Validity Index Research Articles

Identification and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Physicians‘and Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background: In Italy, the presence of a suitable instrument to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of intensive care physicians and nurses with respect to antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship could not be identified Objectives: To validate the Italian version of the Ashiru-Oredope tool used by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in 2019 to investigate intensive care nurses' and physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic resistance. Methods: Content validity was assessed using the Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) score, Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) score, and Average Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was then carried out together with cluster analysis (CA) to check the correspondence of the items with the eight subdivision domains of the scale. Results: The final version consisted of 55/60 deemed relevant items, with Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) scores ranging from 0,625 to 1. The Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) score was 0.43; the Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) 0.90. The mean CVR of the scale was 0.43. The inter-rater reliability (Cohen's K) was between good and excellent. The combination of MCA and CA confirmed the correspondence of the items with the domains. Conclusion: The Italian version is a reliable and valid instrument for investigating antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship among Italian intensive care nurses and physicians.

Patient Perceptions of Radiation Therapy Prior to Initial Consultation with a Radiation Oncologist

PurposeThere are currently limited data regarding patient perceptions and fears related to radiation therapy (RT). This study sought to identify and quantify patient concerns regarding RT and to determine the potential value of assessing these expectations prior to initial consultation. MethodsPatients with no prior history of RT were invited to complete an investigator-developed anonymous electronic survey prior to consultation. Patients were queried about their perceptions of RT and potential fears/concerns. The content validity index for survey items were scored with adequate construct validity. Survey items were scored descriptively through summary statistics. Relationships between respondent variables and responses to survey questions were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. ResultsFrom September 2020 through June 2022, 214 patients completed the survey and were included in the analysis. Fifty percent of respondents reported a complete lack of knowledge regarding RT. Twenty-seven percent of patients reported that RT is their most worrisome cancer treatment, compared to chemotherapy or surgery. The most common self-reported fears of RT included general side effects, skin burns, not knowing what to expect regarding RT, pain, and organ damage. The most frequently reported concerns of physical side effects of RT included pain (67%), memory loss (62%), nausea/vomiting (60%), and skin reactions (58%). Sixty-two percent of respondents reported being either moderately or very concerned about their ability to perform daily activities. Thirty-six percent of respondents reported at least moderate concern over the financial cost of RT. Twenty-six percent of respondents reported at least moderate concern regarding transportation to RT. Forty-eight percent of respondents reported concern about emitting radiation to others. ConclusionsPatient concerns related to RT toxicities and impact on daily life were common, as were misconceptions of RT. Pre-consultation assessment of patient expectations regarding RT is feasible and may be helpful in addressing patients concerns early and in real-time.

Measurement and Comparison of Different Dimensions of Renewable Energy Policy Implementation in the Agricultural Sector

The current research aims to measure the different dimensions of renewable energy policy implementation and compare these dimensions with each other, focusing on Iran's agricultural sector. This analysis makes it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses in implementing existing policies. The five dimensions include "organizational and institutional", "incentives", "investment", "infrastructure", and "human resources development". The statistical population of this research comprised energy policy experts, whose number was 85. The sampling method was random, and 70 persons participated in answering the questionnaire using the Karjesi and Morgan table. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.916). Face validity, content validity ratio (CVR), and content validity index (CVI) were applied to determine validity. In the calculation of CVR, values ≥0.33 were considered reasonable and appropriate to confirm each item. All CVI values obtained were higher than 0.79. Multi-criteria analysis was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that organizational and institutional policies were at the highest level of unsustainability. The dimension of investment policies showed less unsustainability than other dimensions. The other three dimensions also showed significant deficiencies. It seems that policy development to eliminate the diversity and interference of organizations, fuel subsidies revision, market policy development, attracting capital, and participation of stakeholders is necessary to reduce unsustainability in this field. The development of the resources of expert forces and attention to educational policies should also be considered.

Psychometric Measurements of the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scales Among Patients With HIV/AIDS in Indonesia

ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) among patients with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia. MethodsPsychometric analysis was conducted at 2 hospitals and 7 public health centers at the voluntary counseling and testing clinic. Content validity was measured by assessing the relevance and clarity of each ARMS item. Construct validity was also assessed. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. ResultsThis study involved 11 experts in the assessment of the content validity and 240 participants in the estimation of the construct validity. All ARMS items were generally considered easy to understand and relevant, with scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.9 (>0.78) and item-level content validity index (I-CVI) in the range from 0.5 to 1 for the relevance level and S-CVI/Ave of 0.95 (>0.78) and I-CVI in the range from 0.8 to 1 for the clarity level. Two items (numbers 2 and 3) were revised based on experts’ suggestions to enhance comprehension. Confirmatory factor analysis supported 2 subscales: adherence to taking medications and adherence to refilling prescriptions. Good reliability was supported by internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.793) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.722) for the overall adherence score. ConclusionsThe Indonesian version of ARMS is a valid and reliable medication adherence scale when used in Indonesian patients with HIV/AIDS.

Development and validation of the Fall Risk Assessment Scale for patients in rehabilitation hospitals: A methodological study.

Falling is a serious threat for patient safety in hospitals. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of fall amongst rehabilitation patients and to use them for developing and validating the Persian version of Fall Risk Assessment Scale (FRAS). The current methodological study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, based on the review of the literature and investigation of the medical records of 251 patients selected via purposive sampling, the risk factors of fall were extracted and the FRAS was developed accordingly. In the second phase, the face and content validities of the designed scale were determined by cognitive interview and Content Validity Index (CVI) and to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison was performed. Its inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the weighted Kappa Coefficient (κ*). The study adhered to COSMIN guidelines. Fall was significantly associated with disease diagnosis, used medications, history of fall, cognitive impairments, and three items of the Functional Independence Measure (toilet transfer, bed transfer, and shoer transfer). The CVI of the scale was 0.94. The risk for falls group had a significantly higher perceived fall risk than the no risk for falls group, thus establishing known-group validity. Its weighted kappa coefficient was >0.85, its sensitivity was 73%, and its specificity was 82%. The valid and reliable FRAS may accurately assess the level of Fall Risk patients in Rehabilitation wards, helping to predict fall during hospitalization. So, enabling the planning and implementation of effective caring interventions.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients

AimThis study aimed to adapt and validate the Korean version of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients, originally developed by Hejazi et al. in 2022, to ensure its applicability and validity in Korea. MethodsUsing both online and offline approaches, this study included 230 family caregivers. Data analysis was performed with SPSS AMOS version 29.0 using the Korean version of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients and the Korean version of the Zarit Burden Interview as the primary instruments. ResultsThe findings confirmed the high content validity of the questionnaire (scale-level content validity index = .99), and confirmatory factor analysis established its construct validity. Convergent validity was confirmed with average variance extracted values ranging from .43 to .87, and composite reliability scores ranging from .80 to .91. A significant positive correlation with the Korean version of the Zarit Burden Interview (r = .81) demonstrated concurrent validity. The tool consists of 21 items across four factors on a 5-point Likert scale, exhibiting excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .91) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .79). ConclusionsThis study validated a reliable instrument for assessing caregiver burden in families of hemodialysis patients in Korea. This tool accurately measures caregiver challenges and has the potential to enhance societal health and welfare.

Evaluating anxiety and self-confidence in nursing students: Adaptation and validation of the NASC-CDM scale for high-fidelity simulation training

BackgroundAnxiety and self-confidence impact performance and decision-making during high-fidelity simulation in nursing education. A validated tool to assess these factors is lacking. MethodsThe Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making© scale (NASC-CDM) was translated, adapted for high-fidelity simulation and validated using a five-step approach. This included a Content Validity Index review by experts and pilot-testing with first-year nursing students. Construct validity and internal consistency were evaluated using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach's alpha. ResultsA total of 187 first-year nursing students participated. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified constructs for anxiety (two factors, 60.72% variance) and self-confidence (three factors, 61.22% variance). The tool demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.956 for anxiety and 0.955 for self-confidence. ConclusionThe 19-item Dutch Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making for High-Fidelity Simulation scale is a valid and reliable instrument measuring anxiety and self-confidence in nursing students during high-fidelity simulation.

Development and reliability and validity testing of a medication literacy scale for medical college students

BackgroundIrrational drug use has become a global problem threatening human health. As future health professionals, medical college students’ medication literacy (ML) is critical. Their mastery of medication-related knowledge will directly affect public medication safety in the future.MethodsThe initial scale was developed through a literature review and was modified through expert consultation and student interviews to form the initial scale with 14 items. In 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among students in a medical college for item analysis, reliability test, validity test and other analyses.ResultsThe total Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.826 and split-half reliability was 0.852. The Cronbach’s α coefficients for functional medication literacy, communicative medication literacy, and critical medication literacy were 0.901, 0.858, and 0.851, respectively. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000 (≥ 0.78). Factor analysis of 14 items showed that KMO = 0. 852(> 0.7) and Bartlett’s spherical test p < 0.001, indicating that the data are very suitable for factor analysis. Three principal axis factors were extracted by principal component analysis, and the total variance interpretation rate was 69.031% (> 40%). The confirmatory factor analysis identified a three-factor model and showed goodness of fit indices for the scale: The χ²/df = 2.623, The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.905, The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.950, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.922, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.938, and The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.078.ConclusionA new scale for evaluating the medication literacy of Chinese medical college students was preliminarily developed, demonstrating good reliability and validity. Itcan be used as a preliminary measurement tool for assessing medical students’ medication literacy. However, due to the limitations of this study, the practical application of the scale needs to be further examined in a larger sample and should be refined in future studies.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND INTELLIGENCE ON PERFORMANCE OF ECONOMICS STUDENTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigated the relationship between creativity and intelligence on performance of Economics students of secondary schools in Benue State, Nigeria. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Population comprises of all 21,333 students offering Economics from 27 public secondary school in Benue State, Nigeria, and 377 were used as a sample size of the study. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and Standardized IQ test (Scores from Economics examinations) were used as instruments for data collection. The TTCT and Standardized IQ were validated and pilot tested, which yielded 0.79, 078 validity indexes for TTCT and Standardized IQ. In addition, the reliability indexes of 0.76 and 0.79 for TTCT and Standardized IQ. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer research question, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis was used for testing hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that, there is no significant relationship between creativity, performance of students offering Economics, there is a significant relationship between intelligence and performance of students offering Economics, and there is a significant relationship between creativity, intelligence and performance of students offering Economics secondary schools in Benue State. The study recommended that, schools should incorporate creative teaching strategies, organize workshops for teachers, and adopt comprehensive assessment methods to evaluate both intelligence and creativity, promoting a broader approach to academic excellence in Economics.

Translation and validation of the Indonesian version of the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire for Young and Adults Athletes (NUKYA)

Background. NUKYA was prepared to determine the level of sports nutrition knowledge among people teenagers and adults. Objective. This research aims to translate and validate NUKYA into Indonesian. Method. The Indonesian version of the NUKYA questionnaire was evaluated for content validity and reliability by 6 experts and 30 respondents. The content validity of the questionnaire is measured using the item content validity index and the scale content validity index. The validity and reliability of the instrument were assessed using Pearson Product Moment and Cronbach’s α value. Results. The Indonesian version of NUKYA has an I-CVI of 0.98 and an S-CVI/UA of 0.91; Cronbach’s α 0.74 Conclusions. The Indonesian version of NUKYA is valid and reliable for measuring the level of nutritional knowledge of adolescent and adult athletes in Indonesia.

Development, Content Validation and Usability of a Chatbot for Disseminating Scientific Information About Cannabis Among Young Adults

ABSTRACT Despite the high prevalence of cannabis consumption, there is limited information about cannabis based on scientific evidence available and targeted toward young adults, especially considering accessible language and ease of access. The present study aimed to develop the proof of concept of a chatbot for the dissemination of evidence and scientific information about cannabis, focused on a young adult audience. The proof of concept involved stages of literature review, conversation flow development, content evaluation through a panel of experts (n = 10) and usability analysis using a sample of potential users (young adults, n = 10). The chatbot developed presents information on epidemiology, toxicology, acute and chronic effects of cannabis use, information on cannabis use disorder, and the use of cannabinoids for medicinal purposes. The content evaluation through the Health Education Content Validation Instrument concluded that the tool was considered to have a good structure and content (Content Validity Index > 0,78; overall score = 9.0/10.0). The tool also proved to be functional and highly usable according to the analysis with the System Usability Scale (overall usability score = 9.2/10.0). Digital strategies such as chatbots can help in health education and scientific communication within stigmatized areas, such as the consumption of psychoactive substances.

Development and validation of a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) questionnaire for healthcare professionals on environmental sustainability in healthcare in Southern Africa

Background Global environmental degradation is increasingly driving poor health outcomes worldwide. Healthcare systems and services are often not environmentally sustainable and compound the problem, while healthcare professionals are also recognised as key leaders in advancing sustainable healthcare. To adopt this leadership position, healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding environmental sustainability in healthcare must be established. This article reports the development and validation of a new instrument for this purpose that corresponds to the specificities of the Southern African context. Methods Questionnaire development followed a seven-stage process. Information was obtained from a 2021 study titled ‘South African Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare: A Mixed-Methods Study’ to develop the instrument. Information was also sourced from the literature regarding environmental sustainability and healthcare to generate the first questionnaire with 29 items. The following stages included two rounds of expert input, separated by a pilot study with the target population to receive feedback regarding the instrument’s structure, relevance, and length. Content validity was determined through statistical analysis. Results Feedback was received from nine experts in stage two and 13 pilot-study participants in stage four and incorporated to improve the questionnaire. In stage six, the questionnaire was rated by seven experts. The content validity index of the questionnaire was calculated at two different stages, after which the indices were compared. Following a final edit, the questionnaire has 24 questionnaire items. The closing analysis calculated the scale content validity index average (S-CVI/Ave) of 0,922; this indicates that the final questionnaire has excellent content validity. Conclusion A questionnaire that assesses the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals regarding environmental sustainability in Southern Africa has been developed and validated. This questionnaire can now be used for further studies in Southern Africa.

Learning Innovation: PBL-STEM 4H Ecobrick material Teaching for 7th Graders to Enhance Ecoliteracy

Teaching materials that accommodate innovative learning to improve environmental literacy are currently essential. Development research has been conducted to develop and examine the effectiveness of ecobrick theme teaching materials in improving student ecoliteracy. The teaching materials are packaged with the PBL-STEM 4H model (project based learning- science, technology, engineering, and mathematics - head, heart, hand, and harmony). The research employs research and development method and ADDIE design (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). This research uses interview guidelines, observation questionnaire sheets, and environmental literacy instruments as research instruments. In the development stage, this research employs several science teachers in the Sukabumi Regency, as determined by purposive sampling. In the implementation stage, 7th-grade students of one secondary school in West Java were tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching materials in improving eco-literacy. Teaching materials were developed using PBL-STEM learning steps characterized by 4H values. The teaching materials' validation results show high validity with a feasibility score of 87.2, including a very valid category. The CVI (content validity index) and CVR (content validity ratio) indexes of 0.995 and 0.990 are included in the valid category. Teacher response to teaching materials reaches 90.05, including the outstanding category. The implementation results show that using the developed teaching materials during learning can improve student eco-literacy.

Resilience compass navigation through manufacturing organization uncertainty – A dynamic capabilities approach using mixed methods

In uncertain manufacturing environments, tools that help companies and supply chains navigate unexpected events and promote sustainability are crucial. However, the application of resilience in manufacturing organizations is limited, often focusing on supply chain resilience. This study used mixed methods to minimize subjectivity in manufacturing resilience. A quantitative Content Validity Index (CVI) helped develop the 'resilience compass' assessment tool, while empirical applications in six manufacturing organizations demonstrated its usefulness. The study identifies relationships between 54 resilience practices, 11 dynamic capabilities, and three stages: anticipation, coping, and adaptation, providing decision-makers with actionable insights to enhance manufacturing resilience.

Validity, Reliability, and Cultural Adaptability of the Arabic Cognitive Flexibility Scale (Ar-CFS) Among Saudi Arabians: A Two-Cohort Investigation.

Background/objectives: Cognitive flexibility is the mental skill that allows a person to shift between different ideas or concepts and think about several concepts simultaneously. A commonly used tool to assess cognitive flexibility is the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS). This study focused on translating and validating the CFS into Arabic, given the lack of existing Arabic tools for assessing cognitive flexibility. Methods: Conducted at King Saud University, Riyadh, between April and June 2024, the study employed random sampling and involved 529 participants, including 419 students and 110 patients. Results: The average participant age was 25.8 years, with females making up 56.9% of the sample. Participants completed the Arabic CFS, along with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), at two time points 3-6 weeks apart. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.8) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82). Item analysis indicated that removing any single item did not significantly impact overall reliability, and inter-item correlations were strongest between items 4 and 6 (0.55) and items 6 and 7 (0.51). Validity was assessed through face, content, and construct validity, with factor analysis revealing a dominant single component accounting for 34.4% of the variance, confirming the scale's unidimensionality. Content validity indices for all items exceeded 0.9 in terms of relevance, importance, simplicity, and clarity. The Arabic CFS demonstrated good construct validity, showing significant correlations with the ERQ's reappraisal and suppression dimensions and the PSS. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Arabic version of the CFS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive flexibility in Arabic-speaking populations. This tool will be valuable in both clinical and research settings within Saudi Arabia, offering a robust instrument for evaluating cognitive flexibility.

Comics as Engaging Tools for Teaching Geography

An educational comic is a graphic work that creates various characters focused on scientific elements as an approach to classroom learning. This study aimed to develop comics as a geography learning module for form four students on river formation and sustainability. This study employs two approaches: questionnaires for the quantitative method and document analysis for the qualitative method. The study analyzed two key documents: geography textbooks and the Curriculum Standard Documents and Assessment (DSKP). Distributing the questionnaire allowed the expert to validate and provide feedback on the applicability of comics. The analysis uses the content validity index (CVI) to evaluate content validity, while descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation) was used to test the applicability of comics. The study showed that the five experts’ CVI analysis of module content, teaching design, and technical requirements is high. Findings showed that the comics’ level of applicability is high and can be used as teaching aids during the teaching and learning process in geography lessons. The implications of the study of comics produced enable geography teachers to diversify the construction of comics in other topics, according to DSKP Geography.

Development, Content Validity and Usability of a Self-Assessment Instrument for the Lifestyle of Breast Cancer Survivors in Brazil.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally, and it negatively impacts diet and quality of life, increasing the risk of recurrence. Adhering to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) lifestyle guidelines, such as healthy eating habits and nutritional status, can help in primary and secondary cancer prevention. However, no questionnaire was found for self-assessment of these guidelines for the Brazilian population. The aim of this study is to carry out content validity, pilot, and usability testing of the self-administered digital instrument "PrevCancer" assessing adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations in Brazilian female breast cancer survivors. We conducted a psychometric study that involved the development of an instrument based on WCRF/AICR recommendations. Assessment of content validity involved the Content Validity Index (CVI) based on expert assessments (n = 7). The pilot study involved the System Usability Scale (SUS) after applying the developed instrument (n = 65) and anthropometric assessment for convergent validity by female participants (n = 55). The final usability test consisted of evaluating the satisfaction with the instrument of women with breast cancer (n = 14). The "PrevCancer" instrument demonstrated good content (CVI = 1.0) as well as good usability and acceptability in the pilot study (mean SUS score = 88.1). The convergent validity stage demonstrated positive associations between the PrevCancer parameters and anthropometric parameters (p < 0.001). In the final usability study (mean SUS score = 90.3), participants' receptivity to the instrument was excellent. The PrevCancer instrument had valid content and great usability by the target population, proving to be a useful tool for future cancer research.

Motor development and functional ability for children with cerebral palsy: A new tool for functional measure

The paucity of adequate tool available for documenting therapeutic effectiveness surfaces as major problem. An initiation is being taken to develop an appropriate tool which can evaluate motor development and functional ability of children with Cerebral palsy appropriate to Indian culture and society. Aim: To develop an assessment tool for analysing motor development and functional ability of children with Cerebral palsy. Objectives: (i) To develop Psychometric property and evaluate the psychometric property of the tool. (ii) To check the reliability and validity of the tool developed. Material and method: Tool development was conducted in three phases, Phase 1- development of 64 items in three domains. Expert review was undertaken and correction of the content was done through discussion with experts. Phase 2- content validity and face validity have been established. Phase 3 - concurrent validity, has been established by corelating with GMFM. Result: 64 items were generated under three stages: Infant (20), Toddler (36) and Preschooler (8). Content validity index at item level and Scale level were significantly high (&gt; 0.80) for agreement in Clarity, Essential and Relevancy. The face validity of the tool was evaluated. Each item was under full agreement category (90% -100%) in formatting, clarity, and appropriateness of the item for children with CP. Test-retest, interrater and concurrent validity of the tool is significantly acceptable. Conclusion: The new tool may be considered as an effective measure which is suitable in children with CP.

Assessment of supply chain efficiency through a sustainable supply chain management strategy in the textile sector

The textile industry processes fiber into yarn or fabric. Problems often faced by textile companies are delays in raw materials, which result in the production and distribution of fabrics not reaching the target, so consumers are unsatisfied and switch to competing companies. In addition, solid waste from the production process is still disposed of, potentially polluting the environment. This study uses the Green Supply Chain Operation Reference (Green SCOR) approach to evaluate the performance of green supply chain management (GSCM) in textile companies located in Yogyakarta. The findings of this study could significantly impact the textile industry as they provide a comprehensive evaluation of GSCM performance. Twenty-two performance indicators have been validated using the Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) method and weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Based on the calculation results, the GSCM performance value is 60.208. Improvement recommendations are given for three indicators that need to be prioritized based on Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) matrix mapping and the actual condition of the company. Improvements can be made by using the Vacuum Flash Evaporation method so that recycled PVA can be reused, using natural materials or alternative auxiliary materials that are more environmentally friendly, increasing cooperation with companies engaged in processing weaving waste or textile waste appropriately and effectively, checking the concentration of starch solution not only when changing construction but every beam change, and forming a checklist form that is filled in for monitoring after machine settings and preparation of the production process.

Development and Validation of an Educational Intervention Using a Mobile Social Networking for People With Diabetes: A Brazilian Experience

Introduction Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease with high morbidity and mortality rate and increasing prevalence, which leading to a significant decrease in quality of life. Objective To develop and validate a intervention program of non-pharmacological interventions for self-care and a healthy lifestyles using a mobile social networking for people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes assisted by a Primary Health Care service. Method Applied technological research with mixed methodology. The method chosen for the development of the set of interventions was the Contextualized Instructional Design (DIC), and the validation was carried out by the Delphi Method. Results In the developed program, patients received information through posts in a WhatsApp® group called “Routine in Day.” In this virtual environment, the content was transmitted and discussed through text messages, videos, audios and images about Diabetes Mellitus, healthy eating, physical activity, correct use of medications, sleeping habits, mental health, drug control and guidance on the reduction of chronic complications based on scientific evidence. With regard to validation, after two rounds of the Delphi method, the Content Validity Index was above the standard in the literature. Conclusion: The current intervention proposal proved to be a useful and accessible tool, with the objective of contributing to the control of Diabetes Mellitus, in addition to facilitating communication between the team and patients.