Valparaiso University Research Articles

Fungible, Multiyear Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Demonstrated via the Cobalt Oxide Cycle

Abstract We present a proof of concept demonstration of solar thermochemical energy storage on a multiple year time scale. The storage is fungible and can take the form of process heat or hydrogen. We designed and fabricated a 4-kW solar rotary drum reactor to carry out the solar-driven charging step of solar thermochemical storage via metal oxide reduction–oxidation cycles. During the summer of 2019, the solar reactor was operated in the Valparaiso University solar furnace to effect the reduction of submillimeter cobalt oxide particles in air at approximately 1000∘C. A particle collection system cooled the reduced particles rapidly enough to maintain conversions of 84–94% for feed rates of 2.9−60.8gmin−1. The solar-to-chemical storage efficiency, defined as the enthalpy of the reduction reaction at 1000∘C divided by the solar energy input, reached 20%. Samples of the reduced cobalt oxide particles were stored in vials in air at room temperature for more than 3 years. The stored solar energy was released by reoxidizing samples in air in a benchtop reactor and by electrochemically reoxidizing samples to produce H2. Measurements of the oxygen uptake by the reduced metal oxide confirm its promise as a medium to store and dispatch solar energy over long durations. Linear sweep voltammetry and bulk electrolysis demonstrate the promise of H2 production at 0.55 V relative to the normal hydrogen electrode, 0.68 V below the 1.23 V potential required for conventional electrolysis.

Voices Long Silenced: Women Biblical Interpreters Through the Centuries by Joy A. Schroeder and Marion Ann Taylor

Reviewed by: Voices Long Silenced: Women Biblical Interpreters Through the Centuries by Joy A. Schroeder and Marion Ann Taylor Amanda Brobst-Renaud Voices Long Silenced: Women Biblical Interpreters Through the Centuries. By Joy A. Schroeder and Marion Ann Taylor. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2022. 355 pp. The authors pursue the voices of women biblical interpreters, both Jewish and Christian, throughout the centuries. They identify many firsts among women interpreters and reveal the lengths to which women went to express their understandings of scripture in [End Page 200] various media, including diary entries, pamphlets, commentaries, devotional writings, and art. The book identifies the ways women interpreters have striven for justice and liberation, and deftly critiques places wherein women's interpretations have promoted racist, colonialist, or paternalistic ideologies. While the authors readily admit that their collaboration does not address every opportunity for examination (281), their volume draws together the voices of female biblical interpreters across the centuries, setting the stage for future projects. The work of the earliest women biblical interpreters has, by and large, been lost. The authors' "imaginative strategies to retrieve the lost voices" (2) may leave their readers wishing for firmer ground. Nevertheless, there is sufficient evidence to see the early tendences of women interpreters. Among these are efforts to "protect the delicate egos of male clergy" by giving a male credit for interpretations (22). Similarly, Hildegard of Bingen "use[s] diminutive language and references to her feminine 'weakness'" (30), and Margery Kempe presents herself as "unlettered" (51–52). The tendency for women interpreters to soften or diminish their interpretations to avoid suspicion or scrutiny becomes a consistent theme throughout the book. By contrast, there are also women interpreters who assert their abilities as exegetes, insisting that their work is not idle chitchat (69). Christian women used the Bible to defend their ability to interpret it, arguing that women are the paragons of discipleship in the Gospels (75) and that responsibility for the fall belonged to Adam primarily and Eve secondarily (101). Women interpreters also engaged in spreading their interpretations through pamphlets in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. Some defended male interpreters, as in the case of Marie Dentière's defense of John Calvin (74), while some demonstrated their own interpretive prowess, as in the case of Rachel Speght, who argued for muzzling men rather than women (102) in response to misogynistic interpretations of the Bible. Women also set the stage for feminist and anti-colonialist movements. Margaret Fell asserted women's capacity as preachers in 1666 (130). Rikvah bat Meir's interpretations garnered her recognition as an adept interpreter of scripture [End Page 201] and as "a female rabbi" (80). African women in the seventeenth century anticipated resistance to colonialism and anti-colonialist interpretations. Walatta Petros was known as an "archdeaconness" (118), and Kimpa Vita argued that it was wrong to install images of a white Jesus in churches (120). Phillis Wheatley, an enslaved West African woman, spread her interpretations through poetry, condemning the slave trade and arguing for the full dignity of African bodies, anticipating Jarena Lee's preaching in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This book is an accessible and well-researched volume that demonstrates women interpreters' voices have not been silent, even if their contributions were lost, diminished, or ignored. Although this work focuses on interpreters through the early modern period, the authors trace the developments of access to education, ordination, and the ways women's interpretations made way for new critical analyses of the Bible in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. At times, modern women interpreters have been unaware of their historical antecedents (279). This volume reminds one that, though women's interpretive journeys may be lonely and isolating, their paths are not untrodden. The gift of this book is that it models the ways marginalized voices might be brought to prominence while simultaneously holding readers responsible for their privilege, blind spots, and prejudice. Amanda Brobst-Renaud Valparaiso University Valparaiso, Indiana Copyright © 2023 Johns Hopkins University Press and Lutheran Quarterly, Inc.

ACCelerator Advances Student Success Through an Innovative Learning Space at Austin Community College: An Interview with Curtiss Stevens

Curtiss Stevens, is the executive dean of the ACCelerator and Strategic Initiatives at AustinCommunity College (ACC). In 2019, Curtiss was awarded the President’s Leadership ExcellenceAward and the John and Suanne Roueche Excellence Award for outstanding leadership, service, anddedication to ACC. Curtiss holds a bachelor's degree in Geography from Valparaiso University, a master's degree in Geographic Education and Research from Western Michigan University, and pursued doctoral studies in Economic Geography at Indiana State University. He has amassed over 2 decades of experience in the field of higher education, serving in various capacities such as admissions and financial aid, student affairs, international education, academic and life skills training, grants and fundraising, curriculum, and athletics. His previous employments include positions at Valparaiso University, Western Michigan University, Indiana University, and Purdue University. Apart from teaching Geography and Geosciences, he has also worked as an Executive Director of a Boys & Girls Club and as a TV personality. The ACCelerator, at Austin Community College (ACC) Highland’s campus, is a 32,000-square-foot space that fosters dynamic learning. The ACCelerator features classrooms, study rooms, and numerous computer pod stations that can be reserved by ACC faculty and staff for a variety of purposes. The ACC Highland campus serves over 8,000 students, with over 17,000 student visits to the Highland ACCelerator per year. The ACCelerator features innovative teaching and instruction, learning support services, student support services, and community engagement, which provides an engaged student-centric customer service vision.

Arthur Carl Piepkorn: Chaplain to the Greatest Generation by John Hannah

Reviewed by: Arthur Carl Piepkorn: Chaplain to the Greatest Generation by John Hannah Matthew L. Becker Arthur Carl Piepkorn: Chaplain to the Greatest Generation. By John Hannah. Delhi, New York: ALPB Books, 2020. 88 pp. Other than Jaroslav Pelikan, Arthur Carl Piepkorn (1907–1973) was the most erudite and influential historical theologian to have taught at Concordia Seminary St. Louis in the twentieth century. [End Page 212] He served on that faculty between 1951 and his forced retirement in 1973, an event that likely contributed to his death that same year. Not only did he teach and write brilliantly on a broad range of theological topics, he also served with great distinction as a chaplain in the United States Army. Indeed, Piepkorn's influence on the Army chaplaincy after 1945 is hard to overestimate. His "after-action report" about chaplains in the European theater led to significant and enduring reforms. John Hannah, who studied under Piepkorn and was encouraged by him to become an Army chaplain (retiring at the rank of colonel), divides his book into three parts. The first and largest section covers Piepkorn's appointment as an Army chaplain in 1936, his rapid advancement in Europe during and after the Second World War, his after-action report, and his service in the Army Reserve (Office of Chief of Chaplains) between 1951 and 1967. Hannah demonstrates how Piepkorn's military service fit well with his interest in ecumenism and led directly to the writing of his posthumously published multi-volume magnum opus, Profiles in Belief (1977–79). While Hannah's second section offers a very positive assessment of Piepkorn's chaplaincy and his role in paving the way for other Lutheran chaplains to rise to high levels of leadership across all military branches, the final part contains the address that Piepkorn delivered at the first annual training conference of Army chaplains in 1969. Given at the height of the Vietnam War, when many Americans were questioning the legitimacy and legality of the military chaplaincy, Piepkorn's address provides an abiding rationale for such a ministry "pro deo et patria." Despite the book's interesting anecdotes (for example, about Piepkorn's work as a translator for General Eisenhower) and its helpful insights into a humble, diaconal approach to military chaplaincy, the book is hagiographic and occasionally repetitive. As much as we should appreciate Piepkorn's life and service, one wonders if the man was totally bereft of faults or weaknesses. This important theologian deserves a larger biography, one that would allow for deeper, more critical analysis of his life and work. (A model for that would be Tim Townsend's book on Henry Gerecke, another Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod chaplain: Mission at Nuremberg, [End Page 213] 2014.) Still, for anyone who wants to learn about a model military chaplain from the past century, this book is a good place to start. Matthew L. Becker Valparaiso University Valparaiso, Indiana Copyright © 2022 Johns Hopkins University Press and Lutheran Quarterly, Inc.

Improving Retention of Commuter STEM Students through Undergraduate Research

Student retention is important to any university, especially keeping commuter students who are traditionally less anchored in campus life. Even more at risk, given the leaky STEM pipeline, are STEM commuter students. In 2016, Valparaiso University launched the Establishing Practices Integrating Commuter Students (EPIC) program, centered around engaging students in undergraduate research. Students participate in a research laboratory for their four academic years, and take part in one summer of funded research. This program has achieved its goal of providing scholarships, research opportunities, and cohort support to over 30 commuter and residential students while preparing them for research-oriented careers. This article shares successes and lessons learned, along with data demonstrating the program’s impact on broadening participation in STEM and increasing retention.

Counting Christmas Trees

Many colleges have regularly occurring math seminars or math club meetings that seek to deepen students’ knowledge and interest in mathematics through engaging activities. At Valparaiso University,...

Unity over Unison: Creating AntigoneNOW in Lockdown:

Devised from Sophocles’ Antigone, in Seamus Heaney’s translation, a cast of twelve women––each in isolation, each playing Antigone––filmed themselves on their mobile phones, iPads, and video cameras, together forming a chorus that portrays Antigone’s defiance of the law forbidding her to bury the body of her dead brother. During 2020–21, AntigoneNOW screened at UC Davis, Cairo International Festival of Experimental Theatre, Northwestern University’s Wirtz Center for the Performing Arts, London School of Sound, Michael Chekhov Association USA, Valparaiso University, Louisiana State University, SPE Media Festival and The International Online Theatre Festival 2021. In rehearsals, we worked physically through sensations of the body. Since we were not there when the actors recorded the scenes, they had to start thinking about themselves and their bodies as a place in conversation with the actual material environment around them. Place is fragmented and dispersed across the world: me in my study in London, Margaret in her home in Sacramento, Roger in Chicago, and the actors in their countries and time zones.

A Network for Advancing Dendrochronology, Dendrochemistry and Dendrohydrology in South America

Tree-ring research (TRR) in South America (SA) continues to make important contributions in multiple sub-disciplines, including dendrochemistry and dendrohydrology. This report describes some of the advances in TRR in SA presented in a two-day International Meeting Research entitled “An International Network to Promote Advances in Dendrochronology in South America”, organized by the Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Environmental Studies of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso in Valparaiso, Chile, on January 21–22, 2019. The objective of the meeting was to communicate recent advances in TRR within a network of laboratories in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. Novel methodologies and results in dendrochemistry and wood anatomy were also presented by collaborating researchers from German institutions. This report describes some of the research within the subdisciplines of tree-ring science, including dendrochemistry, anatomy and dendrohydrology, and their application to understanding spatio-temporal variability in heavy metal contamination, climate, hydrology, fire regimes and other critical components of South American forest and woodland ecosystems. The meeting demonstrated expansion and diversification of inquiry and applications of TRR in SA, whereby collaboration across research centers has been critical for the advances made in broad-scale comparative studies as well as multi-proxy approaches and the study of global and hemisphere-scale climate phenomena.

Apresentação: ensino-aprendizagem e experiências

Esta edição conta com 11 trabalhos organizados em artigos investigativos, iniciação científica e relatos de experiência. Temos 7 artigos científicos, 4 de diferentes instituições brasileiras (Universidade de Brasília, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Universidade Anhanguera, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Universidade Federal do Pará) e 3 artigos estrangeiros oriundo de 6 universidades (Universidade de Girona, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Valparaiso, Universidade Católica do Maule, Universidade de Granada, Universidad de O´Higgins, Universidade de Zaragoza).Divulgamos ainda duas iniciações científicas, uma do estado de Manaus , desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de Manaus e a outra oriunda do estado de Minas Gerais, desenvolvida na Universidade federal de Itajubá.Os dois relatos de experiência dos estados são oriundos do estado de Minas Gerais , um da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro e a outra da Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais. De modo geral, identificamos que os artigos apresentam investigações que poderão aprimorar os aspectos relevantes ao ensino , assim como também o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Há bons experiencias investigativas e relatos que podem contribuir com reflexões para o desenvolvimento de novos planejamentos e futuras investigações. Diante do exposto, desejamos uma boa leitura à todos. EditoresEdvonete Souza de AlencarAldrin Cleyde da CunhaTiago Dziekaniak Figueiredo Adriana Fátima de Souza Miola

Recipe for Successful Meteorology Majors: Are Incoming Test Scores Indicative?

AbstractMany high school students with a passion for meteorology visit college campuses each year, inquiring about program details and learning of the rigorous math requirements and somewhat daunting attrition risk. The natural question for many is, “Can I do it?” To address this question, the study herein has investigated the sensitivity of meteorology major outcomes at Valparaiso University to incoming test scores (based on 2008–14 first-year cohorts). These former students are classified as meteorology alumni (MET Degree), graduates of other programs (Other VU Degree), and those who left the University (Left VU). There is an additional performance classification, which indicates students who completed the program in good standing (On Track), students that completed the program with greater difficulty (Below Track), those who left the program in good academic standing (Left On Track), and those who left the program after not doing well (Left Below Track). Results indicate that incoming test scores are indeed indicative of student outcomes, with a substantially greater likelihood of being On Track and graduating with the MET Degree among students with higher incoming ACT scores. Among students who Left Below Track, signs of academic challenges typically appear within first semester calculus and/or the introductory meteorology course. Higher admission standards would increase retention and graduation rates, but at a cost of barring admission for some students who have been successful in the program.

Revistas de estudiantes: conflictos y avances en la afirmación de la arquitectura moderna en Chile

<p>Las revistas publicadas por estudiantes de arquitectura a finales de los años cuarenta y principios de los<br />cincuenta –Plinto en la Universidad Católica, los boletines del Centro de Estudiantes y Nueva Visión en<br />la Universidad de Chile, y Arquitectura en la Universidad Católica de Valparaíso– muestran las alternativas<br />de la afirmación de la arquitectura moderna en Chile en el contexto de las transformaciones de<br />las estructuras de la enseñanza.</p>

Evidence-Based Control Engineering Education: Evaluating the LCSD Simulation Tool

The advance in control engineering education needs well-designed studies that validate what methods and tools work best. This paper addresses the lack of empirical evidence supporting innovations in control engineering education by proposing a methodology that works at different abstraction levels. Hence, innovations' impact on students' performance can be statistically analyzed either globally or locally by examining competencies or fine-grained indicators, respectively. The article reports the application of the methodology for evaluating an interactive simulation tool, named LCSD, on 101 students at the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso in Chile. According to the experimental results, LCSD is an effective free alternative to enhance the student's skills on control system analysis for our automatic control course. Also, some improvements have been identified for future LCSD versions.

El concepto de Pintura no albergada y su práctica en la Escuela de Arquitectura de Valparaíso (1969-1992)

Este artículo investiga la noción de Pintura no albergada, planteada por el pintor, arquitecto y profesor Francisco Méndez Labbé en la Escuela de Arquitectura y el Instituto de Arte de la Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. El concepto surgió desde un cuestionamiento de los medios tradicionales de la pintura a través de un abandono paulatino de la superficie, idea que se inserta dentro de una trayectoria mayor en donde el artista buscó tanto un desprendimiento del soporte como una relación con el entorno.Si bien fue formulado en 1979, cuando Méndez impartió un taller con ese nombre, las experiencias que cuestionaron el medio comenzaron con los “signos” realizados en los actos poéticos en la década de los sesenta y prosiguieron con murales abstractos hechos entre 1969 y 1973 en Valparaíso y los ejercicios de Pintura no albergada, llevados a cabo en Ciudad Abierta (Ritoque) y en viajes por Chile. Durante los noventa, se desarrollaron también en el Museo a Cielo Abierto y en las acciones de pintura digital. Pese a su diversidad, estas propuestas están aunadas por la supresión de los límites y el cuestionamiento del medio, lo que lleva a sugerir un vínculo con la noción de campo expandido definida por Rosalind Krauss. Las ideas de Krauss fueron introducidas a la Escuela de Arquitectura por Claudio Girola, quien las vinculó con su trabajo. Méndez, por su parte, no citó el texto, pero —como se demostrará a través de sus escritos y ejercicios— hay en su obra una reflexión sobre la teoría del campo expandido. Se propone que este arquitecto logró adaptar el planteo de la historiadora norteamericana a su obra, sugiriendo un análisis de la pintura que superara la especificidad medial para relacionarse con el entorno gracias a un soporte ya no bidimensional y rígido, sino abierto y ambiguo.

DEPURACIONES DE LO AMORFO. MODELACIONES MORFOLÓGICAS EN BASE A PROCESOS DE CRECIMIENTO Y FRAGMENTACIÓN ESCALAR

El articulo revisa ciertas posibilidades de modelación pre-arquitectural, derivadas del paradigma morfológico-espacial proveniente de la tradición moderna en la arquitectura y arte, orientada a la liberación del espacio y la depuración de la forma, basada en la regulación de operaciones y procedimientos a partir de exploraciones morfológicas usualmente colindantes con lo amorfo o formas irregulares, que nos ofrecen las llamadas teorías de la Complejidad, propio de geometrías como los fractales, las teorías del Caos, los sistemas iterados, los lenguajes de patrones, la fragmentación escalar, la deconstrucción, el crecimiento modular, entre otras, las cuales progresivamente han sido asimiladas o exploradas en diversos sentidos y ángulos, desde la arquitectura, constituyendo un fértil campo de exploración contemporánea. En este marco, se plantea una revisión de casos planteados en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Valparaíso, discutiendo y revisando las implicancias para la modelación morfológica como herramienta pedagógica y de exploración formal.

Heliostat Attitude Control Strategy in the Solar Energy Research Facility of Valparaiso University

In this paper, a continuous tracking strategy for the heliostat in the James S. Markiewicz Concentrated Solar Energy Research Facility at Valparaiso University is developed. A model of the nonlinear dynamics of the heliostat motion is developed and the open-loop control strategy is presented. Asymptotic stability of the heliostat control using the Lyapunov and LaSalle’s theorems was proven. Simulations using the nonlinear dynamic model are presented and interpreted to identify the feedback gain that maximizes the time response of the heliostat without introducing oscillations in its motion. Finally, the control strategy is put to the test during summertime operation. The data presented show that the tracking strategy has an root mean square (RMS) tracking error of 0.058 mrad, where the error is defined as the difference between the desired and actual heliostat positions. Images of the aperture of a high-temperature solar receiver over 8 h of testing are also presented to qualitatively demonstrate the success of the tracking strategy.

Music as a Postoperative Pain Management Intervention

PAIN IS A COMMON and frequently reported effect of surgical intervention. The World Health Organization estimates 266 to 360 million surgeries are performed yearly. 1 Kuhlmann A. de Rooij A. Kroese L. van Dijk M. Hunink M. Jeekel J. Meta-analysis evaluating music interventions for anxiety and pain in surgery. Br J Surg. 2018; 105: 773-783 Crossref PubMed Scopus (130) Google Scholar Studies have shown that 40% to 65% of postoperative patients report moderate to severe pain. 1 Kuhlmann A. de Rooij A. Kroese L. van Dijk M. Hunink M. Jeekel J. Meta-analysis evaluating music interventions for anxiety and pain in surgery. Br J Surg. 2018; 105: 773-783 Crossref PubMed Scopus (130) Google Scholar The most common treatment for moderate to severe pain continues to be opioid medications because of immediate effects, multiple delivery forms, and ease of administration. The US Department of Health and Human Services has concerns with increasing opioid-related deaths and opioid use disorder, causing the medical community to rethink the approach to pain management regarding the use of opioid medications. 2 Health and Human ServicesWhat is the opioid epidemic?. https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/index.htmlDate: 2018 Date accessed: June 6, 2018 Google Scholar Michael J. Poulsen, DNP, RN, FNP-C, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center Mishawaka, IN Jeffrey Coto, DNP, MS-CNS, RN, CCRN, Valparaiso University, IN Maureen F. Cooney, DNP, FNP-BC, Pain Management, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY.

Impact of an Inclined Work Surface on the Measured Slump of Concrete

Abstract ASTM C143/C143M-15a, Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete, states that the slump test is to be conducted on a level work surface. However, the standard does not provide a method for determining if a work surface is level, a tolerance for levelness, or guidance on what to do in the event that a work surface is not level. More importantly, field technicians need to know at what angle(s) and slump(s), if any, an inclined work surface will significantly influence the measured slump. A study at Valparaiso University included 114 simultaneous measures of slump on a horizontal and separate inclined work surface. This study indicates that inclination angles greater than 6° will influence the outcome of a slump test for slumps of 5 to 7 in. (127 to 179 mm). There is no evidence of concrete “leaning over” for lower inclinations or slumps. At high angles and high slumps, the fluidity of the concrete negates any influence of the inclination. Consequently, it is recommended that ASTM Committee C09.60 on Fresh Concrete Testing add language to C143 requiring the slump test to be conducted on a work surface with an inclination less than 6°, which equates to a 1:9.5 gradient and 10.5 % slope, regardless of the slump of the concrete.

Comparing effects of a TPSR training program on prospective physical education teachers’ social goals, discipline and autonomy strategies in Spain, Chile and Costa Rica

ABSTRACTBackground: Conflict prevention, respect, tolerance and acceptance of others should be basic outcomes in any educational context. Physical Education (PE) has the potential to be one of the curricular subjects that could help students meet these goals. However, teachers need to use appropriate instructional approaches like Teaching for Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR).Purpose: The objectives of this study were two: (1) to compare the impact of TPSR training on social goals, discipline strategies and autonomy support of future PE teachers from Spain, Chile and Costa Rica; and (2) to assess participants’ perceptions of their country's social, cultural and curricular aspects that may influence TPSR implementation.Participants and settings: 156 prospective PE teachers (48 from Spain, 54 from Chile and 54 from Costa Rica), with an average age of 21.41 ± 2.57 years, agreed to participate. 88 (54%) were males, while 75 (46%) were female. They were enrolled in teacher training programs in three different universities located in three different countries: (i) Faculty of Education of the University of Burgos (Spain); (ii) Nursery School of the University of Valparaiso (Chile) and (iii) School of Physical Education and Sports of San José (Costa Rica). All students experienced the same TPSR intervention program, conducted by the same university teacher.Research design: This study followed a quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test non-equivalent research design with mixed methods.Data collection: Three validated questionnaires were used to obtain quantitative information from the participants before and after the training program. Qualitative information was obtained from three discussion groups conducted with the participating students (one from each country).Data analysis: Statistical analysis of quantitative data was conducted with the statistical package SPSS (version 22.0), while content analysis and constant comparison were used to assess qualitative data.Findings: The prospective PE teachers from the three countries held different views of the effects of the TPSR program on social goals, discipline strategies and autonomy support, and they were based on socio-cultural considerations of the subject (PE), the teachers’ academic training and their professional identity as teachers on each country. Spanish and Costa Rican PE teachers demonstrated a significant positive change in their perspectives on discipline strategies, and Chilean PE teachers demonstrated a significant positive change in their perception of social goals after experiencing a TPSR intervention.Conclusion: If cultural context is considered, TPSR can be an effective teacher training approach related to discipline strategies, social goals and autonomy support in PE.

Sampling Concrete from a Revolving Drum Truck Mixer

Abstract Acceptance testing of ready-mixed concrete occurs after the product has been delivered to the consumer in the field. The testing process commences with the collection of a relatively small but representative sample of the fresh concrete. ASTM C172/C172M, Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete, states that two or more portions of material should be collected at regularly spaced intervals during discharge of the middle portion of the batch. There is concern within the industry that field technicians are opting to obtain only one portion of concrete from the material initially discharged from a truck. A study undertaken at Valparaiso University investigated the first issue of collecting only one portion of concrete. The primary objective of this research was to determine if the measured properties for a single portion sample taken from the middle of a batch differ statistically from that for a two-portion sample also taken from the middle of the batch. Concrete was sampled 46 times across 11 different construction sites with fresh properties and 28-day compressive strength measured in each case. Construction projects were selected to provide a range of concrete mixture specifications, site conditions, and target property values. Findings indicate that it is not necessary to collect a sample of two or more portions from a revolving drum truck mixer. Rather, a single portion sample of concrete is sufficient for acceptance testing purposes.

Communal Formation at the Chapel of the Resurrection at Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana

The Chapel of the Resurrection at Valparaiso University is a laboratory of sorts. It is a Lutheran academic chapel and retains Lutheran liturgical tradition and Lutheran staff. Just as Valparaiso U...