Valuable Forms Research Articles

Recent Advancements in the Valorization of Agro-Industrial Food Waste for the Production of Nanocellulose

The rising climate change concerns over the excessive exploitation of non-renewable sources have necessitated the need for alternative renewable and eco-friendly resources for the production of innovative materials, achieving the targets of bioeconomy. Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) constituted by polymeric sugars and lignin is an abundantly available plant-based renewable material in the form of agro-industrial food waste and crop residues that can be exploited for the production of an array of value-added chemicals and bioproducts. Cellulose is the most abundant natural and biodegradable organic polymer on earth derived from LB, with wide scale applications in the lignocellulosic biorefineries and food industries. The negative effects of food waste from agro-industrial activities could be reduced through the recovery of cellulose from these wastes and converting it into valuable forms. However, the extraction of cellulose from LB is a difficult task owing to the recalcitrant nature of biomass that restricts the easy accessibility of cellulose for value addition. Therefore, a suitable cellulose extraction method through the fractionation of LB is necessary for a better cellulose yield. Furthermore, owing to the enormous potential of nanocellulose (NC), researchers are keenly interested in developing ecologically acceptable cellulose extraction methods. Cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals confer excellent mechanical properties, non-toxic characteristics and biodegradability, due to which they possess wide-scale applications in diverse industrial sectors. The current review emphasizes the potential role of cellulose extraction and NC production from agro-food waste. The different pretreatment methods for their extraction from LB are outlined. The applications of nanocellulose in different areas are also discussed. The review also highlights the recent trends, challenges and future directions in the development of cellulose and NC-based commercial products.

Behaviour and Thoughts: For a Pluralistic Model of Empirically Informed Political Philosophy

Is Political Philosophy Impossible? develops a distinctive and powerful vision of empirically informed political philosophy: one that gives a central role to data about what people do, rather than what they think or say. Here, I offer some critical reflections on this ‘normative behaviourist’ account of how, and why, we should integrate normative theorizing with empirical research. I suggest that normative behaviourism is at once too ambitious and too restrictive concerning the role of social scientific data in political philosophy. On the one hand, it implicates philosophy in complex and contested issues in criminology, and developing the approach to address more fine-grained normative problems would place unrealistic demands on the empirical data. On the other hand, the emphasis on crime and insurrection excludes alternative valuable forms of empirical evidence from normative theorizing. I conclude by defending a more modest and pluralistic picture of data-sensitive political philosophy.

Philosophical virtues

It has been suggested that philosophers should adopt a methodology largely inspired by mathematics and that the “mathematical” virtues of rigor, clarity, and precision are also fundamental philosophical virtues. In reply, this paper argues that some excellent philosophy lacks these virtues and that too much emphasis on the mathematical virtues excludes potentially valuable forms of philosophical discourse and makes the profession less diverse than it should be. Unduly restrictive conceptions of philosophical argumentation should be avoided. On a contributory conception, philosophy should try to make a positive contribution to human emancipation where possible. The paper argues that it is possible and desirable for epistemology to contribute in this way and that the mathematical virtues are less significant in this context than the emancipatory virtues of what one might call “liberation philosophy.” These include irony, reflectiveness, imagination, contrarianism, and worldliness.

Application of Genetic Resources in the Development of New Lithuanian Vegetable Cultivars

The investigations of genetic resources in Lithuania started in 1924. Collections including more than 110 samples of different vegetable species have been accumulated and continue to expand. The breeding program is focused on productivity, quality traits and biochemical composition, and tolerance of unfavorable environmental factors in changing climates. Currently, over 95 cultivars and hybrids of vegetables have been released, about 40 of which are included in the EU Common catalogue of varieties of vegetable species. From 2012 to 2021, twelve cultivars were developed at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, seven of which are fruit vegetables, four are root crops, and two are in the onion group. The breeding direction was to increase the sustainable production of vegetables and improve the quality of the products by using national and adapted genetic resources as valuable parental forms. For 10 years, vegetable plant hybrids and cultivars were developed to meet commercial cultivars' market requirements. The tomato cultivars 'Ainiai' H, 'Adas' H, 'Auksiai' H, 'Alvita' and cucumber cultivar 'Roliai' are distinguished by a good biochemical composition and taste, while the sweet pepper cultivar 'Gabija' has high productivity and fruit quality. The carrot hybrids 'Ieva', 'Rokita', 'Jola', garlic cultivar 'Dangiai', and onion cultivar 'Joriai' are distinguished by their productivity and good storage ability. The Jerusalem artichoke cultivar 'Sauliai' has tubers with white skin and the colour of the flowers is yellow.

Особливості функціонування пігментного комплексу та урожайність агрусу (Ribes uva-crispa L.) вітчизняної селекції у Західному Лісостепу України

We diagnosed the functional state and potential productivity of the pigment complex of the gooseberry of domestic selection in the conditions of the Western Lisosteppe of Ukraine. We established relationships between functional stability, efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and economic productivity of valuable forms of this culture. In comparison with the control variant of gooseberry variety Nesluhivskyi, the hybrid forms of selection of IH NAAS Lasunok, Medovyi, as well as varieties Petrivka, Kholodnyi Yar surpassed the control in terms of individual indicators of potential productivity and functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our study of the relationship between the actual productivity of gooseberry and the features of the functioning of the pigment complex showed that the economic productivity was ensured to a greater extent by the productivity potential of the pigment complex in terms of maximum fluorescence and the rate of energy transfer to the synthesis of organic matter. This is confirmed by the inversely proportional correlation between the actual productivity of experimental gooseberry plants and their productivity potential according to the first wave of fluorescence (r = -0.60). This wave (Fmax1) characterizes the potential of the pigment system regarding the transformation of accumulated energy into compounds of organic synthesis. A medium-level negative correlation (r = -0.58) was also established between productivity and Ki1. The last coefficient reveals the efficiency of light transmission near the reaction centers of photosystem II. At the same time, he takes into account the influence of stress factors that prevent the normal operation of the photosynthetic system in the light phase. The functional state of all experimental plants was high. Accordingly, the level of correlation between yield and functional state (as a factor at the maximum) of plants in the studies was low (less than ± 0.2). According to the set of fluorescent indicators considered in the article, the varieties and hybrid forms of gooseberry were characterized by sufficient stability of functioning and productivity of the pigment complex of leaves to ensure economic productivity in the conditions of the Western Lisosteppe of Ukraine. In terms of productivity potential, the investigated variants were superior to Nesluhivskyi (control), one of the best varieties of domestic selection. The promising hybrid form of gooseberry Medovyi, and varieties Petrivka, Kholodnyi Yar were noted for intensive accumulation of organic compounds. These three options were marked by the highest actual productivity (on average over the years of research, 15.7-17.0 t/ha). According to the results of the initial varietal study, gooseberries Kholodnyi Yar, Petrivka were submitted to the state register of Ukraine. Promising hybrid forms Lasunok, Medovyi are undergoing the final stages of initial varietal study. Key words: gooseberry, variety, hybrid forms, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, leaf apparatus, potential productivity, productivity.

Analysis of genetic diversity of valuable walnut species collected at N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences Using SSR markers

Walnut is one of the most economically significant nut crops. Evaluation of the genetic structure of the domestic walnut gene plasma using modern molecular genetic approaches is a relevant research task. The walnut samples collected by Tsitsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS) are of particular importance for breeding practice aimed at increasing winter freezing tolerance of plants. The seed material for this collection was introduced from different regions of the former Soviet Union, including Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Belarus, as well as regions of Russia. The MBG RAS collection presents interest as a breeding material for mobilizing the genetic resources and replenishing the gene pool of the South of Russia with new, economically valuable walnut varieties. This work aims to analyze the genetic diversity of a J. regia genotype sample, which includes the most valuable forms from the MBG RAS collection, in order to establish their genetic relationships with samples representing the walnut gene pool of the South of Russia. The genetic analysis of the studied walnut species and varieties was carried out using eight SSR markers: WGA001, WGA376, WGA069, WGA276, WGA009, WGA202, WGA089, and WGA054. The polymorphism of microsatellite DNA markers established during genotyping indicated a high heterogeneity between the MBG RAS walnut sample and genetic resources in other regions. An analysis of genetic relationships using UPGMA and PCoA clustering methods revealed the genetic isolation of most samples in the MBG RAS collection from walnut varieties in the South of Russia. The most genetically distant samples in the MBG RAS collection were found to be 199, 196, 236, 256, 106, and 134. Therefore, these samples should be introduced in the gene pool of North-Caucasus Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Wine-making and Nikitsky Botanical Garden with the purpose of increasing the heterogeneity of their gene pools.

COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POTAMOGETON PERFO-LIATUS L. (POTAMOGETONACEAE) GROWING IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

For the first time, the component composition of the low-molecular-weight metabolome of perfoliate pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus L., family Potamogetonaceae), which grows in the Astrakhan region (lower zone of the Volga river delta), has been investigated. Low molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) in the composition of essential oil were obtained from dried plants by steam hydrodistillation using the Clevenger apparatus. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the LMWOCs were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS complex TRACE ISQ (Thermo Scientific) with a quadrupole mass analyzer). The low molecular weight metabolome of P. perfoliatus contained 164 components, of which 151 were identified. Major LMWOCs were carboxylic acids – tetradecanoic (69.7%) and hexadecanoic (10.1%), as well as phytol (3.4%) and phyton (1.4%), characterized by diverse biological activities. The antioxidant activity of an aqueous-alcoholic extract of P. perfoliatus was investigated by a photometric method based on the reaction of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) dissolved in ethanol with an antioxidant sample. It has been shown that P. perfoliatus extract has more pronounced antioxidant properties than the tested drugs (ascorbic acid and emoxipine). P. perfoliatus from the lower zone of the Volga River delta can be considered as a naturally renewable resource for obtaining raw materials for creating effective composites of new generation algicides to combat cyanobacterial "bloom", as well as for obtaining valuable natural forms of LMWOCs of plant origin for various types of application in pharmacology, medicine, cosmetology, food industry, and other industries.

The use of DNA markers in soybean breeding to select photoperiod-neutral lines

The results of using DNA markers in the soybean breeding process to select photoperiod-neutral lines are presented. The studies were carried out in the foothill zone of the south-east of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of the scientific field station of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing in the conditions of 2020. The material for the study was 22 samples of soybean from ultra-early ripening (MG000) to middle late ripening (MGIII) groups used as parental forms for crosses and their 67 hybrid populations (generation F2-F4). DNA identification of the allelic variation of the E1, E3, E7 genes was carried out by PCR method using SSR markers. According to the results of DNA identification, ten samples of the most valuable parental forms of soybeans (carriers of two recessive alleles in the homozygous state e1e7) and 1 sample (the Maleta variety) carrying three recessive alleles e1e3e7 were identified. Based on the marker-associated selection from 355 individual plants of 67 hybrid populations, 9 plants carrying valuable recessive alleles e1e3e7 were isolated from such combinations as Zara x Maleta (hybrid population numbers: 1, 2, 7, 15) and Birlik x Rana (P-1) and 107 plants carrying valuable recessive е1е7 alleles from such populations as: Zara × Maleta (hybrid population numbers: 1, 9, 7, 13), Birlik x Hilario (P-10), Birlik × Toury (P-6), Birlik x Memory YuGK (P-5, M15 /2, M15/3, M15/4 and M20), Birlik x Pripyat (P-2), Lastochka × 234 (LT44/11, LT44/12). These samples can be sent for testing to the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the lines that are weakly sensitive to the photoperiod.

Types and economically valuable features of change produced by the gamma radiation before sowing the seeds by the M1 generation of the cotton plant

The presented article presents the results on the types of changes in the M1 generation plants of Ganja-160, Ganja-182 and Ganja-183 cotton varieties treated with γ-rays in different doses before sowing, and their economically valuable features. It was found that in addition to sterile, late-ripening, small-boll forms of plants, as well as large-boll, compact bush, fast-growing, high-fiber forms of economic value are found in plants altered by γ-radiation. The results showed that an increase in the γ-radiation dose leads to increasing in the percentage of variability, while parameters such as productivity, fiber yield and fiber length decrease compared to the control plant. Due to the special importance of productive, high fiber output, long-fiber, forms with high raw-cotton in one boll as a starting material, they were selected for use in next-generation plants. Thus, on the basis of them, it is possible to select economically valuable forms in future generations.

Invisible, unrecognised and undervalued: examining stories of unpaid work performed by older adults in their local neighbourhoods

Abstract Over the past 40 years, positive ageing discourses that speak to an expectation of continued productivity have gained prominence within research and policy. Such discourses have been critiqued as placing disproportionate value on the extension of older adults' working lives, while obscuring other valuable forms of work performed by older adults. Despite the emergence of theoretical conversations about the expansion of conceptions of work, few studies have adopted an explicit focus on the work performed by older adults within their neighbourhoods. Informed by conceptions of work positioned at the intersection of critical gerontology and critical feminism, we drew upon qualitative data from a larger ethnographic study, generated from 17 participants aged 65 and older, to examine: (a) the various forms and contributions of unpaid work that older adults carry out at the neighbourhood level, and (b) the ways in which older adults' representations of this work relate to dominant notions of productivity. Specifically, each participant engaged in three types of qualitative interviews, including additional spatial and visual data generation: (a) completing a narrative interview; (b) carrying a small Global Positioning System (GPS) device to automatically log locations, completing an activity diary and a follow-up interview; and (c) participating in a go-along interview or a photo elicitation interview. Our findings highlight a range of unpaid work performed by participants in their neighbourhood, including formal volunteering, informal caring and informal civic participation. Although these forms of work were, at times, discussed by participants as enabling social inclusion, significant tensions arose from the general lack of discursive and social value assigned to them. In particular, participants described being subject to overwhelming expectations placed on older adults, and women in particular, to carry out this work, with little recognition or acknowledgement of their contributions to the neighbourhood. Taken together, our findings suggest the need not only to diversify understandings of the forms of work perceived as aligning with productive contributions to society in older age, but also to attend to the invisible work performed by older adults within their neighbourhoods. Additionally, we propose a variety of ways organisations and communities that benefit from older adults' unpaid labour may enhance accessibility, thereby reducing the work done by older adults to negotiate tensions between ableist expectations for productivity and their ageing bodies.

Gentrification and everyday democracy

This article diagnoses a novel problem with gentrification: that it can hinder valuable forms of everyday democratic communication. In order to make this argument, I develop a democratic interpretation of Iris Marion Young's ‘ideal of city life’, according to which social differentiation is valuable because of the epistemic role that it plays in the production and circulation of diverse social perspectives. I then leverage that ideal to examine two kinds of spatial and demographic changes associated with gentrification: community disintegration in enclaves and homogenisation in public spaces. I argue that community disintegration in enclaves can make the production of social perspectives within disadvantaged communities more difficult. I then argue that homogenisation in public spaces can undermine the role of such spaces as sites of democratic performance for the wider circulation of social perspectives in the public sphere. Finally, I reflect on the reach of my argument for broader judgements about the permissibility of policies that foster or permit gentrification.

Results of the study of blue honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera Caerulea</i> L.) in Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery

The results of a long-term study of varieties and samples of blue honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea L. are presented in the conditions of the Moscow region. The purpose of the work is to identify sources of economically valuable traits. 56 domestic samples of various origins were studied. The most valuable forms for cultivation and further breeding work have been identified, which have large fruit, good fruit taste, lack of tendency to untimely awakening of the kidneys and shedding of fruits during ripening. These characteristics distinguish the varieties of medium-early and medium maturation - Lebedushka, Marina, Kuminovka, Lazurnaya, Moskovskaya 23, Gzhelskaya Early, medium-late and late maturation - Leningrad Giant, Julia, Violet. The Nizhny Novgorod Early variety and the Tatiana sample are the earliest, they are also sources of good fruit taste and are not prone to bud awakening in autumn, but their fruits crumble heavily when ripe.

GENETIC RESOURCE OF THE BLACKTHORN OR SLOE (PRUNUS SPINOSA L.) WITH VALUABLE ECONOMIC SIGNS FOR BREEDING ON YIELD AND QUALITY

The analysis of literature data allowed to highlight the importance of the plant Prunus spinosa L. as a valuable source material in the selection of stone crops and its fruits as raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Leading scientists have obtained a significant number of valuable forms and varieties of terrain, in particular in Ukraine created a variety Donets’kyy krupnyy, in the CIS such varieties as Desertnyy, Velykoplidnyy, Sverkhobilnyy, Sladkiy and others. The analysis of theoretical bases revealed that it is important in the selection of Prunus spinosa L. to involve wild species and forms with different ploidy, in particular the use of hexaploid Prunus spinosa L. avoids the stage of pentaploid hybrids in F1. It is noted that fruit juice called blackthorn or sloe is effective for the prevention of intestinal parasites, dysentery, nonspecific colitis, food poisoning, and also has antiviral and antibacterial properties, which is relevant during pandemics. Original data on the results of expeditionary research of the staff of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, conducted in the ecosystems of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. It is shown that as a result of analytical selection and fruitful cooperation with amateur gardeners, valuable source material of Prunus spinosa L. was selected and studied. Selected clones of Prunus spinosa L. were introduced to the hospital of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, where during 2017-2021 it was studied by morphological features and biological properties. It was found that the forms selected in the conditions of Polissya and Northern Forest-Steppe are characterized by tallness (over 2.5 m), resistance to low negative temperatures, large-fruitedness and increased fruit weight (Nosivs’ky 1-17, Nosivsk’y 2-17, Horokhivs’ky 1-20). Forms selected in the conditions of both Western and Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are characterized by short stature (height up to 1.6 m), absence of thorns, resistance to moisture deficiency in spring and summer, yield and excellent taste and aroma of fruits (Brodivs’ky 17-19, Mukshans’ky 2-14, Poltava late, Halyts’ky 07-21, Poltavs’ky 2-17). Abundant fruiting of new forms of Prunus spinosa L. in 2021 allowed to harvest fruit from them and evaluate the morphological characteristics and biochemical parameters. The obtained data allowed to single out the most valuable in terms of fruit quality and suitability for food production.

The changes of economically valuable signs got under the influence of gamma-ryes

Relevance. The plants treated and modified under the influence of a physical mutagen of the Co60 isotope at doses of 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 20000 and 30000 r were grouped into types. Changes in such economically valuable features as yield per one bush, fiber yield, weight of raw cotton in one boll and fiber length under the influence of the Co60 isotope in experimental optionss were studied. With an increase in the dose of gamma rays, an increase in fiber yield was observed. In the AzNIHI-195 variety, when exposed to a lower dose of gamma rays (500 R) on seeds before sowing, the fiber yield was 35.9%, at a high dose (30,000 R) — 37.2%. Fiber yield varies depending not only on the variety, but also on the placement of the bolls on the bush. Forms with short and long fibers selected according to various options are of particular importance as a starting material and on their basis, in the next generation, it is possible to select forms with long fibers. The resulting economically valuable forms will be used as starting material in breeding work.Methods. The research studied the change in the mass of raw cotton of one boll under the influence of gamma rays on seeds. The results of the impact of gamma rays on the seeds of varieties AzNIKHI-104 and AzNIKHI-195 in M 1 shows a change in the mass of raw cotton in one boll. On this basis, sharp differences were obtained both in the effect of different doses of gamma rays among themselves, and in comparison with the control option. In the variety AzNIKHI-104 in M1, the obtained differences were at the ranges of 0.2–0.9 gr. At a high concentration of mutagens, a sharp change in the average weight of one boll was observed.Results. In both varieties, an increase in the dose of the mutagen leads to an increase in both the mass and the yield of raw cotton fiber, while the yield of raw cotton in one bush decreases. When exposed to high doses, low-yielding, semi-sterile and sterile plants are obtained, and the length of the fiber increases at low doses. A similar result is observed in both cotton varieties.

Морфологические показатели крон лещины в горных лесах

Common hazel is valuable for its nutritional and medicinal properties and its ability to provide soil conservation functions. However, the morphological characteristics of this plant have not been studied sufficiently. The research purpose is to identify features of significant morphological characteristics of crowns of nut-bearing hazel plants, to assess the biological diversity of these characteristics at different heights, under the forest canopy and on the glades for further detection of forestry and ecological functions of this plant, and to select ornamental and other economically valuable forms. The nut-bearing hazel plants growing in the mountain forests of the North-Western Caucasus at the altitude of 450–600 and 1,300–1,500 m above the sea level under the forest canopy and on the glades were the objects of the research. We studied the diameters of the central and three largest trunks, the crown and the base of the bush, its height, the number of shoots up to 4 years old and older, the total number of shoots in the bush, the density and shape of the crown. We examined 200 ramets that had entered the fruiting stage. The diversity index was calculated according to the authors’ method (Sukhorukikh-Biganova). At the altitudes of 1,300–1,500 m above the sea level, under better humidification compared to the sites located at the altitude of 450–600 m, hazel has statistically reliable better development of average diameters of the central and three main trunks and crown, higher total number of shoots up to 4 years old and older. Hazel trees have superior crown and bush base diameters, greater number of shoots up to 4 years old and older, the total number of shoots in the bush on the glades in conditions of good light compared to those under the forest canopy. Here the plants are more likely to form bushes with a spreading and thick crown. The upper sites showed a significantly higher diversity index for the average diameter of the three largest trunks of the hazel bush and the highest number of shoots older than 4 years. There is a significantly superior difference in the morphological diversity index for the average diameter of the bush base, the number of shoots up to 4 years old and older, the total number of shoots, and crown density on the glades compared to the sites under the forest canopy. In terms of crown shape, the diversity index is higher under the forest canopy than on the glade. The generalized indices of diversity of quantitative, qualitative and general morphological characteristics of hazel bushes did not differ significantly at different heights, under forest canopy and on the glades.

Cryopreservation methods for in vitro potato crops: an overview

Potato is considered as one of the most important agricultural crops in the world. The genetic resources of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) and similar cultivated varieties are preserved by storing tubers or plants in vitro and cryopreservation. Arrays of worldwide scientific research centers utilize the cryopreservation method to preserve plant genetic resources. It is used especially for those plants that are reproduced by vegetative method; it is impossible to preserve genetic identity of their material when propagating by seeds. Currently, international standards of gene banks have been developed (FAO, Gene bank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2014) for the long shelf life of samples of vegetative propagated plants and vegetable crops at ultra-low temperatures. These standards have been discussed by scientists from many countries in the world. It is connected with the fact that no cryopreservation methods are standardized for a particular plant object. Present overview provided information on various methods of cryopreservation of potatoes for long-term storage of the gene pool of vegetative reproduction. The most updated methods included quick–freeze: encapsulation-dehydration, vitrification, slow programmable freezing, encapsulation-vitrification, and droplet-vitrification. All these biotechnological methods made it possible to obtain healthy potato material, which was free from viral and fungal infections. They also facilitate to obtain test tube plants in large quantities, as well as to create large cryocollections of valuable forms of cultivated plant crops.

Estimation of the initial material of spring barley in the Rostov region

The current paper has presented the study results of the collection samples of spring barley. The purpose of the study was a comprehensive research of the collection of spring barley varieties and lines of various ecological and geographical origin in order to identify the most valuable economic and biological forms for targeted use in breeding programs of the department of barley breeding and seed production in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2017–2019. The objects of the study were 85 spring barley samples. The collection seed-plot was formed from the best varieties of breeding institutions in various regions, most of which were the varieties of domestic breeding (FSBSI FRC All-Russian Institute of genetic resources of plants named after N.I. Vavilov, FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy, FSBSI “National Center of grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko”, FSBSI North-Caucasus FSAC, etc.), as well as the varieties of the European Union (England, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia), Canada, Belarus, Ukraine. The sowings were carried out in a row method with a row spacing of 15 cm with the Wintersteiger Plotseed seeder; the plots were seven-row, with an area of 10 m2 . The seeding rate was 450 germinated seeds per 1 m² without repetitions. The standard variety ‘Ratnik’ was sown every 20 numbers in the seed-plot. The forecrop was sunflower. There were made phenological observations, estimated varieties’ resistance to lodging and diseases, assessed productivity and conducted structural analysis of plants in points according to the estimation system of the main economically valuable traits given in the Methodological recommendations for studying the world barley and oats collection (2012). As a result, there were identified the following varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, as ‘Kazer’, ‘Azov’, ‘Tan 1’, ‘Divny’, ‘Chelyabinsky 99’, ‘Khadzhibey’, ‘Raushan’, ‘Agat’, ‘Suzdalets’, ‘Bagrets’, ‘Rus’, ‘Elf’, ‘Rakhat’ (Russia); ‘Nord 071111’, ‘Obolon’, ‘Odessa 22’, ‘Donetsk 14’, ‘Donetsk 15’ (Ukraine); ‘Perun’, ‘Prestige’ (Czech Republic); ‘Viking’, ‘Philadelphie’ (Germany). The identified varieties are going to be used in further breeding programs of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”.

Оценка межвидовых гибридов смородины черной в Якутии

Abstract. The results of the study of interspecific black currant hybrids are presented by the method of distant hybridization created in Central Yakutia. Six high-yielding, large-fruited and powdery mildew resistant Altai varieties were crossed with local varieties, which are based on the following currant species – R. dikuscha Fisch. ex Turcz, Ribes pausiflorum Turcz. ex Pojark. and R. procumbens Pall. to develop new adapted varieties. The aim of the research is to evaluate interspecific hybrids of black currant and promising forms to identify for the conditions of Central Yakutia. Objectives are to study the resistance of black currant hybrids to winter damage, powdery mildew and kidney mites; fruitful forms identify; the sources of positive signs and valuable promising forms highlight. Methods. The work was carried out in accordance with the program and methodology of variety study and selection of fruit, berry and nut crops. The hybrids were evaluated in the field against a natural background. Scientific novelty. New sources of economically valuable traits and promising hybrids for black currant breeding in Yakutia will be identified. Results. 13 sources of winter hardiness, 5 - yield were selected as a result of the study of black currant hybrids. A high yield of hybrids immune to powdery mildew was observed in 4 families, and to a kidney mite in 5 families. The selected sources of valuable traits and crossbreeding combinations will be further used in the work on black currants to create a new breeding material. The selected sources of economically valuable traits will be used in the future in the selection of black currants to create a new source material. Two promising forms of black currant distinguished themselves - 1-12-13 (Altayskaya pozdnyaya × Pamyati Kyndyla) and 2-9-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Khara Kytalyk) according to the complex of features. They are of interest and will be studied for practical breeding.

Новации наставничества в стратегии повышения качества кадровой обеспеченности минерально-сырьевой базы России

In contemporary Russian practices, mentoring is a multifaceted innovative 'human resource technology' aimed at developing professional skills and corporate competencies, as well as systematic and targeted participation in professional development of employees who have insufficient work experience or have difficulties in mastering new technologies and work techniques. Today, the institution of mentoring is an open industrial, educational and social space where the mentor transfers not only readymade ways to solve production problems, but also teaches how to use available intellectual and material resources. Although the mentoring process in its traditional sense does not require large financial investments, most business entities, industrial enterprises and companies are more actively using training, coaching techniques and various forms of internships, which are valuable forms of professional development of employees, but, as our research has shown, they do not have the potential that the targeted on-the-job mentoring possesses. With all the variety of forms and programmes of mentoring activities, there is a clear lack of innovative ideas aimed at improving its efficiency, which fully applies to the mentoring of students who take their work placements during vocational education, which is the subject of the research presented in this article. The literature and research studies do not fully analyse the potential of the third mission of universities regarding the issue of targeted mentoring aimed at more proactive and advanced applied training of graduates, capable of responding to "the great challenges". The article highlights the mentoring models used in foreign companies, which are similar to the types of mentoring technologies successfully implemented by Russian enterprises.

Cognitive and quantitative approaches to Islamic studies: Integrating psychological, socioeconomic, and digital‐cultural statistics

AbstractThe past 3 decades have witnessed growing efforts to rethink areas of inquiry traditionally dominated by the humanities. One such area is religion, and, by extension, “Islamic studies” (i.e., the study of Islam and Muslim societies). Recent efforts to rethink religion and Islamic studies draw insights from cognitive science, and also frequently employ quantitative approaches. Such approaches make use of psychological statistics, socioeconomic statistics, and statistical data extracted from massive collections of digitized cultural artifacts (e.g., texts, photos, sound recordings). These types of statistical data make it possible to quantitively describe long‐term global psychological, socioeconomic, and cultural trends; explain how these trends relate to one another; and explain how these trends relate to Muslim societies. This article introduces the emerging lines of research mentioned above. Furthermore, it suggests that these lines of research open the way for a new more ambitious and more interdisciplinary Islamic studies – one which builds on valuable forms of humanities expertise while integrating the best insights from non‐humanities fields.