Validity Of Attitudes Research Articles

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of an Attitude about Euthanasia Scale in Portuguese Older Adults with Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder.

On 25 May 2023, the Portuguese parliament approved the decriminalisation of euthanasia for incurable illnesses. As the experiences of other countries show us, it will be a matter of time before mental disorders are addressed. Studying the phenomenon, particularly in vulnerable groups, in advance is essential for proper law drafting. Therefore, instruments that allow an objective assessment and comparison between groups must be available. This study aims to explore the validation of Faria's attitude about euthanasia scale in Portuguese older adults with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. A sample of 114 older adults with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder collected by convenience in the Psychiatry Department of Senhora da Oliveira Hospital in Portugal was included. The pre-final version of the scale was tested in a small group with good results. The validity of the internal structure was analysed using exploratory factorial analysis. The internal consistency study verified reliability. For construct validity, we assessed the correlation with other validated scales measuring attitudes toward euthanasia, cognitive performance, personality and empathy. The attitude about euthanasia scale showed good internal consistency. One factor was retained in the principal component analysis. Significant correlations verified construct validity. The results support the scale's usefulness and validity. This study makes available a unique instrument to assess the overall tendency of the attitudes towards euthanasia from the European-Portuguese perspective, which can be used, for example, to compare Portuguese with Brazilian older adults suffering from the same disorder. Furthermore, the adapted scale paves the way for other cross-cultural translations, adaptations, validations, and comparative analyses.

Construction and Validation of Attitude towards Aging Scale for Pakistani Population

Construction and Validation of Attitude towards Aging Scale for Pakistani Population

Development and Validation of Attitudes and Concerns toward COVID-19 Vaccination Scale

Background: COVID-19 vaccines are one of the fastest developed vaccines to date. People have different views and opinions about it. A positive attitude can strengthen the vaccination program, whereas a negative attitude will be an obstacle for a healthy and safe nation. This study aimed at developing and validating the Attitudes and Concerns toward the COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Initial draft of 48 items was developed based on literature review and interview of experts. After content validation with four experts and semantic validation with 20 respondents, 32 items were retained and administered to 607 Indian adults aged 18–60 years. Results: Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS Version-23 with AMOS. Exploratory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure for the attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination and three factors structure for the concern domain. Cronbach alpha for “Vaccine Acceptance” and “Vaccine Hesitance” was.825 and.721. The reliability of religious concerns (α = 0.785), social concerns (α = 0.714), and health concern (α = 0.699) subscales was acceptable. The confirmatory factor analysis results verified two-factor model of attitude and three-factor model of concerns as the model indices were close to 1; RMSEA was 0.000 and PCLOSE values were 0.861 and 0.927, respectively, for Parts I and II. Conclusion: This is 12-item scale that measures vaccine acceptance, vaccine hesitance, religious concerns, social concerns, and health concerns related to COVID-19 vaccination.

Construction and validation of attitude towards teaching scale (ATTS)

The study's primary objective was to construct and validate an attitude scale for student instructors toward the teaching profession, which was then tested in the field. The participants were chosen via the use of a simple random selection approach. There was a descriptive study design as well as a quantitative survey approach utilised. There were a total of 50 first-year student teachers from the Tiruchirappalli district who took part in the event. When conducting the current experiment, the investigator used a Likert type scale in order to assess student teachers' attitudes about teaching. Each item on the Likert-type scale is assessed on a five-point scale ranging from "Strongly agree" to "Strongly disagree," with the highest mark being "Strongly disagree." In most cases, the points are expressed by the terms "Strongly Agree (SA)", "Agree (A)", "Undecided (UD)", "Disagree (DA)" and "Strongly Disagree (SDA). At the time of the pilot research, there were 48 statements on the scale that related to the teaching attitude. The statements on the scale correspond to the significance of the item under investigation. By using the internal consistency approach, it was possible to calculate the reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha (.829).

Development and Validation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Antibiotics Questionnaire (KAPAQ) for General Community

Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards antibiotics with a valid and reliable questionnaire is essential to design an intervention to minimize misuse and overuse of antibiotics in the general community setting. This study aimed to develop and validate knowledge, attitude, and practice towards antibiotics questionnaire (KAPAQ). This study consists of the development and validation phase. The development questionnaire was based on a literature review, early individual interviews, and panel experts. The validation phase consisted of face, content, and construct validity. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) was used to analyze Content validity. Construct validity for attitude and practice was measured using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Item analysis was employed for knowledge evaluation. Reliability was evaluated with internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Validity and reliability were assessed using 407 respondents. The final KAPAQ consisted of three domains with 45 items. Items’ difficulty and discrimination index in the knowledge domain was acceptable, with the Cronbach’s α and test-retest reliability being 0.827 and 0.713, respectively. Four factor-solutions emerged for the attitude and practice domain with a cumulative contribution of 59.79% and 58.99%, respectively. The CFA result indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed model. Every factor in both attitude and practice domain had an acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability range. The KAPAQ was psychometric valid and reliable to assess KAP among the general community towards antibiotics.

Assessing the reliability and validity of attitudes and confidence scales for the care of women and girls affected by female genital mutilation/cutting

BackgroundApproximately 545,000 women and girls in the USA have undergone Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting (FGM/C) or have mothers from a country where FGM/C is practiced. Women and girls living with FGM/C in the USA may experience stigma and bias due to their FGM/C, immigration, racial, and language status. Health care provider attitudes toward FGM/C and confidence for related clinical care may affect the quality of care, yet there are no validated instruments to measure these constructs.MethodsWe developed the instruments via review of the FGM/C literature, the development of scale items, expert review, and pre-testing. We validated the instruments using a convenience sample of providers in Arizona and Maryland. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to confirm factor structures, and compared scores between known groups to assess validity.ResultsThe EFA revealed a two-factor solution for attitudes, including subscales for Negative Attitudes and Empathetic Attitudes toward FGM/C and those who practice with Cronbach’s alphas of 0.814 and 0.628 respectively. The EFA for confidence revealed a two-factor solution including Confidence in Clinical FGM/C Care and Confidence in Critical Communication Skills for FGM/C Care with Cronbach’s alphas of 0.857 and 0.694 respectively.ConclusionsHealth care provider attitudes and confidence toward FGM/C care may affect quality of care and health outcomes for women and girls. Our study describes the rigorous psychometric analysis to create reliable and valid instruments to assess health care provider attitudes and confidence for the care of women and girls who have experienced FGM/C.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03249649. Registered on 15 August 2017. Retrospectively registered.

The development and validation of the Attitudes Towards Individuals Who Sell Sex Inventory (ATISS)

ABSTRACT The attitudes of others towards individuals who sell sex (ISS) can have a significant impact on how the population is treated in interpersonal interactions and social systems. The current study outlines the development and validation of Attitudes Towards Individuals Who Sell Sex Inventory (ATISS), an instrument designed to reliably and validly assess attitudes towards ISS. The authors present three studies outlining the development and validation of the ATISS. Study 1 revealed a four-factor structure across 21 items including social distance, human value, impact on society, and parenting. Study 2a and 2b revealed sufficient construct, convergent, and discriminant validity for the ATISS including adequate test-retest reliability. Findings indicate that the ATISS is a psychometrically sound instrument to measure attitudes towards ISS.

Development and Validation of Attitude Towards Honour Killing Scale

The present study aimed at developing a valid and reliable scale for assessing attitudes towards honour killing in Pakistan. The scale was developed in three phases; item pool generation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The initial item pool was generated form in-depth interviews with professionals (i.e., lawyers, journalists, psychologists, religious scholars, police officials, and social activists) and perpetrators in jail. In order to validate the initial 19 item scale, 459 adults, within the age range of 18-60 years were recruited from the Federal capital city and other cities of Punjab by using convenient sampling technique. For validation of the factor structure, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was run using Maximum Likelihood (ML) extraction method and promax rotation method. The analysis yielded two factors (affirmation and deterrents of honour killing) that accounted for 32% variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out to validate the factor structure explored through EFA. An independent sample of 695 adults was recruited for confirmatory study. Results of CFA indicated a good model fit for the final scale comprising 17 items. The Cronbach alpha coefficients for the two factors were .79 and .61, respectively. The convergent and discriminant validity of the final scale was also determined using the Gender Role Attitude Scale (Anila & Ansari, 1992) and Extremism Scale (Gilani & Altaf, 2005.

Development and validation of Attitudes towards Recovery Questionnaire across Chinese people in recovery, their family carers, and service providers in Hong Kong

Considering the lack of existing measures on attitudes toward personal recovery and the need to acknowledge the cultural milieu in recovery attitude assessment, the present study developed and validated the Attitudes towards Recovery Questionnaire (ARQ) in a sample of people in recovery of mental illness, family carers, and mental health service providers in Hong Kong. The ARQ was developed based on existing literature and measures of recovery, and focus group discussions with various stakeholders. Findings of the multi-sample confirmatory factor analyses supported a five-factor structure: (1) resilience as a person in recovery, (2) self-appreciation and development, (3) self-direction, (4) family involvement, and (5) social ties and integration. The ARQ was positively correlated with recovery outcomes, empowerment, recovery knowledge, and recovery orientation of mental health services. As a tool for examining recovery attitudes, the ARQ informs us of the mindset across stakeholders and areas that need enhancement to facilitate the recovery process.

Reliability and Validity of Attitude and Heading Reference System Motion Estimation in a Novel Mirror Therapy System

In this study, we conducted an experiment for validating a motion estimation system used in novel mirror therapy. The proposed motion estimation system consists of two parts. The first part is motion estimation using attitude and heading reference system sensors. The system attaches a reference frame to a patient to provide flexibility to the patient’s movements. The second part is a compensation algorithm that uses principal component analysis (PCA). Ten subjects performed simple reaching tasks for the validation experiment. The results showed success rate of 89.67% under normal conditions. The PCA-based compensation algorithm increases the success rate from 89.67 to 92.89%. Accurate capturing of healthy arm motion will make effective robot-aided mirror therapy systems feasible.

Development and Validation of Attitude toward Gestational Surrogacy Scale in Iranian Infertile Couples.

Surrogacy is one of the most challenging infertility treatments engaging ethical, psychological and social issues. Attitudes survey plays an important role to disclosure variant aspects of surrogacy, to help meeting legislative gaps and ambiguities, and to convert controversial dimensions surrounding surrogacy to a normative concept that eliminates stigma. The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive scale for gestational surrogacy attitudes. Development process of gestational surrogacy attitudes scale (GSAS) performed based on a descriptive cross-sectional study and included a rich data pool gathered from literature reviews, a qualitative pilot study on 15 infertile couples (n=30), use of expert advisory panel (EAP) consisting of 20 members, as well as use of content validity through qualitative and quantitative study by the means of content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Also internal consistence using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability using intracalss correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated. Application of GSAS was tested in a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 200 infertile couples (n=400) at Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran, during 2014. Final version of GSAS had 30 items within five subscales including "acceptance of surrogacy", "Surrogacy and public attitudes", "Child born through surrogacy", "Surrogate mother", and "Intentional attitude and surrogacy future attempt". Content validity was represented with values of CVR=0.73 and CVI =0.98. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.91 for the overall scale, while ICC value due to test-retest responses was 0.89. Acceptable level of competency and capability of GSAS is significantly indicated; therefore, it seems to be an appropriate tool for the evaluation of gestational surrogacy attitudes in Iranian infertile couples.

Validation of Attitude and Heading Reference System and Microsoft Kinect for Continuous Measurement of Cervical Range of Motion Compared to the Optical Motion Capture System.

ObjectiveTo compare optical motion capture system (MoCap), attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) sensor, and Microsoft Kinect for the continuous measurement of cervical range of motion (ROM).MethodsFifteen healthy adult subjects were asked to sit in front of the Kinect camera with optical markers and AHRS sensors attached to the body in a room equipped with optical motion capture camera. Subjects were instructed to independently perform axial rotation followed by flexion/extension and lateral bending. Each movement was repeated 5 times while being measured simultaneously with 3 devices. Using the MoCap system as the gold standard, the validity of AHRS and Kinect for measurement of cervical ROM was assessed by calculating correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement (LoA).ResultsMoCap and ARHS showed fair agreement (95% LoA<10°), while MoCap and Kinect showed less favorable agreement (95% LoA>10°) for measuring ROM in all directions. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values between MoCap and AHRS in –40° to 40° range were excellent for flexion/extension and lateral bending (ICC>0.9). ICC values were also fair for axial rotation (ICC>0.8). ICC values between MoCap and Kinect system in –40° to 40° range were fair for all motions.ConclusionOur study showed feasibility of using AHRS to measure cervical ROM during continuous motion with an acceptable range of error. AHRS and Kinect system can also be used for continuous monitoring of flexion/extension and lateral bending in ordinary range.

P-321: Development and validation of Attitudes towards Vaccinations Scale

P-321: Development and validation of Attitudes towards Vaccinations Scale

P-315: Development and validation of attitudes towards vaccinations

P-315: Development and validation of attitudes towards vaccinations

Validation of Attitudes and Beliefs on Classroom Control Inventory among Beginning Teachers in Singapore Schools

Teachers’ attitudes and beliefs on classroom management contribute significantly to student learning and development. Despite its importance, research in this aspect, however, has still been stymied by the difficulty of measuring teachers’ classroom management attitudes and beliefs. Psychometrically sound instruments to measure teachers’ classroom management attitudes and beliefs are still unavailable for use in Asian classrooms. In view of such reality, this study was intended to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Attitudes and Beliefs of Classroom Control Inventory-Adapted (ABCC-A) in Singapore schools. Construct validation of ABCC-A was conducted in three studies. Participants’ responses to the 27-item ABCC inventory from the first-phase data collection (N = 512) were used in study 1 and study 2. Participants and their responses to the revised ABCC-A inventory from the second-phase data collection were used in study 3. In study 1, half of the first-phase data collection sample (N 1 = 259) was randomly selected for the exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. In the study 2, the other half of first-phase sample (N 2 = 253) will be used for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) test. In study 3, participants (N 3 = 41) who completed the revised ABCC-A, teacher efficacy scale, and questionnaire on teacher interaction questionnaires in the second-phase data collection will be used for convergent and discriminate validity tests. The CFA of ABCC-A revealed a good model fit of instruction management and people management subscales and acceptable evidence of invariance among different groups of beginning teachers in Singapore primary and secondary schools.

Construct validation of attitude toward arts and art education survey for preservice art teachers using Rasch model techniques

Construct validation of attitude toward arts and art education survey for preservice art teachers using Rasch model techniques

Construct validation of attitude toward arts and art education survey for preservice art teachers using Rasch model techniques

Construct validation of attitude toward arts and art education survey for preservice art teachers using Rasch model techniques

Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: Job Ambivalence as a Moderator

Based on research regarding the role of attitudinal ambivalence in the validity of attitudes in predicting behavior, we propose job ambivalence as a promising concept for job satisfaction research. In particular, we argue that job ambivalence (i.e., coexistence of positive and negative evaluations of one's job) may moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. Results of a study conducted with managers of an IT company show, as predicted, that job satisfaction is a better predictor of job performance (i.e., higher satisfaction related to higher performance) when individuals experience low job ambivalence, as compared to when individuals experience high job ambivalence. Implications for future research are discussed.

Attitudes and Psycholinguistic Aspects of First Language Maintenance among Russian‐Jewish Immigrants in Israel

ABSTRACT This study investigated the social attitudes and academic skills in Russian and Hebrew of Russian‐Jewish immigrant students in northern Israel. The Russian community in Israel is unique in that its members maintain their language and culture and always show their singularity as a strong cohesive ethnic group. A total of 60 participants took part in the study. They answered an attitude questionnaire and the following tests in Russian and Hebrew: working memory, oral cloze, visual condition, phonological condition, orthographic condition, word attack, word identification and spelling test. Further, for validation of attitudes results beyond self‐report questionnaires, 30 open interviews were conducted. The results indicated that these Russian new immigrants were inslrumentally oriented towards learning Hebrew. They possessed moderate anxiety and did not learn Hebrew for army service purposes or to integrate into Israeli society. Their attitude towards the class‐learning situation was not very positive. The results of the linguistic skills in Russian and Hebrew indicated superiority of the former. Regression procedures indicated that only the spelling test score of the Russian language was a significant predictor of Hebrew word recognition.

Effects of a Neutral Answer Choice on the Reliability and Validity of Attitude and Opinion Items

Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine whether a middle alternative in the response choices to a questionnaire influences the reliability and validity of survey responses. A 32-item questionnaire regarding maternity care was administered to a sample of 1,390 persons consisting of 597 physicians, 723 nurses, and 70 midwives. The sample was randomly divided into two groups, one receiving a questionnaire with five answer choices, including a middle option, and the other receiving a similar questionnaire but without the middle option. Results showed that including a neutral option had little effect on overall reliability and validity; however, it did allow better psychometric coherence when the items were considered globally. The effect of the middle option also depends on the opinions the surveyed persons hold about the study issue.