Validity Of Principles Research Articles

Enhancing Security in Software Design Patterns and Antipatterns: A Framework for LLM-Based Detection

The detection of security vulnerabilities in software design patterns and antipatterns is crucial for maintaining robust and maintainable systems, particularly in dynamic Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) environments. Traditional static analysis tools, while effective for identifying isolated issues, often lack contextual awareness, leading to missed vulnerabilities and high rates of false positives. This paper introduces a novel framework leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to detect and mitigate security risks in design patterns and antipatterns. By analyzing relationships and behavioral dynamics in code, LLMs provide a nuanced, context-aware approach to identifying issues such as unauthorized state changes, insecure communication, and improper data handling. The proposed framework integrates key security heuristics—such as the principles of least privilege and input validation—to enhance LLM performance. An evaluation of the framework demonstrates its potential to outperform traditional tools in terms of accuracy and efficiency, enabling the proactive detection and remediation of vulnerabilities in real time. This study contributes to the field of software engineering by offering an innovative methodology for securing software systems using LLMs, promoting both academic research and practical application in industry settings.

Ion Pair Chromatography for Endogenous Metabolite LC-MS Analysis in Tissue Samples Following HGH Resolution Untargeted Acquisition.

A protocol for the preparation of tissue extracts for the targeted analysis ca. 150 polar metabolites, including those involved in central carbon metabolism, is described, using a reversed phase ion pair U(H)PLC-MS method. Data collection enabled in high-resolution mass spectrometry detection provides highly specific and sensitive acquisition of metabolic intermediates with wide range physicochemical properties and pathway coverage. Technical aspects are discussed for method transfer along with the basic principles of sample sequence setup, data analysis, and validation. At last general comments are given to help the assessment of data quality and system performance.

ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE OF COMMISSIONERS OF THE RSFSR ON THE TERRITORY OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1920S: REGULATORY AND LEGAL ASPECT

The purpose of the article is to determine the social and political conditions for the adoption of normative legal acts of the Ukrainian SSR in the context of the formation and activity of the Institute of Commissioners of the RSFSR (Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic) on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR in the first half of the 1920s. The research methodology is based on general scientific principles of objectivity, scientificity, and scientific validity, as well as historicism, with the use of special scientific methods (historical-typological and structural-systemic). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the creation of various Institutes of Commissioners of the RSFSR (later the USSR) at the Soviet of People`s Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR (SPC Ukrainian SSR) is analyzed, and the characteristics of the activities of various commissioners in the SPC of the Ukrainian SSR are described. Conclusions. The formation and functioning of the Institutes of the Commissioners of the RSFSR (later USSR) at the Soviet of People`s Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR took place on the basis of the directives of the RSFSR (later USSR) with the subsequent approval of the candidates of the VUTsVK (All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee) and the SPC Ukrainian SSR. In their activities, the commissioners were accountable to the relevant People's Commissariats of both republics, supervising and controlling the activities of the relevant SPC Ukrainian SSR, and overseeing the implementation of the directives of the SPC of the RSFSR (with the consent of the USSR).

Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation and its Applications in Pharmacy – An Overview

Bioanalytical methods play a critical role in the pharmaceutical industry, providing essential tools for drug development, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic drug monitoring. This review discusses the principles of bioanalytical method development and validation, highlighting key techniques such as chromatography, mass spectrometry, and immunoassays. It further explores the applications of these methods in various areas of pharmacy, including drug formulation, clinical trials, and personalized medicine. Challenges and future directions in bioanalytical method development are also addressed.

The effects of fair allocation principles on energy system model designs

Abstract What constitutes socially just or unjust energy systems or transitions can be derived from the philosophy and theories of justice. Assessments of distributive justice and utilising them in modelling lead to great differences based on which justice principles are applied. From the limited research so far published in the intersection between energy systems modelling and justice, we find that comparisons between the two principles of utilitarianism and egalitarianism dominate in assessments of distributive justice, with the latter most often considered representing a 'just energy system'. The lack of recognition of alternative and equally valid principles of justice, resting on e.g. capabilities, responsibilities and/or opportunities, leads to a narrow understanding of justice that fails to align with the views of different individuals, stakeholders and societies. More importantly, it can lead to the unjust design of future energy systems and energy systems analysis. 
 
In this work, we contribute to the growing amount of research on distributive justice in energy systems modelling by assessing the implications of different philosophical views on justice on modelling results. Through a modelling exercise with a power system model for Europe (highRES), we explore different designs of a future (2050) net-zero European electricity system, and its distributional implications based on the application of different justice principles. In addition to the utilitarian and egalitarian approach, we include, among others, principles of 'polluters pay' and 'ability-to-pay', which take historical contributions of greenhouse gas emissions and the socio-economic conditions of a region into account. 
 
We find that fair distributions of electricity generating infrastructure look significantly different depending on the justice principles applied. The results may stimulate a greater discussion among researchers and policymakers on the implications of different constructions of justice in modelling, expansion of approaches, and demonstrate the importance of transparency and assumptions when communicating such results.

Comment on “tracking rule” and generalization of special relativity

In a recent article in this journal (Canadian Journal of Physics 102, 43 (2024)), Alexander L. Kholmetskii, Oleg V. Missevitch, and Tolga Yarman criticized our views on the tracking rule and issued some inaccurate statements related to them. We clarify those statements explicating their content and analyze the meaning of the tracking rule as a valid principle to generalize special relativity.

Implementasi Prinsip Syariah dalam Praktik Jual Beli Online Pada Aplikasi Tiktok Secara Live: Studi pada Mahasiswa Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Stis Al Wafa

The aim of this research is to find out how online buying and selling practices in live TikTok application for STIS Sharia Economic Law study program students AL WAFA and to find out how to implement sharia principles in live online buying and selling on TikTok carried out by Law study program students STIS AL WAFA Sharia Economics. This study uses a qualitative method using interview techniques, observation and documentation. As for models The data analysis used is data collection, data reduction, presentation data and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that in In practice, students buy and sell by ordering or shopping when the sellers are live so you can interact with the sellers directly to be able to show the desired item via live, and check out via the yellow basket provided by the seller when live takes place. In the process of buying and selling transactions on students' live TikTok STIS AL WAFA has implemented sharia principles in selling buy such as the principle of divinity (tauhid), the principle of willingness (antaradhin), principle expediency or benefit, principles of justice, principles of honesty, principles freedom, moral or ethical principles, finally valid principles.

Eight ways to get a grip on validity as a social imperative.

Validity as a social imperative foregrounds the social consequences of assessment and highlights the importance of building quality into the assessment development and monitoring processes. Validity as a social imperative is informed by current assessment trends such as programmatic-, longitudinal-, and rater-based assessment, and is one of the conceptualizations of validity currently at play in the Health Professions Education (HPE) literature. This Black Ice is intended to help readers to get a grip on how to embed principles of validity as a social imperative in the development and quality monitoring of an assessment. This piece draws on a program of work investigating validity as a social imperative, key HPE literature, and data generated through stakeholder interviews. We describe eight ways to implement validation practices that align with validity as a social imperative.

Іоаникіївська богадільня в Богуславі (за матеріалами «Київських єпархіальних відомостей»)

The objective of the article is to investigate the history of the establishment and activities of the Ioanykiivskyi Almshouse based on materials from the journal «Kyiv Diocesan News». The methodological framework of the study is based on general scientific principles of scientific validity, objectivity, systematicity, structuralism, historicism, and methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and application aimed at comprehensive coverage of facts and phenomena, the use of reliable, verified information, and presenting the material in a clear sequence. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study and systematization of reports from the Ioanykiivskyi Almshouse, which were submitted for consideration at diocesan congresses and published in the journal «Kyiv Diocesan News», helping to form an understanding of the establishment and functioning of the shelter as an important component of the social protection system for lonely, disadvantaged representatives of the clergy and the charitable activities of the Orthodox Church as a whole. Conclusions. Within the social welfare system of the Orthodox Church, particular support was needed for lonely and disadvantaged members of the clergy, especially widows and orphans. Thanks to a donation of 50,000 rubles from Metropolitan Ioanykii, who transferred it to the Kyiv Diocesan Guardianship, the idea of establishing an almshouse named after the benefactor became feasible. The shelter was located in the premises of a former theological school in the town of Bohuslav, Kaniv County. Admission to the shelter was upon request to the diocesan guardianship with mandatory certification by the local charitable council. When vacancies were available, individuals from the clergy were admitted to the almshouse for a fee, which was used for the needs of the shelter. Several dozen individuals, mostly women, were constantly residing in the institution. The funding for the shelter was provided from the interest on the Ioanykiivskyi capital. The rules for staying in the almshouse and the work schedule were regulated by the provisions. Over time, the living conditions in the shelter improved, funds were allocated for repairs, and medical assistance. The question of opening a school for children was constantly raised, as envisaged by the provisions, but due to a lack of funds, this was never realized.

Logika, Penalaran, Dan Argumentasi Hukum

Nowdays, the understanding and knowledge in logic, reasoning, and legal argumentation become moreabsolute necessity not only for civitas academica in philosophy and law but most important for legal practitioners as polices, judges, prosecutors, attorneys, lawyers, and even all members of society whosedealing with legal problems everyday. As apart of generally reasoning, legal reasoning, although have some different characteristics, is attached to valid principles of reasoning such as rules of reasoning, rules of sillogism, rules of inductive probability, and informal fallacies. Thus legal reasoning is not a distinct and separate kind of reasoning from logic as science of how to think rightly, appropriately, and valid (as a branch of philosophy) but rather how to applied rules of reasoning from logic principles to legal problems. This article explores the rules of thinking in induction and sillogism. IRAC (Issue, Rule, Argument, dan Conclusion) model as an application of inductive and sillogistic reasoning in law will to end this article.

When faster rotation is harmful: The competition of alliances with inner blocking mechanism

Competitors in an intransitive loop of dominance can form a defensive alliance against an external species. The vitality of this superstructure, however, is jeopardized if we modify the original rock-scissors-paper-like rule and allow that the vicinity of a predator blocks stochastically the invasion success of its neighboring prey towards a third actor. To explore the potential consequences of this multipoint interaction we introduce a minimal model where two three-member alliances are fighting but one of them suffers from this inner blocking mechanism. We demonstrate that this weakness can be compensated by a faster inner rotation which is in agreement with previous findings. This broadly valid principle, however, is not always true here because the increase of rotation speed could be harmful and results in a series of reentrant phase transitions on the parameter plane. This unexpected behavior can be explained by the relation of the blocked triplet and a neutral pair formed by a triplet member with an external species. Our results provide novel aspects to the fundamental laws which determine the evolutionary process in multistrategy ecological systems. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The updated College of American Pathologists principles of analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays: A step forward for cytopathology.

Updated College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations include specific guidelines for validating immunohistochemistry assays performed on cytology specimens. The new recommendations may be the impetus needed to open the door to a wider adoption of cytology specimens into routine clinical practice for immunochemistry‐based assays that drive patient care and biomarker‐driven therapeutics.

Gene selection for genomic newborn screening: Moving toward consensus?

PurposeGene selection for genomic newborn screening (gNBS) underpins the validity, acceptability, and ethical application of this technology. Existing gNBS gene lists are highly variable despite being based on shared principles of gene-disease validity, treatability, and age of onset. This study aimed to curate a gNBS gene list that builds upon existing efforts and provide a core consensus list of gene-disease pairs assessed by multiple expert groups worldwide. MethodsOur multidisciplinary expert team curated a gene list using an open platform and multiple existing curated resources. We included severe treatable disorders with age of disease onset <5 years with established gene-disease associations and reliable variant detection. We compared the final list with published lists from 5 other gNBS projects to determine consensus genes and to identify areas of discrepancy. ResultsWe reviewed 1279 genes and 604 met our inclusion criteria. Metabolic conditions comprised the largest group (25%), followed by immunodeficiencies (21%) and endocrine disorders (15%). We identified 55 consensus genes included by all 6 gNBS research projects. Common reasons for discrepancy included variable definitions of treatability and strength of gene-disease association. ConclusionWe have identified a consensus gene list for gNBS that can be used as a basis for systematic harmonization efforts internationally.

Principles of Validity in Interpretation: On Hirsch’s Method of in Defense of the Author’s Intent

Principles of Validity in Interpretation: On Hirsch’s Method of in Defense of the Author’s Intent

The difference of model robustness assessment using cross‐validation and bootstrap methods

AbstractThe validation principles on Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship issued by Organization for Economic and Co‐operation and Development describe three criteria of model assessment: goodness of fit, robustness and prediction. In the case of robustness, two ways are possible as internal validation: bootstrap and cross‐validation. We compared these validation metrics by checking their sample size dependence, rank correlations to other metrics and uncertainty. We used modeling methods from multivariate linear regression to artificial neural network on 14 open access datasets. We found that the metrics provide similar sample size dependence and correlation to other validation parameters. The individual uncertainty originating from the calculation recipes of the metrics is much smaller for both ways than the part caused by the selection of the training set or the training/test split. We concluded that the metrics of the two techniques are interchangeable, but the interpretation of cross‐validation parameters is easier according to their similar range to goodness‐of‐fit and prediction metrics. Furthermore, the variance originating from the random elements of the calculation of cross‐validation metrics is slightly smaller than those of bootstrap ones, if equal calculation load is applied.

First report on the QSAR modelling and multistep virtual screening of the inhibitors of nonstructural protein Nsp14 of SARS-CoV-2: Reducing unnecessary chemical synthesis and experimental tests

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a serious threat to human health and life safety. How to effectively prevent and treat COVID-19 is crucial. In this study, we used the inhibitors of nonstructural protein Nsp14 of SARS-CoV-2 to perform the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) modelling for the first time. Based on different dataset division strategies, we selected partial least square (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods to develop easily interpretable and reproducible QSAR models with 2D molecular descriptors. All models complied with the strict QSAR validation principles of OECD and internationally recognized validation metrics. The best model contained two molecular descriptors with the following statistical parameters: R2 = 0.7796, QLOO2= 0.7373, Rtest2 = 0.8539 and CCCtest = 0.9073. Obviously, the model exhibited good prediction performance and can be used for quickly predicting the inhibitory activity of unknown compounds against Nsp14. Mechanistic interpretation identified the detailed relationship between molecular structure information and inhibitory activity. The best QSAR model was used to predict the inhibitory activity of 263 true external compounds without experimental values against Nsp14, and the prediction reliability was analyzed and discussed. Molecular docking and ADMET analyses were conducted for compounds with higher similarity to the modelling compounds. Finally, two compounds were identified as potential candidate drugs of targeting Nsp14. The current work lays a solid theoretical foundation for the discovery of inhibitors targeting Nsp14, and has an important reference significance for the development of anti-COVID-19 drugs.

Separability and the Law Applicable to the Substantive Validity of Arbitration Agreements

This article discusses the related topics of the doctrine of separability and the law applicable to arbitration agreements, showing the continuous interaction between them. It fosters an approach according to which, while the law of the seat will continue to play a significant role in the evaluation of the validity of arbitration agreements, such validity may also be ascertained on the basis of other systems of law – relevant on a case by case basis – as dictated by the principle of favor arbitrati, which today provides a mandatory approach for domestic law judges. separability, arbitration agreement, applicable law, validation principle, favor arbitrati, New York Convent

Enhancing Data Security Resilience in AI-Driven Digital Transformation: Exploring Industry Challenges and Solutions Through ALCOA+ Principles.

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) defines data integrity as the maintenance of accuracy, consistency, and completeness of data over time. Recently, "artificial intelligence" has become prevalent across industries, education, culture,and technology, denoting systems that mimic human intelligence and critical thinking using computers and related technologies. This article examines the construction of a robust artificial intelligence (AI) system and the incorporation of ALCOA+ principles for data validation, with a specific focus on enhancing data certainty and security. This study was carried out through a comprehensive review of various Scopus-indexed literature over the past decade. Results and Discussion: AI has been widely applied in Manufacturing System Optimization, involving organizing production systems, including machines, robots, conveyors, and related operations like maintenance and material handling. Moreover, it's used for Process Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics in medicine, as well as supervision and regulation in industries. Yet, it's not immune to shortcomings, which could result in system biases and jeopardize data security. This article explores the creation of a robust AI system, implementing ALCOA+ for data validation in AI-Driven Digital Transformation to improve data certainty and security in industries. It involves systematically recording AI system activities, ensuring database validity, sustaining data recording practices, regularly updating records, ensuring authenticity and completeness, and facilitating data accessibility for review and audits. As AI integration in education advances, there's a crucial need for oversight to maintain data integrity in these systems.

Neuropsicologia, Reabilitação Cognitiva e Dor Crônica: Uma Revisão

Pain is a complex experience, shaped by biological, psychological and social factors. Due to its complexity and subjective component, chronic pain has been the target of psychological research and interventions aimed at promoting mental health, adaptation and the development of coping skills. This paper seeks to explore the interrelationship between neuropsychology, pain and cognitive rehabilitation in individuals experiencing chronic pain. Beyond its impact on daily functioning and mental health, chronic pain can impair attention, memory and executive functions. Consequently, it is necessary for psychologists to adopt a professional approach that goes beyond the subjective understanding of pain. Professionals need to expand their focus in order to better understand the processing of this experience. In addition to the foundational principles of validation and acceptance, which are typical stages of psychotherapy, psychologists working with patients with chronic pain must deepen their practice in pain education and cognitive rehabilitation. Keywords: Chronic pain, neuropsychology, psychological support, rehabilitation in chronic pain, cognitive rehabilitation

Содержательные аспекты психологической подготовки оперативных сотрудников ФСИН России к работе с осужденными за террористическую деятельность

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The need for psychological training of operational service officers of the penitentiary system to work with those convicted of terrorist activity is obvious. The purpose of the study was to determine the content aspects of the psychological training of operational officers to work with those convicted of terrorist activities. In accordance with this, the following tasks were defined: the determining of the method for the organizing of the training of operational officers, the principles of its construction; the identification of the socio-psychological and axiological characteristics of persons convicted of terrorist activities. The significance of the obtained results is determined by the disclosure of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the psychological training of operational officers to work with those convicted of terrorist activity, presented in the form of valid principles of its construction, determined through interpreting the empirical material. The theoretical and practical significance of the results is also emphasized by the established socio-psychological and axiological characteristics of persons convicted of terrorist activity, necessary for effective operative work with them.&lt;/p&gt;