Validity Checks Research Articles

Different types of deficient democracies: Reassessing the relevance of diminished subtypes

Typologies are widely applied tools in democracy research. There are two prominent ways of constructing subtypes of democracies: whereas the classical approach adds traits successively to gain regular subtypes, the radial approach subtracts traits from the concept to obtain diminished subtypes. Conceptually, we argue that radial types have distinct advantages over the classical approach. Diminished subtypes can deal with complex concepts with multiple interrelated dimensions without a clear hierarchy and can account for the gradual nature of political phenomena. We derive three diminished subtypes of democracy: illiberal, inegalitarian and unaccountable democracies. The empirical analysis draws on a customized version of the new Varieties of Democracy dataset. Contrary to the dominating criticism of the radial delusion by the classical approach, an elaborate cluster analysis with a strong focus on validation and robustness checks can identify empirically the deductively proposed diminished subtypes of democracies which could not be demonstrated so far.

Comparison of parallel implementation strategies for the image source method for real-time virtual acoustics

The image source method (ISM) is inherently difficult to parallelize efficiently due to the data dependency of the image source tree. This paper presents and compares two different high-performance computing implementation strategies for the image source method. One strategy is designed such that the number of operations needed and the memory usage are reduced as much as possible using validity checks. However, this implies a data dependency that makes efficient parallelization impossible when scaling to massively parallel computing architectures, e.g., graphics processing units (GPUs). Thus, this method is mainly suited for multi-core CPUs, where the core count is low. The other strategy is designed for massively parallel computing architectures by eliminating data dependencies and conditional flow statements. However, in order to preserve data independence, considerable amount of unnecessary calculations must be carried out, some of which are ultimately discarded due to the image sources being invalid or invisible. The performance of the implementations is assessed when running the former method on a multi-core CPU and the latter on a GPU. Both implementations are found to be able to simulate within real-time constraints in fairly complex rooms up to a third reflection order, however, in most cases the GPU calculation is faster.

A beginner’s guide and best practices for using crowdsourcing platforms for survey research: The Case of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)

A beginner’s guide and best practices for using crowdsourcing platforms for survey research: The Case of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)

STUDI ETNOMATEMATIKA: KAIN BERBAHAN DASAR HALAL DITINJAU DARI MOTIF SADULUR BATIK LEBAK PROVINSI BANTEN

Ethnomatematics is mathematics that is contained in culture. The purpose of this research is to examine the material of the sadulur batik lebak banten motif through aspects of halal products. The research method used is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used are literature study, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity checks were carried out by extending observations, increasing persistence, using reference materials. The result of this research is that in the batik sadulur motif of lebak banten, there is a halal aspect of the material used in the form of batik cloth, the equipment used such as cloth, chanting and coloring.

Role of Young Entrepreneurs in Labor Absorptions and its Implications to Family Economic Resilience

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of young online convection entrepreneurs in labor absorption and the obstacles faced by young online convection entrepreneurs as well as to analyze the implications of young online convection entrepreneurs in Bantul Regency on their family economic resilience. This research used a qualitative approach. Primary data is obtained from observations and in-depth interviews with 5 young entrepreneurs from 5 different online convection, namely Arto Convection, Apparelsae Convection, Convection San Project, ID Convection, and Indeepco Clothing. The data analysis technique used is interactive model data analysis. This study used data validity checking techniques, namely triangulation, and detailed description techniques. The results of the research showed that young entrepreneurs have a role in labor absorption and provide income to the owner convection. Some of the obstacles often encountered by young entrepreneurs of convection online are a constraint on the production, financial management, management of marketing, customer service online base, less qualified human resources constraints, and constraints background education entrepreneurs who are not majoring in business. Young online convection entrepreneurs have made several efforts to overcome these obstacles. Based on the analysis with the income contribution approach and the basic need approach, the impact of online convection makes the economic resilience of young entrepreneur families strong and resilient.

African Immigrant Teachers Teaching Young EFL Learners: A Racial Discrimination Study

Teaching English language to young learners in an English as a Foreign Language/English as a Second Language context could be challenging especially for African immigrants, as they face varying arrays of challenges ranging from low wages, staff abuse, and other racial discriminations. A lot has been written about racially related issues in our school system yet there are limited works of literature that focus on the challenges of African immigrant English as a Second Language teachers with regards to racial discrimination. To investigate this, a mixed-method research design was used to elicit information from 68 African immigrant English as a Second Language teachers, teaching young English as a Foreign Language learners in 3 countries. The participants were purposively chosen after obtaining written and oral consent from them. A structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview questions were instruments for data collection. Reliability and validity checks were carried out before administering the questionnaire. After analysis, a notable finding was that African immigrant teachers felt unaccepted by the host communities and this made it difficult for the English as a Second Language learners to listen to classroom instructions given by these immigrant teachers. Again, the parents of these learners find it difficult to accept African immigrant teachers teaching their children as they deemed them incompetent to teach them. Other findings of the study were vital in making pedagogical conclusions on racial discrimination issues encountered by African immigrant English as a Second Language teachers. The ways forward for an all-inclusive educational system devoid of ethnic, religious, sexuality and racial issues were suggested.

Closeness or opportunistic behavior? Mediating the business ecosystem governance mechanisms and coordination relationship

PurposeBusiness ecosystem is described as a web of loose relationships, thereby posing some challenges to coordination. In attempt to ensure coordination in business relationships, scholars have proposed relational and contractual governance mechanisms. Hence, this study aims to examine the effects of governance mechanisms on coordination in the pharmaceutical business ecosystem (BE), with the potential mediating effects of closeness and opportunistic behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted quantitative approach with cross-sectional survey research design to collect data from the business ecosystem of pharmaceutical company X in Ghana. A structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was employed to collect data. Analysis was based on 173 institutions (both local and international) selected from pharmaceutical BE. Various validity and reliability checks were conducted before the presentation of the actual analysis, which was conducted using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS).FindingsThe results of the study revealed that both relational and contractual governance have a direct positive effect on coordination between pharmaceutical BE members and the focal firm. The effect of contractual governance on coordination is however, partially mediated by opportunistic behavior. Finally, closeness also fully mediated the effect of relational governance on coordination.Originality/valueThe study builds on the governance mechanisms in exchange relationship, which was hitherto largely limited to the dyadic and triadic business network, partnerships and strategic alliances studies. The contribution to BE literature provides further understanding into transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory, which was dominantly applied in dyadic relationships ties such as partnerships, alliances and networks.

CONTENT MANAGEMENT OF INSTAGRAM KEMENKO PMK IN FORMING BRAND AWARENESS (Case Study on Instagram @kemenko_pmk)

Instagram ussage is often used as a tool to deliver messages to public, such as to build brand awareness with eWOM (Electronic Word of Mouth), who created by user comments about products or services posted. Purpose of this study are to find out how social media team manage an information for create brand awareness and how public awareness about that content. Using message management theory and brand awareness, this study use a constructivist paradigm with a case study method. The researcher used in-depth interviews with 3 informants of Kemenko PMK instagram and 15 followers. Technical analysis with data reduction, data display, decision making and verification. Data validity checking techniques with triangulation source. The results showed that managing Instagram, Kemenko PMK team was not carry out their duties effectively so instagram is not interactive and not interesting, so public does not know the roles, functions and tasks of Kemenko PMK because the lack of information provided. The suggestion is to be able to set audience and content strategy, implement copy writing, reproduce interesting content and make Instagram as 2-way social media communication.

LC-MS based plant metabolic profiles of thirteen grassland species grown in diverse neighbourhoods

In plants, secondary metabolite profiles provide a unique opportunity to explore seasonal variation and responses to the environment. These include both abiotic and biotic factors. In field experiments, such stress factors occur in combination. This variation alters the plant metabolic profiles in yet uninvestigated ways. This data set contains trait and mass spectrometry data of thirteen grassland species collected at four time points in the growing season in 2017. We collected above-ground vegetative material of seven grass and six herb species that were grown in plant communities with different levels of diversity in the Jena Experiment. For each sample, we recorded visible traits and acquired shoot metabolic profiles on a UPLC-ESI-Qq-TOF-MS. We performed the raw data pre-processing in Galaxy-W4M and prepared the data for statistical analysis in R by applying missing data imputation, batch correction, and validity checks on the features. This comprehensive data set provides the opportunity to investigate environmental dynamics across diverse neighbourhoods that are reflected in the metabolomic profile.

Intrinsic Cognitive Load in Online Learning Model of School Mathematics 1 in Covid-19 Pandemic Period

<p class="JRPMAbstrakTitle">The study aims at determining the emergence of intrinsic cognitive load in online learning models of School Mathematics 1 in Covid-19 pandemic period. This research is a descriptive qualitative one the data of which are obtained from observation sheets, questionnaires and interview results. Validity checking uses the triangulation method. The results of the study show that the intrinsic cognitive load is caused by the interactivity and isolated/interacting elements contained in the learning process. Elements of interactivity are in the form of terms or concepts in Mathematics learning. These terms or concepts, for examples, are the meaning of Knowledge, Standard Measurement, Mathematical Approach, Intertwined Principles, Content, Context, Competence, PISA Learning Concepts, De-conceptualization, Systems Approach, Conceptual Approach, etc. Isolated/interacting elements are seen from looking for examples of implementation in the real world and actualization of events in Indonesia. An example of implementation in the real world is an element that interacts in real situations in the learning practice of Mathematics.</p>

Can Member Check Be Verified in Real Time? Introducing ARC (Asking, Record, Confirm) for Member Checking Validation Strategy in Qualitative Research

Can Member Check Be Verified in Real Time? Introducing ARC (Asking, Record, Confirm) for Member Checking Validation Strategy in Qualitative Research

Procedures for Reliable Cultural Model Analysis Using Semi-structured Interviews

To identify the dominant cultural models among parents transmitting faith to their children, we find few methodological guidelines to guide coding and analysis of semi-structured interviews. We thus developed a three-phase procedure for our research team. Phase-one follows Campbell et al. by unitizing on meanings rather than words/pages, including creating decision rules documents, keyword lists, and summary memos. We provide empirical support for the reliability of those procedures and contribute by adding final validity checks into phase one and a new set of second-order coding procedures as phase two and phase three, as suggested by Miles and Huberman, to transform theme analysis into patterned findings. Phase two codes the latent patterns underlying the phase-one thematic codes. Phase three quantifies phase-two codes into matrices. Although time intensive, other researchers can apply these procedures to produce transparent, auditable findings.

The Impact of Trust On E-Marketing And Customer Satisfaction In The Commercial Banks Of A Developing Country

The purpose of this paper is to determine, based on e-marketing, the customer satisfaction of Libya's banking industry. This is an empirical research designed using primary data gained by a well-structured questionnaire. After validity and reliability checking of a self-administered questionnaire using the SPSS software, the analysis was performed. The questionnaire was circulated in Misurata, Libya, to a sample of 350 bank customers. This paper provides a valuable contribution, as there are only a few studies dealing with the evaluation of e-marketing components in Libya's banking industry. The results have shown that the relationship between consumer satisfaction and e-marketing is significant here. Regression analysis found that all these factors positively impacted customer satisfaction in the Libyan banking sector based on three distinct independent variables (mobile phones, internet and credit cards). For bank management, which looks forward to innovative market models to gain customer satisfaction by trust-building, this study has huge implications.

SCHOOL CULTURE SEBAGAI TINDAKAN PREVENTIF DAN SOLUTIF DALAM MANAJEMEN KONFLIK DI SMK DARUL KAROMAH SINGOSARI

In management studies, the presence of educational conflicts cannot be separated from the daily problems felt by managers of educational institutions. This conflict occurs because the school is a gathering place for a variety of complex characteristics and characteristics, which meet with interactions within the school environment. SMK Darul Karomah is one of the vocational schools in the Randuagung area, Singosari, Malang which has good conflict management. This SMK is different from schools in general, where this school has certain steps or strategies in overcoming and preventing conflicts among students, or conflicts that occur inside or outside the school. One of the conflict management strategies contained in SMK Darul Karomah is the existence of School Culture.Based on the cases taken, the formulation of the research problem is to describe how the form of school culture at SMK Darul Karomah and to describe how school culture is a preventive and solution action in conflict management at SMK Darul Karomah. In this study, the method used is qualitative research located at SMK Darul Karomah Randuagung. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by collecting data which was then selected and simplified according to research findings, by presenting data that could be drawn conclusions. The data validity checking techniques used by the author in this study include: credibility, transfrability, independence, and confirmability.The results of this study can be concluded that: 1) school culture at SMK Darul Karomah has a pesantrenan nuance, there are daily, weekly, monthly and annual activities considering that this vocational school is in the middle of Darul Karomah Islamic boarding school. 2) school culture as a preventive and solution action in conflict management at SMK Darul Karomah in the form of cultivating habits, ishlah, tabayyun and punishment with pesantren nuances.

Kebijakan Pemimpin Pondok Pesantren Hidayaul Mubtadi’in Kembang Singosari Malang Dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Formal

In educational institutions, both formal and non-formal, the policy of a leader becomes the center of discussion and attention of experts, namely in terms of science itself and other sciences. Based on these facts, especially those related to the policies of the boarding school leaders have the right to all authority and responsibility that exist in the foundation, especially in formal education under its auspices. Therefore it is necessary to re-examine the policies of the Islamic boarding school leaders in the development of formal education, so that in the development of education it is not only in Islamic boarding school education. Based on the cases taken, the formulation of the research problem is to describe how the policies of the leader of the Islamic boarding school Hidayaul Mubtadi'in Kembang in the development of formal education, and to describe how the policy making process of the leader of the Islamic boarding school Hidayaul Mubtadi'in Kembang in the development of formal education. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection was carried out by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by collecting data which was then selected and simplified according to the research findings, by presenting data that could be drawn conclusions. In this study, the data validity checking techniques used were credibility, transfrability, dependability, and confirmability The results of this study can be concluded that: 1) The policy of the leader of the Islamic boarding school Hidayatul Mubtadi'in Kembang in the development of formal education is made in a way that is always side by side, in line and continues to collaborate with the school. the policies are also very good, and very supportive of the existing programs in schools. Planning any policies before the start of each year of the education period. Planning references are the government's vision and mission, vision and mission of the institutions and pesantren programs. Policy efforts include meetings to evaluate development programs, strengthening collaboration, and building creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship. Policies are made on the basis of deliberation and the existence of responsible parties, namely caregivers, administrators, school principals and all WAKA, 2) The process of making policies for the leadership of the Hidayatul Mubtadi'in Kembang Islamic boarding school in the development of formal education, namely receiving input and suggestions by considering conditions and situations, communicate intensively, and use the alternative dar'ul mafasid muqoddamu 'ala jalbil masholih in the rules of ushul fiqh, accompanied by holding meetings and deliberations.

A South-to-South Cultural Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Parenting Program for Families in the Philippines.

Rates of child maltreatment are higher in low‐ and middle‐income countries due to risk factors such as social inequities, economic adversity, and sociocultural norms. Given the evidence showing the effectiveness of parenting interventions to prevent child maltreatment, this study embarked on a cultural adaptation of an evidence‐based parenting program with the eventual goal of integrating it within a nationwide conditional cash transfer program for low‐income Filipino parents with children aged 2–6 years. We document the systematic adaptation of the Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children program that was developed and tested in South Africa, for low‐resource Filipino families using the heuristic framework for the cultural adaptation of interventions. We underscore the merits of conducting a multistage top‐down and bottom‐up process that uses a participatory approach among cultural insiders and outsiders to develop a parenting intervention that reflects the contextual realities and cultural values of end users. The adapted program, Masayang Pamilya Para sa Batang Pilipino, is the product of a delicate and deliberate effort to balance Filipino childrearing goals and values with the scientific evidence on components of parenting interventions known to promote positive parenting and prevent child maltreatment.

A deductive reasoning approach for database applications using verification conditions

Deductive verification has gained paramount attention from both academia and industry. Although intensive research in this direction covers almost all mainstream languages, the research community has paid little attention to the verification of database applications. This paper proposes a comprehensive set of Verification Conditions (VCs) generation techniques from database programs, adapting Symbolic Execution, Conditional Normal Form, and Weakest Precondition. The validity checking of the generated VCs for a database program determines its correctness w.r.t. the annotated database properties. The developed prototype DBverify based on our theoretical foundation allows us to instantiate VC generation from PL/SQL codes, yielding to detailed performance analysis of the three approaches under different circumstances. With respect to the literature, the proposed approach shows its competence to support crucial SQL features (aggregate functions, nested queries, NULL values, and set operations) and the embedding of SQL codes within a host imperative language. For the chosen set of benchmark PL/SQL codes annotated with relevant properties of interest, our experiment shows that only 38% of procedures are correct, while 62% violate either all or part of the annotated properties. The primary cause for the latter case is mostly due to the acceptance of runtime inputs in SQL statements without proper checking.

FENOMENA TRADISI ZIARAH MAKAM K.H.R BAGUS KHASANTUKA DI DUSUN SENUKO SIDOAGUNG GODEAN SLEMAN

This study aims to see the phenomena of the tradition of pilgrimage to the grave of K.H.R Bagus Khasantuka in Dusun Senuko Sidoagung Godean Sleman. The method used in this research is qualitative research methods. This study has two types of data and data sources, namely primary data and secondary data. Data interview techniques in this study were carried out by direct field observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were data, data reduction, data presentation, and data collection. The data validity checking technique used was the source triangulation technique and the technique triangulation. The results of this study indicate the phenomenon of the pilgrimage tradition at K.H.Rr's grave intending to pray for and interpret the values of life, pilgrims who visit the grave of waliyullah K.H.R Bagus Khasantuka can trace the struggle of previous scholars in Islam. The existence of Sendang Bagusan as an example of K.H.R Bagus Khasantuka is still used by the Javanese mystical adherents for the kungkum ritual to achieve certain goals. The development of the Tomb of K.H.R Bagus Khasantuka also had a positive impact on the construction of hamlet roads, gates, and youth organization activities in Senuko Village.

Corporate Identity, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Cultural Values of Manufacturing Companies in Southern Philippines

The objectives of this study were to investigate and understand whether entrepreneurial orientation and cultural values could determine the corporate identity of manufacturing companies in Southern Philippines. This study utilized a combination of descriptive correlation design and survey design. A total of 426 regular employees responded to the survey. Empirical results revealed high levels of entrepreneurial orientation, cultural values and corporate identity. Before performing out a statistical regression test, validation checks were conducted to assess whether regression assumptions were not violated. Further, findings found that cultural values have the greatest impact on corporate identity. The manufacturing companies have a common goal with their employees to achieve strong corporate identity. Establishing a favorable corporate identity highly necessary.

Integrating emotional attachment, resource sharing, communication and collaboration into UTAUT2 to examine students' behavioural intention to adopt social media networks in education

This study aims to develop and test an amalgamated conceptual framework based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) with trust (TR), emotional attachment (EA), resource and material sharing (RA), communication (COM) and collaboration (COL), which might be the salient factors that may influence the adoption of Social Networking Sites (SNS) for educational purposes. Data were collected from 399 Omani university students who use SNSs for their academic purposes using a self-administrated questionnaire. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed to perform reliability and validity checks, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed conceptual model. As hypothesised, the findings of this research revealed that students' Behavioural Intention (BI) was positively and significantly influenced by COM, RA, Performance Expectancy (PE), COL, EA, hedonic motivation, and habit, in their order of influencing power and explained 67.7% of the variance in behavioural intention. However, effort expectancy and TR did not have affecting impact on BI. This study could help instructors and managements at higher educational institutions to formulate strategies to encourage the students to use the social networking sites for academic purposes.