzed using the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) method version 9, and Hayami Model Added Value Analysis. The results indicated that the stakeholders involved in the agroindustry supply chain in Mataram city were soybean importers in Java, local soybean supply agents, tempeh agroindustry entrepreneurs, and tempeh retailers. The study found that the tempeh agroindustry supply chain performance attained superior performance in the Reliability, Flexibility, Responsiveness, and Asset attributes. On the other hand, the Total Supply Chain Cost attribute recorded poor performance. Processing one kilogram of soybeans into tempeh yielded an added value of IDR. 9,280.82, with an added value ratio of 43.56%, and is categorized as moderate.

Existing Condition Analysis and Business Models Identification of Rice Farmer Corporation in Subang Regency

Abstract The transformation of rice farmers from farmer groups to a corporate business entity necessitates their ability to meet rice productivity targets and implement a sustainable business model. This study aimed to analyze the current conditions of rice farmer corporations, including their rice production performance, added value, and business models. Initially, the performance of these corporations was assessed by comparing it to rice productivity targets. Subsequently, the Hayami method was used to analyze the added value generated by the farmers. Furthermore, the existing business model of the rice farmer corporation was described, and the canvas business model method was employed to identify elements that impact the sustainability of the rice business. The research was conducted in the rice agro-industry center locations in Subang Regency. Rice productivity still lower than target, it is crucial to prioritize post-harvest handling as it plays a vital role in minimizing crop yield losses. The findings of the value-added analysis conducted within the company obtained is good and indicate that both processing procedures have the potential to create additional value. In order for this business activity to function effectively, certain resources are required. To ensure the stability of this business, partnerships are essential, benefiting both the corporation and its partners. Moreover, the development of a business model is expected to enhance the role of rice farmer corporations in promoting the growth of national rice production.

Analisis Nilai Tambah Dan Keuntungan Pengolahan Ekoenzim Menjadi Sabun Di Desa Kawatak Kecamatan Langowan Selatan Kabupaten Minahasa

This research aims to determine the added value and profitability of ecoenzymes when used to make dish soap and bath soap. The study was conducted over a period of three months, from January to March 2024, covering everything from preparation to the writing of the research report. The research took place at the DSY Monastery in Kawatak Village, Langowan Selatan District, Minahasa Regency. Data were collected through primary sources, including observations, interviews, and documentation related to the soap-making process, costs incurred, product pricing, and raw materials used. Secondary data were obtained from supporting sources, including information about waste products and relevant institutions providing necessary data. The data analysis involved identifying issues using value-added analysis. The results indicate that the production of dish soap yields an added value of IDR10,116 per production cycle, while bath soap production yields an added value of IDR79,539 per cycle. The profit margin for dish soap production is 6.316%, whereas for bath soap production, it is 73.20%. The highest profit margin is achieved in bath soap production at 73.20%.

Analisis Nilai Tambah Bonggol Pisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) Menjadi Kerupuk Bongsang Pada UKM Abopink Di Desa Pringgacala Kecamatan Karangampel Kabupaten Indramayu

The purpose of this study was to (1) the added value of the banana corm processing business into bongsang crackers in UKM ABOPINK; and (2) to determine the value-added ratio of banana corm processing business becoming bongsang crackers at UKM ABOPINK. The research method used was a survey method, and the research design was a descriptive survey. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. Analysis of the data used in this study using added value analysis with the Hayami method. Based on the results of this study, the bongsang cracker processing business at UKM ABOPINK Pringgacala Village, Karangampel District, Indramayu Regency in 2020. UKM ABOPINK produces bongsang crackers with 1 package, which is a package containing 100 grams. With an added value of IDR. 40.905,50 with an added value ratio of 77,92% means that the added value is high in one production process.

부가가치모형 기반의 학교행복지수 산출 및 학생들이 행복한 학교의 특성 분석

This study aimed to calculate the School Happiness Index using a value-added model and analyze characteristics of happy schools. The value-added School Happiness Index was calculated after controlling for background characteristics and pre-happiness scores, which reflected changes in students' happiness scores compared to schools with similar backgrounds. KCYPS 2018 data was used, and a three-level multilevel growth model and school-level path analysis were applied to estimate the value-added School Happiness Index and examine related middle school characteristics. The findings revealed that peer relationships and academic enthusiasm in schools were identified as crucial school characteristics for promoting school happiness. The results of this study can contribute to increasing educational interest in student happiness in schools and serve as empirical evidence for promoting happy schools.

Effectiveness of Company Value Creation Based on Excess Market Value-Added Assessment

This article aims to assess the usefulness of excess market value added to equity as an external measure of company value creation from the perspective of meeting shareholder expectations. This measure compares the expected value as an increase in stock exchange capitalisation in relation to return on equity, equivalent to its cost, decreased by this capital, in relation to the actually achieved level of capitalisation. This paper investigates relations with other external and internal measures. This research is based on measuring value creation in WIG30 Warsaw Stock Exchange companies in 2017–2023. The assessment of the research results was based on mathematical statistics tools, the density measure and the taxonomic measure of similarity. The study tested four hypotheses. The results of this research showed that the excess measure does not distort market information and can be used to assess the effectiveness of shareholder value creation, taking into account shareholder expectations. Secondly, the paper pointed to an unsatisfactory level of value creation in WSE WIG30 companies. The negative assessment of value creation management refers both to effectiveness and efficiency. Thirdly, shareholders continue to use classical financial measures despite the existence of a wide spectrum of value measures. Fourthly, the paper points to the lack of theoretical equality between the market value added (an external measure) and capitalised economic value added (an internal measure). The presented research contributes to unbiased assessments of whether or not shareholder value is simultaneously created and realised in increased share prices (capitalisation) to a higher degree than shareholder expectations. Up to now, no such research studies have been conducted for Polish and foreign capital markets. The research methodology has practical applications in expectations-based management.

Effect of exchange rate uncertainty, energy prices and sectoral spending on agriculture value added, household consumption, and domestic investment

The agricultural value chain is underpinned by the interdependence of agricultural value added, household consumption and domestic investment. Understanding the complex interactions between these microeconomic outcomes and the uncertainties in the macroeconomic variables of exchange rates, energy prices and sectoral spending remains under-researched. Therefore, this study examines the impact of exchange rate, energy prices and sectoral spending on agricultural value added, household consumption and domestic investment in Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. Using Kernel regularized least squares (KRLS), the results show that the average pointwise marginal effects of exchange rate and agricultural spending are positive, while the average pointwise marginal effect of energy price is significantly negative for the agricultural value-added model. The results also show that the exchange rate, energy prices and agricultural expenditure all have a positive effect on household consumption. Regarding domestic investment, the effect of the exchange rate is positive and statistically insignificant, while the effects of energy prices and agricultural expenditure are negative and statistically significant. The study recommends the need to strengthen the social safety nets currently in place in Nigeria to support households that are vulnerable to exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, incentives should be given to households and farmers to help use renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power for agricultural activities. Also, investment in value chains and agribusiness initiatives should be encouraged rather than just in crop production.

Synergistic regional emission reductions in China: Network evolution, spatial and temporal characteristics, and driving factor

Synergistic regional emission reduction (SRER) is an important part of the strategy to achieve carbon neutrality. In this paper, a system efficiency value-added model is proposed to measure the strength of SRER network relationships for 40,186 sets of city pairs and the SRER levels of 284 cities in China from 2011 to 2021. Subsequently, the evolution characteristics of the SRER network, the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban SRER levels, and the driving factors of the SRER network evolution are further analyzed. The results are as follows: SRER network is shifting from a fan-shaped network pattern of “three-region clustering and sporadic coverage” to a shuttle-shaped nested network pattern of “east-west linkage and multi-region support”. Time series analysis found that urban SRER level in China showed fluctuating growth characteristics during the study period. Spatial analysis reveals that the spatial autocorrelation of urban SRER level is decreasing, and the spatial distribution range is expanding towards the southwest. Emission reduction comparative advantages (CAER), green innovation division of labor (GIDL) and urban economic linkages (LCEL) are driver factors of SRER network evolution. This study proposes an evaluation method for the urban SRER level from network relationships perspective. Subsequently, network evolution characterization, spatial and temporal characterization, and driving factor analysis were conducted. The results of the study provide important theoretical guidance and inspiration for grasping the current status and enhancement paths of China's urban SRER level.

The Transformasi Proses Bisnis Produk Asuransi Rangka Kapal di Reasuransi PT. ABC

This research aims to (1) analyze the ongoing H&M insurance business process, (2) identify the root of the problems that hinder the effectiveness of the business process, (3) evaluate underwriting parameters, and (4) design a new business model in PT reinsurance. A B C. The research method used is qualitative analysis involving the Delphi method of seven H&M insurance industry experts who were chosen deliberately. The business model is explained through the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). Business process analysis is carried out using root-cause analysis, value-added analysis, waste analysis, and direct weighting analysis to determine the relevance of underwriting parameters. Business transformation is carried out by (1) adding significant risk parameters in the underwriting process, (2) eliminating activities that do not provide added value, (3) increasing risk analysis activities that provide added value to the business acceptance process (underwriting), (4) improving data management through optimizing administration as a data bank and system agent, and (5) implementing pricing rates to maintain stability of rates and premiums. Statistical analysis supports risk assessment and pricing rates to ensure adequate premiums required for further research. In conclusion, a holistic business process transformation accompanied by improved risk analysis and data management is needed to increase the profitability and sustainability of the ship hull insurance industry. Keywords: Ship Hull Insurance, Business Process Management, Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Business Process Transformation

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial dan Nilai Tambah Industri Terasi Di Desa Sumberjaya, Kecamatan Tempuran, Kabupaten Karawang

The shrimp paste industry in Sumberjaya Village, Karawang Regency, is a processing industry made from fish and shrimp using fermentation and salting methods to produce shrimp paste. The sustainability of this industry is maintained through its business feasibility. The added value created is economically beneficial. This research aims to evaluate the financial feasibility of businesses and the added value of the shrimp paste industry. The method used is quantitative-descriptive. Sampling used the saturated sampling method in a total of 13 shrimp paste industries. Data collection was carried out through interviews with shrimp paste industry players who had milling machines and those who did not. The data was then analyzed using cost analysis, break-even point (BEP), R/C, and added value analysis using the Hayami. method. The results of the research show that producers who have milling machines spend an average of Rp1,680,161/month, income Rp8.060.000, income Rp6.417.296, R/C ratio 4,9, BEP price Rp13.302, BEP production 2kg. Shrimp paste producers who do not have a grinding machine on average per month spend Rp895.497, income Rp3.412.500, revenue Rp2.517.003, R/C ratio 3.81, BEP price Rp17.076, BEP production 0.87kg. Producers who use milling machines are able to obtain an added value of Rp49.480,33 per kilogram, or 89%; producers without milling machines obtain an added value of Rp48.351.60 per kilogram, or the equivalent of 86%; thus, the shrimp paste industry is profitable and worth trying.