Valid Questionnaires Research Articles

The Mediating Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Relationship between Effectiveness of Management Information System and Knowledge Acquisition

The study aims to investigate the mediating role of artificial intelligence technical skill (AI) on the relationship between effectiveness of management information system (MIS) and knowledge acquisition (KA) in Jazan University, the study used descriptive and analysis methods, A questionnaires used for data collection, (229) questionnaires were distributed, (177) valid questionnaires are returned about (%77.29) of the sample size, Several statistical methods have been used. The study found that there is positive and significant relationship between MIS effectiveness and AI technical skills, the study found that AI technical skill mediating the relationship between effectiveness of MIS and KA acquisition. These findings demonstrate the importance of AI in driving the effectiveness of KA. For future, the study recommends to apply difference dimensions of AI with difference dimensions of KA in other sectors.

Validation of the JH-SEFAC Questionnaire on Knowledge on Insulin Management by Patients with Diabetes in Community Pharmacies

To review and validate a questionnaire on knowledge of injectable insulin management (JH-SEFAC) by patients with diabetes for use in community pharmacies. Study design: cross-sectional observational in Spanish community pharmacies during the first half of 2023. Inclusion criteria: patients with diabetes, of legal age, on insulin treatment. Questionnaire design: a nominal group of community pharmacists reviewed and piloted the initial questionnaire to determine its feasibility. It was approved by the CEIC of Aragón (PI22/375). Content validation: by a multidisciplinary group of experts in diabetes, using an ad hoc evaluation questionnaire of 10 questions (Likert scale of 1-5). Reliability: by means of the internal consistency index (Cronbach's alpha) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reproducibility (test/retest): the results of the questionnaire administered twice 2-3 weeks apart to the group of patients were compared. Pharmacists members of the SEFAC Diabetes Working Group collaborated. Sample: calculated in 127 subjects (95% CI and precision of 10%). 20 community pharmacies from 13 autonomous communities included 131 patients. The expert assessment was 4.52 out of 5 (90.4%). The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin test was 0.626 and Bartlett's test was significant (p<0.001). The Cronbach's alpha of the global questionnaire was 0.804 and the ICC was 0.902. The mean score of the questionnaire was 15.98 out of 31 points. The JH-SEFAC questionnaire was validated to evaluate the management of insulin injectables, providing community pharmacists with a valuable tool for therapeutic education.

Intention to Use Leucorrheea Self-Test Innovation Kit and Collection Data through Mobile Application in Bangkok

Leukorrhea, or abnormal vaginal discharge (fungi, bacteria, and protozoa), can be indicated bacterial vaginosis or STIs. If not treated, these infections may lead to complications impacted fertility such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Therefore, the goal is to develop a self-test kit for vaginal discharge detecting all three pathogens in one device. This study examines the acceptance of innovative technologies and factors affecting the intention to self-administered leucorrhoea test kits (SALTK) with results presentation and data transmission via mobile phones. Factors influencing such intention included technology acceptance (Technology Acceptance Model: TAM), facilitating conditions, social influence, and perceived privacy risk. The data were collected using an online Google Form questionnaire. A total of 450 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. The descriptive statistics employed in this study included percentage, means, and standard deviation, and the hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis. It was found that the factors impacting the intention to use SALTK with a statistical significance level of .05 were facilitating condition, social influence, perceived privacy risk, and three key technology acceptance components, namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude toward using, respectively. SALTK modulates the beneficial for public health policies in Thailand and government agencies, the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Disease Control, establishing prevention to reach the international standards.

Research on the Driving Factors and Policy Guidance for a Reduction in Electricity Consumption by Urban Residents

The urgency of mitigating climate change and the challenges it poses to ecosystems and human systems are highlighted in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). In order to achieve sustainable development, it is imperative to adopt a series of adaptive measures to enhance the resilience of various sectors to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This article analyzes the driving mechanism behind the reduction in electricity consumption by urban residents based on 302 valid questionnaires from 18 communities in nine districts in B City. Using a method that combines qualitative and empirical research, the study proposes policy recommendations aimed at guiding urban residents toward reducing their electricity consumption. These recommendations serve as a policy reference for cities striving to achieve sustainability and low-carbon targets. The primary innovations and conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) this study summarizes the primary factors and processes influencing the reduction in electricity consumption among urban residents, examined from the following three perspectives: residents’ characteristics, psychological understanding, and external environment. (2) On the basis of the research data, empirical analysis and hypothesis testing are conducted using a variety of mathematical and statistical methods. The results indicate significant differences in the electricity consumption reduction behavior of heterogeneous urban residents in both public and private areas. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and knowledge of electricity conservation have significant direct influences on residents’ willingness to reduce their electricity consumption. Among these factors, subjective norms have the most significant impact, while the impact of attitude is negligible. Economic incentive policies have a significant positive regulatory effect on the relationship between “willingness (intention)” and “private area electricity consumption reduction behavior”.

Using structural equation modelling to investigate the mediating effects of TPACK on intention to use technology

This article aims to understand, through structural equation modelling (SEM), how the knowledge of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) mediates the intention to accept and use technology by teachers’ college lecturers. The ultimate aim is to come up with a sem-generated model which teacher training colleges can use to train lecturers in technology use. Structural equation modeling is a sophisticated multivariate statistical process that enables researchers to analyze the direct and indirect effects of variables on one another, construct theoretical concepts, test the reliability of their measurements, hypothesize and test a theory about their relationships, and account for measurement errors. A questionnaire founded on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was employed to gather data from instructors at ten teacher-training colleges. Simple random sampling was used to select 300 valid questionnaires used in the analysis. Statistic package R was used to run SEM and the results confirmed the mediating role of TPACK in the behavior intention to accept and use technology by lecturers.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Influenza Vaccine among Guangzhou Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Influenza vaccination is an important prevention strategy for flu illness. However, the vaccination rate is still low in Guangzhou, China. This study aimed to understand the status of knowledge, the attitude towards the vaccines' reliability and safety, and other aspects associated with the willingness and practice of influenza vaccines in the pediatric and adult populations of Guangzhou city. This study was performed in eleven districts in Guangzhou between November 2020 and December 2020, including the Yuexiu, Liwan, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, Panyu, Huadu, Nansha, Huangpu, Zengcheng, and Conghua districts. The parents of children and teenagers under the age of eighteen in Guangzhou were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires in four domains: demographic information, the knowledge status and perception of influenza vaccination, the willingness and attitude towards influenza vaccination, and previous vaccine uptake. A multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the possible determinants of willingness and practice to receive influenza vaccination, calculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. A total of 13,213 valid questionnaires were collected (validity rate 98.8%). Out of these participants, 42.62% (5631 participants) expressed a willingness to receive the influenza vaccine, while 55.40% (7320 participants) reported that their children and teenagers had been vaccinated against the flu. Furthermore, 40.44% of the respondents (5343 participants) or other family members had received the influenza vaccine. Logistic regression indicated that factors such as being female (OR = 1.395, 95% CI: 1.278-1.522), being involved in the work of COVID-19 prevention and control (1.551, 1.396-1.724), affirming the preventive effects of vaccination (2.474, 2.106-2.906), knowing about annual influenza vaccination (2.756, 2.540-2.992), and understanding prioritized influenza vaccination populations (1.464, 1.343-1.596) were all positively associated with vaccination willingness. Conversely, middle-aged persons (aged 40-49 years old) (0.726, 0.617-0.853), higher educational levels (undergraduate versus middle school) (0.858, 0.768-0.959), heightened concerns about vaccine safety (considering side effects are obvious versus considering it is safe and basically no side effects) (0.284, 0.188-0.429) and lower knowledge scores (0.813, 0.701-0.942) were adversely linked with vaccination willingness. These findings provide essential insights for altering the perception of influence and influenza vaccination, as well as enhancing health communication strategies to improve influenza vaccine uptake among Guangzhou residents.

Toward Postulating a Critical Digital Pedagogy Scale: Development and Validation of a Meta-Connective Attitude Questionnaire for the Online Classrooms

Although digital technology and democracy through digital learning environments are gaining attention in applied linguistics, the lack of a measurement scale with robust psychometric properties hinders progress towards education quality and learning opportunities. To address this gap, this study is a report on designing, constructing, and validating the practicality of critical digital pedagogy (CDP) scale. To undertake the study, a quantitative research following a survey design was adopted to (a) develop and validate the scale, and (b) to screen English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions. To gauge teachers’ perspectives, this study aimed to conceptualize the construct of CDP through the development and validation of a scale specifically designed for use in online classrooms. Utilizing both data-driven and theoretical approaches among 412 EFL teachers has resulted in the development of a 27-item CDP scale. Notably, the findings indicated a high level of internal consistency and satisfactory construct validity of the of the newly developed scale. Such scale can bridge the gap between critical pedagogy and digital instruction.

Type of delivery lacks the association with dietary patterns followed by pregnant women in their third trimester.

Background: Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in fetal development, women's health, and reproductive capacity. Dietary pattern (DP) is a measure of overall diet and has become widespread in nutrition research as an alternative method to studying individual components of the diet. Aim: this study aims to determine the adopted DPs by Jordanian pregnant women and evaluate their potential associations with the mode of delivery. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 249 healthy Jordanian pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy who attended antenatal clinics at Jordan University. Personal information was gathered using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. To investigate dietary patterns, a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was employed, and a pregnant physical activity questionnaire was used to estimate physical activity levels. The mode of delivery data was collected from the medical records after delivery. Results: The majority of pregnant women (82.3%) fell within the age range of 20 to 35 years. Notably, 34.5% of the mothers were classified as overweight or obese. Additionally, around one in five deliveries involved emergency cesarean sections. Four distinct DPs were identified and labelled as "fruit and vegetables", "healthy", "traditional", and 'fat and sugar" dietary patterns. However, no significant association was found between these identified dietary patterns and the occurrence of Caesarean section (CS) across all tertiles. Conclusion: The analysis revealed no substantial protective effect of the DPs against the occurrence of CS across all tertiles of dietary patterns. However, further studies are needed to either confirm or challenge our findings.

The Impact of Types of Financial Decisions on Strategic Flexibility (Analytical Study of a Sample of Iraqi Commercial Banks)

The current research aims to study the impact of financial decisions represented by in its dimensions (Dividend Distribution Resolution decision Planning and forecasting) and its effect on Strategic flexibility represented by its dimensions(Resource flexibility, Flexibility of capabilities) Through an analytical study of a sample of Iraqi commercial banks, and for the purpose of identifying financial decisions and the extent of their impact on strategic flexibility, in addition to the tireless efforts made by the banks’ management, this research came as a contribution in this field, and the purpose was to test the research hypotheses, and the researcher distributed (150) questionnaires to a sample of employees who are at the level of (General Manager, Assistant General Manager, head of Department, head of Division, Head of Financial Unit) in the aforementioned field. (119) questionnaires were retrieved from them, and some of them were not Valid. (23) one Valid questionnaires represent (96) of the total distributed questionnaires, and they were analyzed using the statistical program (23. SPSS V). The study concluded with a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: Flexibility Strategy The characteristics of the commercial banks included in the study came at an average evaluation level for the variable as a whole, as well as for both dimensions that make up this variable, which explains that these banks are characterized by an average degree of flexibility. Strategy Regarding the two dimensions that make up this variable: Based on the recommendations presented by this study and its results, the researcher presented a set of studies proposed to be conducted in the future, such as conducting a study on the complementary relationship between financial decisions and flexibility. ....

Parents' or Guardians' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in the Prevention and Management of Childhood Myopia.

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of parents or guardians regarding the prevention and management of childhood myopia. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou, China) between August 2023 and November 2023. Parents or guardians who willingly volunteered to take part in the study were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire. A total of 571 participants returned valid questionnaires, among whom 288 respondents (50.44%) fell within the 31- to 40-year age group and 474 respondents (83.01%) were identified as myopic. The mean KAP scores for the knowledge, attitude and practices dimensions were 23.34 ± 3.05 (possible range: 0-26), 46.47 ± 4.02 (possible range: 12-60), and 40.52 ± 7.07 (possible range: 11-54), respectively. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that education had a direct effect on knowledge (estimate = 0.41, P = 0.038), while knowledge directly influenced both attitude (estimate = 0.40, P < 0.001) and practices (estimate = 0.36, P < 0.001). Also, attitude was found to have a direct impact on practices (estimate = 0.45, P < 0.001). Parents or guardians had adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and proactive practices towards the prevention and management of childhood myopia, which might be affected by their educational level. This comprehensive understanding of parental perspectives highlights the potential for targeted interventions in clinical settings to further enhance pediatric eye care.

Factors influencing patient engagement in decision making for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a cross-sectional survey.

Patient engagement in decision making could improve healthcare quality and health outcome, which has been emphasized in atrial fibrillation (AF) management guidelines. However, patients report relatively low level of engagement in decision making for catheter ablation (CA). Therefore, this study aims to explore the influencing factors of AF patient engagement in decision making for CA. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 836 patients were recruited from six tertiary hospitals in Shanghai. Adapted version of the Control Preferences Scale, Chinese version of the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale, Chinese version of the Facilitation of Patient Involvement Scale and the Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire were used to measure patient engagement in decision making, health literacy, perception of physician facilitation and AF knowledge, respectively. Of the 750 patients who returned valid questionnaires, 20.2% of the patients reported active engagement in decision making, 39.5% reported collaborative engagement, and 40.3% reported passive engagement. Compared with patients perceiving passive engagement, those with collaborative or active engagement were more likely to be female, have higher income, moderate EHRA class (II and III), higher perception of physician facilitation, higher health literacy and higher AF knowledge (P＜0.05 for all). The collaborative engagement group exhibited a shorter AF duration. The degree of patient engagement in CA decision making varied, with most perceiving passive engagement. Patient engagement in decision making was influenced by gender, income, duration of AF, EHRA class, perception of physician facilitation, health literacy and AF knowledge.

Validity, Reliability and Psychometric Properties of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire among Physically Active Young Adults

Background: Exercise Dependence (ED) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable exercise behaviors leading to physiological and psychological symptoms. Valid assessment tools are crucial for identifying ED in understudied populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ) among physically active young adults in Iran. Methods: This psychometric validation study used a cross-sectional design with 200 participants aged 18-35 years (49% male, 51% female) recruited through clustered random sampling from sports clubs in Tabriz, Iran. The EDQ was administered between May-July, 2021. Validity was assessed through forward backward translation, content validity analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and testretest (intraclass correlation, ICC) methods. Ceiling and floor effects, Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC) were also determined. Results: The EDQ demonstrated good content validity (CVI=0.88, CVR=0.73). EFA yielded a 7-factor model explaining 59.45% of variance. Key factors were withdrawal symptoms, exercise for health/social reasons, positive reward, interference with life, insight into problems, and stereotyped behavior. CFA showed moderate fit. Internal consistency was adequate overall (α=0.8) but lower for some subscales. The ICC confirmed good test-retest reliability (0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.84). No ceiling and floor effects were detected. SEM and SDC were 0.52 and 1.03, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that the Persian version of the EDQ is a valid and reliable scale for assessing ED.

Explaining the Adoption of Chatbots: The Experience of Malaysian Government Agencies

ABSTRACT This research aims to investigate the elements motivating Malaysian Government Agencies (MGA) to adopt chatbots. Using a snowball sampling technique, a sum of 262 valid questionnaires were gathered. Most of the direct effect toward intention to adopt were supported. The mediation analysis revealed a positive mediating role of OR in the relationship between BDA, OLC and GP with the intention to adopt chatbots. The Government Support moderated the relationship between OR and the intention to adopt a chatbots. The study highlighted how the TOE Framework can effectively pinpoint the factors that impact the intention to adopt chatbots within MGA.

Polish language adaptation and validation of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index for individuals with temporomandibular disorders.

Given the notable prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the Polish population, there is a clear need for the use of simple, reliable questionnaires as screening tools to facilitate the referral of patients to TMD specialists. The aim of the study was to translate and adapt the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) into Polish and assess its reliability and validity in identifying TMD symptoms. The Polish adaptation of the FAI (FAI-PL) was developed in accordance with the international guidelines, including the translation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Every patient received a standardized assessment, which involved history taking and clinical examination, including the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and the FAI questionnaire. The psychometric analyses included an evaluation of the questionnaire's reliability and validity, as well as an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Of the 122 individuals enrolled in the study, 63.9% were female. The mean age of the participants was 28.1 years (standard deviation (SD): 6.3). According to the RDC/TMD standards, 40.9% of patients had no TMD, while the FAI assessment indicated that 27% of patients had no TMD. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the FAI-PL was 0.75. The exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 factors, accounting for 55.2% of the total variation. The diagnostic sensitivity of the FAI-PL was 98.6%, while the diagnostic specificity reached a level of 65.3%. The Polish version of the FAI is a reliable and valid tool for the screening of TMD symptoms in the Polish-speaking population.

The Social Support Perceived by Patients with Schizophrenia at Ali-Kamal Center in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan of Iraq

Background: Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder marked by a diverse range of symptoms. Patients’ perception of social support affects the progress of schizophrenia. Aim: This study aimed mainly to assess social support perceived by patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The present study quantitative- descriptive study on a convenience sample of 100 patients experiencing schizophrenia recruited from the outpatient psychiatric clinic of Ali-kamal Center in Sulaiamani City/Iarq. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used which includes sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and a multidimensional of perceived social support scale. The interview method was employed to collect the data. Results: Low social support was perceived by patients with schizophrenia. Gender P = 0.05; economic status,P = 0.04; and educational level P = 0.01 were statistically significantly associated with low social support among the sample. Conclusion and Recommendation: The role of social support emphasized by schizophrenic patients and the essential need for treatment that includes psychological treatment is also addressed to improve prognosis; moreover, additional studies are needed about the effect of social support on schizophrenic patients.

The Influencing Mechanism of Robustness of Emergency Medical Logistics: Mediating Role of Knowledge Integration

Drawing on the social capital theory, the research examines the impact of network size, network centrality, trust, and regulation on the knowledge integration and robustness of emergency medical logistics. Additionally, the research seeks to provide deeper insight into the link between the variables by studying how knowledge integration mediates the relationship between independent variables and the robustness of emergency medical logistics. The study utilized structural equation modeling to assess the underlying assumptions of the research model. A total of 465 valid questionnaires were collected from government departments, hospitals, social teams, and enterprises. The data processing and analysis were conducted using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 24.0 software. The study’s outcome indicated that network size and network centrality have indirect effects on the robustness of emergency medical logistics through the intermediate variable of knowledge integration, but neither has a direct effect. Moreover, knowledge integration has a significant positive impact on the robustness of emergency medical logistics. Both trust and regulation have positive effects on the robustness of emergency medical logistics, and they also have positive effects on the robustness of emergency medical logistics through knowledge integration. This study is the inaugural exploration of the correlation between knowledge integration and the robustness of emergency medical logistics. It adds to the literature by providing evidence that knowledge integration is an essential emergency organization’s aide in promoting the robustness of emergency medical logistics. The findings of this study establish a strong theoretical foundation and practical significance for ensuring and improving the level of effectiveness in emergency medical logistics management.

Validation of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Sri Lankan track and field athletes

BackgroundWhile several validated sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires exist, none are specifically designed to assess the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of Sri Lankan track and field athletes. This study aims to validate the Sri Lankan Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SLn-SNKQ), tailored for this athlete group, to provide more accurate and meaningful insights for research and practice. This will enable health professionals and coaches to confidently assess athletes’ nutrition knowledge, which directly influences their food choices.MethodsThe validity of the questionnaire was established through a multi-step approach. Content validity was achieved via ratings from nutrition experts, all of whom had specialized training in human nutrition and experience of working with athletes. Face validity was evaluated through in-depth telephone interviews with elite or highly trained athletes, using a retrospective think-out-loud protocol to gather feedback on the clarity and relevance of the questions. Construct validity involved nutrition-trained doctors (NTG), non-nutrition-trained professionals (NNTG), and elite-level athletes’ groups (AG). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated.ResultsThe final tool comprised 123 individual statements or prompts (items) that were organized into 32 broader questions, spanning 12 sub-sections. Content validity was confirmed by fully integrating 49 out of 70 comments and partially integrating four comments received from nutrition experts for each sub-section. Face validity was established by fully integrating 33 out of 40 comments received from 16 elite and highly trained athletes. Construct validity was confirmed, indicating significant differences in the total scores achieved as a percentage of the SLn-SNKQ among the NTG (462.5, 92.5%), NNTG (223.5, 44.7%), and AG (235, 47.0%; p < 0.001). Reproducibility was established by strong test-retest reliability between individuals’ scores on two test attempts, three weeks apart (spearman’s correlation; ρ = 0.99, p < 0.05). Internal reliability for each sub-section met psychometric reliability requirements (Cronbach’s α > 0.7).ConclusionsThe SLn-SNKQ has been validated and demonstrates robust psychometric properties, offering a reliable tool for assessing SNK among Sri Lankan track and field athletes.

Development of Javanese Gamelan Learning Media for Elementary School Students in Egypt Using the MNI-Javanese Gamelan Android Application

This study aims to: (1) To determine the development of Javanese gamelan learning media for elementary school students in Egypt using the Arabic MNI-Javanese gamelan Android application (2) To determine the feasibility of the MNI-Javanese gamelan android application product in Javanese gamelan learning for elementary school students in Egypt. This research is development research (R&amp;D) with the ADDIE development model. The subject of this study is Grade 6 students totaling 22 students. The data used in the study are quantitative data and qualitative data. The data collection technique and instruments used a list of needs analysis questions, validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, teacher response questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results of this research are application products in the form of MNI-Gamelan Java applications, teacher books, student books for grade 6 students in Sudanese African Asia school (SAAS). (2) The results of the assessment of Javanese gamelan learning media products using the MNI-Javanese gamelan android application from media experts, material experts, and users (students) obtained the following scores: media experts in application design visualization (93.84%) in the Very Good category, media experts in book illustration visualization (90.9%) in the Very Good category, material experts (74.5%) in the Good category, small-scale trials of teacher responses (85.33%) in the Very Good category, Small-scale trials with student responses (95.55%) in the Very Good category, large-scale trials with teacher responses (88.84%) in the Very Good category, large-scale trials with student responses with a percentage (97.64%) in the Very Good category.

Risk factors of foodborne parasitic diseases still remain in China: a WeChat-based knowledge, attitudes, and practices study

ObjectiveWith the progress of economic globalization and food diversification, foodborne parasitic diseases pose a significant public health challenge in China. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding foodborne parasitic diseases among the Chinese population via WeChat, which is a promising tool for disease surveillance and health education.MethodsUsing a questionnaire, this cross-sectional study was conducted on September 25, 2023. Participants completed a structured questionnaire by scanning a QR code provided in a tweet from the WeChat official account of the Jiangsu Institute of Parasite Disease. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to explore potential independent determinants of adequate knowledge of foodborne parasitic diseases, and the positive attitude and good practice rates of the participants were calculated.ResultsIn total, 5,675 valid questionnaires were collected via the WeChat official account. Most participants (79.91%) fell within the age range of 20–40 years, with a higher representation of males (53.18%), and 89.80% were of Han Chinese ethnicity. It was found that 76.65% of the participants had adequate level of knowledge. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals of Hui nationality (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40–0.81, p = 0.002), clinicians (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.09–0.19, p < 0.001), teachers (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34–0.69, p < 0.001), and government staff (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.30–0.53, p < 0.001) had significantly higher levels of knowledge. Among the participants, 33.9% reported consuming raw fish or drunken shrimp, 10.6% would still try to consume raw fish despite the risk of parasitic infection, and 84.1% did not use separate cutting boards for raw and cooked foods in their kitchens.ConclusionsAlthough majority of the Chinese public (76.65%) demonstrates adequate level of knowledge on foodborne parasitic diseases, there is a need to enhance personal hygiene practices and dietary habits, particularly the utilization of distinct cutting boards and the consumption of raw fish. A WeChat official account is an accessible tool for spreading foodborne parasitic diseases related health information to the public. WeChat-based health education should be implemented to enhance public awareness regarding the prevention and control of foodborne parasitic diseases.

Suicidal Ideation, Psychological Distress and Depression in Medical Students of Pakistan: Surviving or Thriving

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: In recent years, psychological stress has lead to increase in suicide cases readily among medical students of many countries. This study aims determine the prevalence of psychological stress, major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students of a government setup medical university in Pakistan. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The data was gathered using a valid questionnaire containing 10 items Kessler psychological distress scale. The scale consists of the severity of the psychological distress from well, mild, moderate, and severe. Physical health questionnaire 2(PHQ2) was used for identifying the students with major depressive illness. Suicidal ideation was assessed using item no. 9 from PHQ9 questionnaire. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation, distress and major depression among 353 students of MBBS was 22.9%, 63.1%, 27.8% respectively. The students with major depression and moderate/severe distress are more probable to think about suicide. Moreover, Students who choose medicine under the family influence are more likely to have suicidal ideation. Besides this, we found that particularly females experience higher psychological distress as compared to males. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: In the overall study, it is identified that suicidal ideation is strongly correlated to depression and distress. However, controlling these factors at an early stage can prevent the suicidal thoughts, which inevitably can reduce the suicide attempts not only in medical students but could also be valuable for students of different fields.