Validated Survey Instrument Research Articles

Farmers’ Farm Performance is Correlated with the Dimensions of Relationship Marketing: A Study in Bangladesh

Background: Nowadays, many individuals are moving toward business relationships, becoming closer and developing business ties with their business partners in the supply chain. Relationship marketing could underpin strategic marketing in minimizing economic problems and enhancing business performance. However, there is little emphasis on how relationship marketing constructs influence paddy farmer’s business, specifically theory-based empirical research. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between relationship marketing components (trust, communication and satisfaction) and paddy farmer’s farm performance in Bangladesh. Methods: A validated survey instrument was used for data collection and 356 paddy farmers were interviewed applying systematic random sampling from the district of Mymensingh in Bangladesh. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used in data analysis. Result: The findings revealed that trust, communication and satisfaction had direct relationships with farmers’ farm performance. It was also revealed that satisfaction was a mediator in the indirect relationship between trust and performance. In enhancing farmer’s farm performance, this study suggested that it would be beneficial to practice a long-term relationship marketing strategy instead of a traditional marketing approach in the agriculture context.

Associations between unpasteurized camel and other milk consumption, livestock ownership, and self-reported febrile and gastrointestinal symptoms among semi-pastoralists and pastoralists in the Somali Region of Ethiopia.

Contact with livestock and consumption of unpasteurised dairy products are associated with an increased risk of zoonotic and foodborne infection, particularly among populations with close animal contact, including pastoralists and semi-pastoralists. However, there are limited data on disease risk factors among pastoralists and other populations where livestock herding, particularly of dromedary camels, is common. This cross-sectional study used a previously validated survey instrument to identify risk factors for self-reported symptoms. Adults (n = 304) were randomly selected from households (n = 171) in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, a region characterised by chronic food insecurity, population displacement, recurrent droughts and large semi-pastoralist and pastoralist populations. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between self-reported symptoms and type of milk consumed, controlling for demographics and human-animal interaction. Consumption of days-old unrefrigerated raw camel milk was significantly associated with symptoms in the 30 days prior to the survey (AOR = 5.07; 95% CI 2.41-10.66), after controlling for age, refugee status, sanitation, camel ownership and source of drinking water and accounting for clustering. Consumption of days-old unrefrigerated raw ruminant milk was significantly associated with symptoms (AOR = 4.00, 95% CI 1.27-12.58). Source of drinking water and camel ownership, a proxy for camel contact, were significantly associated with the outcome in each model. There were no significant associations between self-reported symptoms and fresh or soured animal milk consumption. Research is needed to identify pathogens and major routes of transmission. Tailored communication campaigns to encourage safe food preparation should also be considered.

MP52-08 ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER CUFF DOWNSIZING IMPROVES CONTINENCE AND PATIENT SATISFACTION IN CASES OF SUB-CUFF ATROPHY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022MP52-08 ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER CUFF DOWNSIZING IMPROVES CONTINENCE AND PATIENT SATISFACTION IN CASES OF SUB-CUFF ATROPHY Kevin Krughoff, Brent D. Nosé, and Andrew C. Peterson Kevin KrughoffKevin Krughoff More articles by this author , Brent D. NoséBrent D. Nosé More articles by this author , and Andrew C. PetersonAndrew C. Peterson More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002627.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The management of suspected artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) sub-cuff atrophy remains controversial and clinical outcomes remain underreported. Our objective was to examine the impact of cuff downsizing on patient reported outcomes and pad use in cases of sub-cuff atrophy. METHODS: We reviewed our prospectively collected, institutional approved QI database from 2011 to 2021. IRB approval was obtained for the analysis. At our institution, the AUS is routinely filled with contrast solution and imaged radiographically upon initial activation for a baseline. This allows for better delineation between device failure or sub-cuff atrophy during standard multimodal workup of recurrent urinary incontinence with serial AP Pelvis radiography. Patients are seen on a routine basis following activation. Sub-cuff atrophy was diagnosed with serial AP pelvis films indicating atrophy, cystoscopy, assessment of symptom scores and pad use, and history and physical examination. Patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence who underwent cuff downsizing after the diagnosis of sub-cuff atrophy were included for analysis. Repeated measures T-tests were used to assess change in validated survey instruments, subjective outcomes measures and pad use. RESULTS: Over this time-period, 842 AUS devices were placed, 623 new and 219 revisions. Of these, 30 underwent cuff downsizing following a diagnosis of sub-cuff atrophy as determined by the appearance of more fluid in the cuff versus baseline on AP pelvis film, cystoscopy with incomplete coaptation, patient interview and questionnaires, and evaluation of number pads used per day. The initial AUS was in place for a median of 668 days (292, 1601) prior to the diagnosis of sub-cuff atrophy. Median follow up duration after cuff downsizing was 3561 days (2247, 4704). At time of most recent assessment, 23 (73.3%) of downsized cuffs remained in place, 2 (6.6%) were revised for mechanical failure, 2 (6.6%) for further atrophy and 3 (10.0%) for erosion. Following downsize, 96.7% reported subjective improvement and 92.0% experienced a decrease in pad count, with a median decrease of 2 and mean decrease of 2.21 (± 1.45) pads per day (p<0.01). Of those who completed the AUA Symptom Score before and after downsize, 82% experienced an improvement on the bother index score (mean decrease 1.63 ± 1.74, median 1, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cuff downsizing improves continence control and patient satisfaction in cases of multimodal diagnosed sub-cuff atrophy. Source of Funding: Boston Scientific Fellowship Grant © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e889 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kevin Krughoff More articles by this author Brent D. Nosé More articles by this author Andrew C. Peterson More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

The Emotional Experiences of Students in Dissection‐ and Prosection‐based Cadaveric Anatomy Courses

IntroductionCadaver‐based anatomy courses provide opportunities for students to grow psychosocially and professionally. Engaging with cadaveric specimens encourages students to explore complex intersections of empathy, compassion, and professional responsibility in a way that is valuable for their development as future health professionals. As curricular time decreases, prosection‐based curricula offer a temptingly efficient alternative to curricular designs in which the students do the dissections. However, a concern is that prosection‐based curricula may not provide the same emotional resonance as dissection and therefore jettison a major benefit of the anatomy laboratory experience. The COVID‐19 pandemic provided a natural experiment in which to explore this concern. We compared the emotional impacts of dissection vs. learning solely from prosected (pre‐dissected) specimens. Our hypothesis was that students learning from prosected specimens would feel less connected to the donors and overall have a more intellectual, less emotional experience in the course.MethodsWe used a validated survey instrument to compare the emotional experiences of students in a traditional dissection‐based course in 2019 to those in a prosection‐based course in 2020, necessitated by spatial distancing requirements during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The survey included two free‐response questions and 27 Likert scale questions categorized as: Donor as a person; Donor as a patient; Interaction with cadaveric specimens; Emotional reactions during course. The groups were compared using a multivariate general linear model that controlled for multiple comparisons and grounded theory thematic analysis of the qualitative data.ResultsStudents in both years reported overall high ratings for enjoyment, appreciation, and gratitude for the experience. Students in the dissection‐based course more frequently felt empathy for and connection to the donor and the donor’s family than did students in the prosection course (Donor as a person: Wilk's Λ = 0.780, p&lt;0.001). Students in the dissection‐based course also more frequently felt feelings of disgust, anxiety, and wanting to avoid the anatomy laboratory (Interaction with cadaveric specimens: Wilk's Λ = 0.696, p&lt;0.001). Students in the prosection‐based course more frequently enjoyed the laboratory experience and felt fascinated by the anatomy (Emotional reactions: Wilk's Λ = 0.898, p&lt;0.007). Qualitative analyses clarified that the negative feelings in the dissection group focused on the process of dissection and a desire for more explicit support for emotional processing.DiscussionBoth groups in this study had positive experiences in the anatomy laboratory. The students in the dissection group reported a wider range of emotions and were more actively aware of their empathy for the donors, while the prosection students reported a more homogeneous positive experience. These results suggest that dissection‐based curricula provide richer opportunities for students to practice navigating complex emotions in a professional setting. Anatomy faculty must support students’ psychosocial growth by acknowledging and facilitating their exploration of these experiences.

Medical School Culture Influences How Students Think About Gross Anatomy Lab

IntroductionMedical school culture can often guide students' emotional development during their education. At Boston University School of Medicine, there is an explicit culture to refer to the human bodies used in anatomy education as “donors,” rather than “cadavers.” The main reason that we use the word “donor” is to show respect to the individuals who chose to generously donate their body to science, to help future physicians learn. Inherently, the word “donor” describes someone who is capable of making a decision to give a donation, and implies this person is, or was, alive. The word “cadaver,” by definition, is a human body used by medical students and scientists to study anatomy. Our objective was to investigate whether students will use the word “donor” even when by definition, they mean “cadaver,” due to the culture of medical school and the desire to adhere to social norms.MethodsWe used a validated survey instrument to compare the emotional experiences of students in a traditional dissection‐based course in 2019, to those in a prosection‐based course in 2020, necessitated by spatial distancing requirements during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Free‐text responses were collected and organized into data sets, which were analyzed by evaluators blinded to the year of study. We used a grounded theory thematic analysis, beginning with a word frequency method to generate primary codes. Subsequent codes were generated by individual raters, then in group discussion, until reaching thematic saturation.ResultsAmong all data sets, and between years of study, Donor was a common primary code that was subsequently analyzed. This code was used in several connotations, or subcodes. Donor1 was used when referring to a previously living person. For example, “I appreciate that the donors gave their bodies to science to help us learn.” (Prosection group: 37%. Dissection group: 48%). Donor2 was used as a synonym for cadaver. For example, “spending time w/ donors was absolutely necessary in consolidating anatomy knowledge.” (Prosection group: 48%. Dissection group: 39%). “Cadaver” was not a high frequency word in any data set.DiscussionThe high frequency of the subcode Donor2 illustrates that when students are describing a body in the lab from which they are dissecting/learning (by definition, a cadaver), they are replacing the term “cadaver” with donor, whether actively or subconsciously. This subcode is an example of how medical school culture and social norms can shape the way that students think and/or talk about the anatomy lab. The use of the word donor, which characteristically is defined as “a person who chooses to make a donation,” inherently reminds students that this body was a previously living person; when performing dissections, this reminder could prompt complex emotional responses that may require time and facilitation to process. While the primary function of using the word donor is to show respect, perhaps the secondary function is to enable students to compartmentalize conflicting thoughts and feelings about a single topic, which is a skill that will help them grow and develop as medical students.

Feelings of Gratitude in Dissection‐ and Prosection‐Based Cadaveric Anatomy Courses

IntroductionParticipation in a cadaveric anatomy course often elicits strong emotions in students, which may have lasting impacts on students’ education and future careers. Gratitude is a prevailing cultural value in many cadaveric anatomy courses, as evidenced by referring to cadaveric specimens as “donors” and the gratitude ceremonies conducted at the end of many courses. Gratitude is also prevalent within medical school as a whole. For example, due to the difficulty of the application process, many students feel extremely grateful to be able to attend medical school at all. Prosection‐based curricula have been proposed as a time‐efficient alternative to traditional dissection‐based courses. However, little is known about the differences in emotional impact that may arise from this change in course design. We compared the emotional impacts of a dissection‐based course vs. a course in which cadavers were prosected (pre‐dissected). Our objective was to investigate potential differences between the emotions elicited, such as gratitude, based on pedagogical method.MethodsStudents who took a dissection‐based anatomy course in 2019 and those who took a prosection‐based course in 2020 due to the COVID‐19 pandemic were given a validated survey instrument to compare their emotional experiences. The survey included the free‐response question, “Please describe your feelings in regards to the time spent with the donor or donors using three adjectives, and explain your adjective choices.” The responses were analyzed using a grounded theory thematic analysis approach; readers were blind to which cohort wrote which data set. The researchers identified primary codes based on word frequency and pertinence to students’ emotional experiences, and then each instance of each code was examined within the context of the response to generate secondary codes until thematic saturation was reached.ResultsThe codes appreciate, grateful, and humbled appeared in both data sets. Appreciatehad the widest use case, as appreciatewas also used to acknowledge the complexity or beauty of human anatomy. Humbled had the narrowest use case: this code was primarily directed to the donors or their choice to donate, and also conveyed a greater emotional intensity than the other two codes. Grateful was used most commonly towards the donors and towards the learning experience. A majority of the students in the dissection‐based course who used grateful expressed gratitude toward the donor for improving their learning experience; this connection between the donors and enhanced learning was not observed as frequently in the prosection group. The prosection group was also grateful for a wider variety of things.DiscussionBoth groups in this study expressed gratitude as a major component of their emotional experience in the anatomy laboratory. The results suggest that, for the students in the dissection group, there was a stronger connection between the donors’ presence or choice to donate and their learning. The prosection group expressed gratitude to the donors and to the learning experience, but more often expressed these feelings as separate ideas. These findings elucidate the types of gratitude experienced by anatomy students in different anatomy laboratory experiences.

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Social Participation of High Risk-Adults in Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background:Restrictions to contain the COVID-19 pandemic affect the social participation of people worldwide. Especially those at high risk for a severe disease tend to abstain from social gatherings. While there are a few questionnaires to measure social participation in elderly or chronic patients, a valid survey instrument that includes pandemic-related social participation is needed.MethodsWe developed a social participation questionnaire that aims to assess pandemic-related restrictions in social participation. Items were developed using a theory and literature-based approach and then compiled in a discursive process involving experts and lay people. This was followed by the validation of the questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey on 431 individuals. Items with low item-total correlations and low factor loadings using exploratory factor analysis [EFA] were excluded. Using EFA on the remaining items, the factor structure was retrieved and tested with a confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]. Internal consistency was assessed with Chronbachs α.ResultsInitially, 27 items were developed which were used for validation. 13 items were excluded due to low item-total correlations and factors loadings. EFA of the remaining 14 items revealed three factors which were identified as domains “active social participation,” “wellbeing,” and “restrictions”. CFA showed an acceptable model fit using the three-dimensional structure. Chronbachs α of 0.81 and McDonalds Ω of 0.87 indicate good internal consistency. Correlation analysis showed an association between the developed questionnaire and previously-established participation and mental health scales.ConclusionThis study suggests that our 14 item questionnaire is of high reliability and validity and can be used to measure social participation during a pandemic.

Financial toxicity in hematological malignancies: a systematic review

Hematologic malignancy outcomes have remarkably improved in the past decade with further advancement expected in future years. However, the detrimental effects of financial toxicity (FT) on patients with hematologic malignancies, because of both diagnoses and subsequent treatments, have not been studied comprehensively. We performed a systematic review of all studies reporting FT as a primary or secondary outcome among adult or pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. A total of 55 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Across studies, 20–50% of patients reported some form of FT, including loss of work productivity, food and transportation costs, and depletion of savings. Younger age, lower-income level, unemployment, and rural residence were the most commonly identified risk factors for FT. Two studies looked at survival outcomes, with one reporting improvement in survival with a decrease in financial toxicity. However, significant heterogeneity in FT definitions was found between countries and payor systems. Only half of the studies (51%, n = 28) used validated survey instruments such as the COST assessment. The present systematic review identified that FT is common in patients with hematological malignancies and may be associated with poorer outcomes. However, studies of FT generally use non-standardized methods with cross-sectional analyses rather than longitudinal, prospective assessments. Further work is needed to standardize FT reporting and investigate measures to alleviate FT among patients with hematologic malignancies.

Development, Validation, and Testing of a Self-Assessment Tool to Measure Food Safety Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors in Health Care Food Service Operations

The neutropenic diet has long been a dietary prescription for immunocompromised patients. However, its effectiveness and consistency have been constantly challenged. Researchers and health care policymakers call for liberalization of the neutropenic diet, which shifts risk management strategies from excluding "high-risk" food items to focus on safe food handling. The responsibility of food safety falls on food service workers in a health care setting. The objective of the present study was to develop and conduct psychometric testing to determine the validity and reliability of a self-assessment survey instrument tool targeting beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of health care food service workers regarding safe food handling practices. This survey validation study was conducted in four phases. First, the tool was developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. After the initial draft, the survey was tested to establish face validity and test-retest reliability to measure temporal stability. The 40-item survey was then pilot tested to assess internal consistency and construct validity. Pilot testing was conducted over a 16-month period on 211 health care food service workers across six acute care hospitals that serve immunocompromised people. The original survey comprised 46 items. Six items were removed due to low content validity scores and temporal instability. Pilot testing revealed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79). The linear regression model was a good fit (P ≤ 0.0001) after assumptions were tested and met to predict behavior from attitude. A reliable and valid self-assessment survey instrument tool was developed for use in a health care food service operation. Results of this tool can help organizations pinpoint areas in which they can improve food safety practices of food service workers who serve immunocompromised people.

Relationships between grit and lifestyle factors in undergraduate college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To investigate the influence of grit on physical activity, sleep and diet in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: 125 undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants completed an online survey while enrolled in an online class during June, 2020. Methods: The online questionairre featured the following validated survey instruments: International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants Short Form and the grit short form. Effects of grit on lifestyle behaviors were explored using several statistical approaches. Results: We found that individuals with more grit reported better eating and sleeping behaviors compared to those with less grit. However, we did not find an influence of grit on physical activity or sitting time. Conclusion: Our findings support that personality traits encompassed in grit contribute to college students reporting healthier dietary habits and better sleep quality during a global pandemic.

Items for Measuring the Construct of Workplace Oral Communication Skills (WOCS) amongst Civil Engineering Students: Step by Step Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)

One of the most crucial factors that influence the success of a construction project is communication. However, past studies found that communication failure frequently occurs at civil engineering workplaces. Among communication failures reported were oral communications, such as giving instruction and briefing; skills, which are supposed to be mastered by engineering graduates during their study years. Thus, students need to equip themselves with proper oral communication skills before they enter the industry. As such, this study aimed to develop a valid and reliable survey instrument to measure Workplace Oral Communication Skills (WOCS) by performing a step-by-step instrument validation through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The questionnaire consisted of nine components, with 39 items of Workplace Oral Communication Skills (WOCS). In the study, the EFA was carried out in three rotations until every item’s factor loading met the minimum requirement of 0.60. Notably, Bartlett’s test of Sphericity was significant (p &lt;0.05), and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was more than 0.60 in every rotation, which means that the sample size was adequate. Furthermore, all components showed a Cronbach Alpha &gt;0.70, which indicates that the instrument is reliable. The final result of the EFA showed that the WOCS construct only had six components with 25 items. Therefore, this study had managed to validate the instrument. Thus, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) can proceed in the next study using the validated instrument.

Abstract P053: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Whole Food Plant-based Diet Attitudes And Beliefs Survey

Background: Despite emerging evidence that a whole food plant-based diet (WFPBD) can reduce risk for CVD morbidity and mortality, adoption rates in the US remain low (~4%). Little is known about why this disconnect exists, and understanding this is critical to designing and implementing interventions intended to increase WFPBD consumption in the US. However, no validated survey instruments intended for use in US adults has been tested. Objective: The purpose of this study is to validate the WFPBD survey instrument using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Methods: Survey development was based on previous research in Australia and Europe, and items include “pros” and “cons” of consuming a WFPBD using constructs from the Social Cognitive Theory and the Transtheoretical Model. Sixty-four statements (33 “con” and 31 “pro”) were presented with five-item Likert scale answer options (strongly disagree to strongly agree). The WFPBD survey was administered to 412 English speaking adults in the US via MTurk. Summary statistics and CFA were used to describe outcomes and reduce the number of survey items while optimizing explained variance. Examination of item variance and covariance was used to iteratively fit a second order twelve factor model, a first order eight factor model, and a first order six factor model. Results: The mean age of participants was 34.9 years, and the sample was 12% (48) African American, 6% (25) Asian, 6% (25) Hispanic, 1% (5) Other, and 75% (309) White. The majority (85.7% (349)) had at least a Bachelor’s degree, and 33% (136) made &gt;$65K. After adjustment for low factor loadings and high cross loadings, the first order six factor model remained significant ( X 2 = 491.87, p &lt; 0.001). This model resulted in the best fit, as indicated by low RMSEA = 0.051 and SRMR = 0.048. The six factors were split between “cons” (social support, instrumental support, self-efficacy, health), and “pros” (instrumental support, health). The largest factor loadings for the latent variable WFPBD “cons” were “I wouldn't get enough energy or strength.” (0.85) and “I am not confident that I know how to prepare plant-based meals.” (0.81), while for the latent variable WFPBD “pros”, the highest factor loadings were for “Have a better quality of life.“ (0.77) and “Be fit.” (0.77). Attitudes towards animals and environmental concerns were not highly implicated and were excluded from the final model. Conclusion: The 25-item WFPBD survey produced internally consistent measures of the latent variables WFPBD “pros” and WFPBD “cons” in this sample of US adults. The reduced survey can be used to assess attitudes and beliefs towards a WFPBD and results can guide behavioral interventions development to promote adoption of a WFPBD. Results suggest the importance of reducing negative perceptions of a WFPBD related to energy and strength, increasing self-efficacy for preparing plant-based meals, and emphasizing health benefits.

THE PUNONG BARANGAY IN SOUTHERN NUEVA VIZCAYA: THEIR LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR AND COMPETENCIES

The Punong Barangay are agents of development in the national government and they play a vital role in the development and progress of our country through a strong barangay local government. The study conducted used the descriptive approach and utilized a validated survey instrument on leadership behavior and competencies. The cluster random sampling using the proportional allocation was utilized to gather data from 234 samples. The data analysis showed that the respondents were predominantly male, married, about 45 years old, high school graduates, with low annual income and with 5-9 dependents. Their leadership behavior and competencies were found as very satisfactory. There was no significant relationship between leadership behavior and profile variables. The study will serve as benchmarking reference to further improve punong barangays’ leadership behavior and competencies for good local governance. KEYWORDS: Punong Barangay, leadership behavior, and competencies

Animated, video entertainment-education to improve vaccine confidence globally during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online randomized controlled experiment with 24,000 participants

BackgroundScience-driven storytelling and entertainment-education (E-E) media demonstrate potential for promoting improved attitudes and behavioral intent towards health-related practices. Months after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerging research highlights the essential role of interventions to improve public confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine. To improve vaccine confidence, we designed three short, animated videos employing three research-informed pedagogical strategies. These can be distributed globally through social media platforms, because of their wordless and culturally accessible design. However, the effectiveness of short, animated storytelling videos, deploying various pedagogic strategies, needs to be explored across different global regions.Methods/designThe present study is a multi-site, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of (i) a storytelling-instructional-humor approach, (ii) a storytelling-analogy approach, (iii) a storytelling-emotion-focused approach, and (iv) no video. For our primary outcomes, we will measure vaccine hesitancy, and for secondary outcomes, we will measure behavioral intent to seek vaccination and hope. Using online platforms, we will recruit 12,000 participants (aged 18–59 years) from the USA and China, respectively, yielding a total sample size of 24,000.DiscussionThis trial uses innovative online technology, reliable randomization algorithms, validated survey instruments, and list experiments to establish the effectiveness of three short, animated videos employing various research-informed pedagogical strategies. Results will be used to scientifically support the broader distribution of these short, animated video as well as informing the design of future videos for rapid, global public health communication.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS #00023650. Date of registration: 2021/02/09.

Development of a Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men With Prostate Cancer.

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is often diagnosed early with prolonged survival, which makes sexual quality of life (QoL) an increasingly important treatment consideration, but existing QoL questionnaires have limited applicability for men who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) beyond penile erections and penetrative sex.AimWe aimed to create a validated survey instrument for assessing a variety of sexual activities beyond penile insertive sex for MSM after PCa treatment.MethodsBased on our previously published survey findings, we have generated a prototype questionnaire with 13 different domains, reviewed by both healthy MSM and pilot-tested by MSM treated for PCa.OutcomesWe report here on progress in developing the questionnaire and demonstrate the complexity of MSM sexual side effects resulting from PCa treatment(s).ResultsStatistical analysis of 204 responses from MSM treated for PCa showed that each domain performed well individually (Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.95; item-total correlations ranged from 0.16 to 0.89), with many significant intercorrelations between the domains (ranged from -0.048 to 0.93).Clinical ImplicationsThe questionnaire can contribute to clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions that best fit the preferred sexual practices of individual MSM.Strengths & LimitationsThe current questionnaire considers a much broader repertoire of MSM's sexual practices and preferences than other currently available questionnaires. The high intercorrelations between the many parameters demonstrate that problems in one domain can affect other domains. This preliminary analysis warrants further exploration with a larger sample size.ConclusionsOnce validated our questionnaire should help develop tailored psychosocial supports for MSM experiencing sexual dysfunction after PCa treatment and help newly diagnosed MSM with PCa make treatment decisions informed by their preferred sexual practices.Wibowo E, Dowsett GW, Nelson CJ, et al. Development of a Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men With Prostate Cancer. Sex Med 2022;10:100480.

Protocol for development and validation of instruments to measure women’s empowerment in urban sanitation across countries in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: the Agency, Resources and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) scales

IntroductionDespite an increasing emphasis on gender and empowerment in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) programmes, no rigorously validated survey instruments exist for measuring empowerment within the WaSH sector. Our objective...

Examining conceptions of assessment among a social media-based sample of early childhood professionals

ABSTRACT Education professionals’ conceptions of assessment can influence how they enact assessment with children. In this study, we explored the factor structure of a previously validated survey instrument, Brown’s Conceptions of Assessment Questionnaire (COA-III), when administered to a social-media-based sample of 241 U.S. early childhood professionals. We then used these results to examine participants’ conceptions and how these conceptions relate to one another. In common with prior research, the exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor model of the participants’ conceptions of the purposes of assessment: assessment improves educational outcomes, assessment is irrelevant, and assessment as an accountability measure. Thus, the COA-III offers promise to educational researchers, policymakers, and professional preparation programs seeking to understand what early childhood professionals think and believe about the purpose of assessment. Further analyses—namely evidence of conflicting assessment beliefs—confirmed some of the complexities of assessing young children; such findings hold important implications for assessment-related training, policy, and practice.

Coping Mechanisms Of Information Technology Students During The New Normal

Information Technology (I.T.) and the net have transformed people's approach to life and educational access. These changes brought pressures and challenges to students to adapt to the new normal. The study aimed to determine the coping mechanisms of the I.T. students during the new normal era. The study utilized a mixed-methods type of research, which develops a novel theoretical perspective by combining the strengths of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study's respondents are the 515 students from the College of Information and Communications Technology at Bulacan State University, Philippines. A validated survey instrument was disseminated through messenger to randomly selected students in the college. Furthermore, a focus group discussion with the college organization officers was done via google meet. The findings revealed a 3.27 weighted mean on their coping behavior, which means that the Information and Technology students experienced this behavior sometimes. Moreover, to cope up with the challenges in the new normal education, the coping mechanisms they did enable them to survive in their studies are time management, self-determination, giving oneself to rest and to relax through mobile games, communicating with friends. Lastly, change of environment. Furthermore, appropriate behavior in managing the stress brought by the new normal education will make studying lighter and enjoyable. Recommendations as regards coping mechanisms were submitted to the administrators to further.

Coping Mechanisms Of Information Technology Students During The New Normal

Information Technology (I.T.) and the net have transformed people's approach to life and educational access. These changes brought pressures and challenges to students to adapt to the new normal. The study aimed to determine the coping mechanisms of the I.T. students during the new normal era. The study utilized a mixed-methods type of research, which develops a novel theoretical perspective by combining the strengths of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study's respondents are the 515 students from the College of Information and Communications Technology at Bulacan State University, Philippines. A validated survey instrument was disseminated through messenger to randomly selected students in the college. Furthermore, a focus group discussion with the college organization officers was done via google meet. The findings revealed a 3.27 weighted mean on their coping behavior, which means that the Information and Technology students experienced this behavior sometimes. Moreover, to cope up with the challenges in the new normal education, the coping mechanisms they did enable them to survive in their studies are time management, self-determination, giving oneself to rest and to relax through mobile games, communicating with friends. Lastly, change of environment. Furthermore, appropriate behavior in managing the stress brought by the new normal education will make studying lighter and enjoyable. Recommendations as regards coping mechanisms were submitted to the administrators to further.

Identifying the Factors Influencing Patients' Telehealth Visit Satisfaction: Survey Validation Through a Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth as an alternative to in-person hospital visits. To understand the factors impacting the quality of telehealth services, there is a need for validated survey instruments and conceptual frameworks. The objective of this study is to validate a telehealth patient satisfaction survey by structural equation modeling (SEM) and determine the relationship between the factors in the proposed telehealth patient satisfaction model (TPSM). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pediatric patients and families receiving care from a comprehensive pediatric hospital in the Midwest between September 2020 and January 2021. In total, 2,039 usable responses were collected. We used an SEM approach by performing confirmatory factor analysis with Diagonally Weighted Least Squares modeling and Partial Least Squares-Path Modeling to establish the structural validity and examined the relationships among the constructs of "Admission Process" (AP), "Perceived Quality of Service" (PQS), and "Telehealth Satisfaction" (TS). Results: Participants were predominantly White (75%) and English-speaking (95%) parents (85%) of patients (mean age of patients was 10.2 years old). The survey responses were collected from patients visiting 43 department specialties, whereas 50% were behavioral and occupational therapy patients. The structural model showed that the admission process (AP) had a strong positive impact on perceived quality of service (PQS) (p = 0.67, t = 36.1, p < 0.001). The PQS had a strong positive impact on telehealth satisfaction (TS) (p = 0.66, t = 31.8, p < 0.001). The AP had a low positive direct impact on TS (p = 0.16, t = 7.46, p < 0.05). Overall, AP and PQS explained 61% variances (R2) of TS. Conclusions: We validated a newly proposed TS assessment model by using SEM. The TPSM will inform researchers to better understand the influencing factors in TS and help health care systems to improve telehealth patient satisfaction through a validated model.