Validity Index Research Articles

Linguistic-cultural validation of a French version of the oral health assessment tool

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to conduct a linguistic-cultural validation for the French context, of the original Australian version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) scale.MethodsThe study design is a mixed retrospective-prospective psychometric and linguistic translation/validation/study of the Oral Health Assessment Tool. This validation involved two samples: a retrospective convenience sample of 1319 patients from the “Geriatric Frailty Clinic (GFC) for Assessment of Frailty and Prevention of Disability” and a prospective sample included 50 patients (34 from the long-term care unit and 16 from the neuro-locomotive follow-up care and rehabilitation unit).ResultsThe face validity showed a clarity score for each item higher than 80%. The content validity was confirmed by a content validity index for items (I-CVI) score equal to or greater than 0.8 for each item and a content validity index for scales (S-CVI) of 0.91 for the entire tool. Internal consistency was considered good in the retrospective sample (Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.73) and excellent in the prospective sample (Cronbach’s alphas were 0.90 for each examiner). Inter-rater reliability was excellent for the total OHAT score (ICC = 0.98, 95% CI (0.97–0.99) at T0, and ICC = 0.99, 95% CI (0.99-1) at T1) and showed strong to almost perfect agreement (κ-values for single items varying from a minimum of 0.85 to 1) by items. Intra-rater reliabilities were considered substantial to excellent by items.ConclusionsThe French version of the OHAT is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the oral health of older people even with cognitive disorders.

Development and Validation of a Chinese Version of an Information Needs Questionnaire for Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy.

The efficacy of radiotherapy and the satisfaction of patients can be significantly improved by adequately addressing their information needs. This process is impeded by the current lack of a comprehensive tool for assessing these needs. To develop an Information Needs Questionnaire for patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy and to assess its reliability and validity. The initial item pool for the questionnaire was developed through a literature analysis and semi-structured interviews with 12 patients with breast cancer receiving radiotherapy. The Delphi method was employed to consult 16 experts and the questionnaire content was refined based on expert feedback and item ratings to form the first draft. A pre-investigation was conducted on 30 patients with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy to refine the item expression. From March-October 2024, item analysis, factor analyses, and reliability tests were conducted on 220 patients. This study adhered to STROBE guidelines. The final questionnaire comprised 36 items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 dimensions, with all item factor loading within their respective dimensions being ≥ 0.4 and no items exhibiting multiple loadings. These five factors accounted for 72.805% of the total variance. The overall content validity index was 0.980, with item-level content validity index ranging from 0.900 to 1.000. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.959, and the coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.786 to 0.958. The Information Needs Questionnaire demonstrated excellent reliability and validity in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. It can effectively guide medical staff to accurately assess the information needs of patients with breast cancer who are undergoing radiotherapy. Identifying the authentic informational needs of breast cancer patients throughout the entire radiotherapy process is instrumental in enabling medical staff to devise personalised and targeted information support interventions. A total of 220 participants provided perspectives on their information needs.

Psychometric evaluation of smartphone addiction scale – short version (SAS-SV) among young adults of India

ABSTRACT Background: Although smartphones have considerable utility, they also have addiction potential. The early detection of problematic smartphone use (PSU) can have significant implications for managing its psychosocial consequences. Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV), initially developed for South Korean adolescents, has emerged as a reliable measure for adults across countries. However, SAS-SV continues to be used unvalidated in India. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of SAS-SV for the Indian adult population. Materials and Methods: Content validation of SAS-SV was done by 10 experts, followed by data collection for validation using a cross-sectional design from 434 participants (Mage = 25.4; SDage = 2.6; 58.8% females). The datasheet consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire and SAS-SV. Statistical analyses comprised confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analyses, percentiles, and evaluation of sociodemographic variables. Results: SAS-SV’s content validity index was 0.93, and item wordings were adjusted after experts’ feedback. CFA did not show good fit indices; hence, EFA was used, which explained 44% of the variance from a unifactorial model. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85, McDonald’s Omega was 0.86, and test-retest reliability was 0.81. There were no significant PSU differences in gender, marital status, and occupational status. Higher PSU was associated with lower age, lower education, nuclear family, and more hours of smartphone usage. Conclusion: The current study established the psychometric properties of SAS-SV for the Indian adult population. SAS-SV can be used for assessment and treatment monitoring of PSU.

From classroom to screen: a cross-sectional study on medical students’ first experiences with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionFollowing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most universities around the world transitioned from in-person classrooms to online learning methods. This study aimed to explore the initial experiences of medical students with e-learning during the pandemic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran, as well as to identify differences in students’ general perceptions based on their demographic characteristics.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 507 medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. To gather information for this study, a questionnaire created by the researchers was used, which consisted of six variables and 26 items on a Likert scale. The content validity of the questionnaire was assessed using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The reliability of the questionnaire, based on the internal consistency of the questions, was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 97.5%. Data were analyzed using a one-sample t-test, independent t-test, ANOVA, and MANOVA.ResultsStudents had satisfactory e-learning experiences, and the average of e-learning components was: technological facilities (4.29 ± 1.13), technical support (4.00 ± 1.08), e-content quality (3.84 ± 1.05), synchronous education (3.59 ± 1.31), asynchronous education (3.73 ± 1.20), and teacher-student interaction (3.63 ± 1.32). Students’ perceptions of the e-learning environment were shown to be substantially connected to their age, access to electronic devices, computer proficiency, prior experience regarding e-learning, and the school in which they are studying, respectively (P = 0.027). Furthermore, students who had access to a computer were more satisfied than those who only had access to a mobile phone (P < 0.001). In medical schools where teacher-student interaction was better, more satisfaction was observed (P < 0.001). The gender factor had no effect on students’ views.ConclusionEven though it seems like e-learning can be a good substitute for or complement to face-to-face training, the most important thing that makes this method more effective is the interaction between the teacher and the students.

Adaptation and Validation of the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-24) for Utilization in Multiplayer Virtual Reality Environments

Background Multiplayer Virtual Reality-Based Simulations (MPVR-based simulations) with immersive 3D environments have become an important tool in interprofessional education (IPE). However, instruments to measure interprofessional socialization in MPVR-based education are limited. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) is a useful tool for evaluating interprofessional socialization. This pilot study aimed to adapt and validate the ISVS-24 for use in interprofessional MPVR-based simulations settings. Methods Seventy-two participants, including anesthesiology residents (at novice, junior, and senior levels), general physicians, and nurses, were recruited voluntarily. The ISVS-24 was cross-culturally adapted and reviewed by experts for content validity in the MPVR simulation context. Participants completed the adapted ISVS after undergoing an interprofessional MPVR-based simulation. Structural validity was assessed using factorial analysis through principal component analysis. Content validity was measured using the mean content validity index (CVI). Consistency validity was evaluated with Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC), and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test indicated sampling adequacy (0.885), and Bartlett’s sphericity test was significant (χ2(42) = 472.725, p < 0.05). A three-section structure was confirmed. The mean CVI was 0.815, with 21 valid items (Aiken’s V ≥ 0.5). Among the 72 respondents, 40 were female (55.6%) and 32 were male (44.4%); 26 were anesthesiology residents (36.1%), 23 were general physicians (31.9%), and 23 were nurses (31.9%). The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.959. PCC for all items exceeded the r table value (> 0.232) with p < 0.05, showing significant item relationships. Conclusions The adapted version of ISVS for MPVR simulation-based education has good validity and reliability to assess interprofessional socialization in an MPVR-based simulation setting.

Validation and assessment of the arabic psychological first aid scale among physicians, nurses, and counselors in Jordan

BackgroundPsychological first aid (PFA) involves strategies to tackle problems that occur as a result of disasters. This study aimed to validate the Arabic version of PFA scale through validity (face, content, convergent, discriminant validity, and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha). Furthermore, it aimed to assess the perceived levels of knowledge, skills, and attitudes of PFA among healthcare providers (HCPs). Moreover, it determined the differences between HCPs based on their knowledge, skills, and attitudes of PFA.MethodsA sample size of 389 HCPs (physicians = 68, nurses = 173, and counselors = 148) was conveniently selected to participate during the period of 10 December 2023 to 10 February 2024 after completing the translated PFA scale into the Arabic language. Descriptive, translation, validation process, and reliability were conducted.ResultsThe translation process was satisfied. The content validity index was 0.91, yielding proper clarity of items. Three constructs were loaded with a total variation of 63.43%, indicating a proper model fit. The goodness-of-fit indices for the PFA model revealed that relative chi-square was 1.47, comparative fit index was 0.91, Tucker-Lewis index was 0.89, and the root mean square of error approximation was 0.046. Cronbach alpha values for knowledge, skills, and attitudes of PFA were 0.90, 0.89, 0.87, respectively. We found that counselors have more knowledge (64.4%), skills (73.4%), and attitudes (73.4%) compared to physicians and nurses. There are significant differences (p < 0.001) between the selected HCP groups, particularly for the counselors’ group in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes of PFA.ConclusionsThe Arabic PFA scale is valid and reliable among HCPs. The results highlight the emergent need to provide knowledge, skills, and attitudes of PFA interventions among medical professionals, particularly for physicians and nurses. The Arabic version of PFA helps all HCPs in Arab countries to assess, apply, and implement PFA interventions.

Development and Validation of a Shave Biopsy Training Checklist

Background and Objectives: Residencies train residents in procedures and assess their competency, but existing assessment tools have demonstrated poor reliability and have not been validated. Methods: This mixed-methods study validated a shave biopsy checklist with family medicine and dermatology faculty at two academic centers. In each phase of the study, teaching faculty scored a video-recorded simulated procedure using the checklist, and investigators assessed content validity, interrater reliability, and accuracy. Results: In focus groups of nine family medicine and dermatology faculty, 16 of 18 checklist items met or surpassed 80% interrater reliability. Overall checklist reliability was 74%. Focus group surveys initially revealed insufficient content validity. Lowest performing items were removed, and then the follow-up content validity index (0.76) surpassed the required threshold (0.62). Twenty-one of 70 family medicine faculty completed a final survey, which showed a content validity index of 0.63, surpassing the required threshold of 0.42. Twelve of 70 family medicine faculty viewed and scored a simulated video-recorded procedure. Overall interrater reliability was 91% (Cohen’s d=1.36). Fourteen of 16 checklist items demonstrated greater than or equal to 90% interrater reliability. Accuracy analysis revealed 67.9% correct responses in focus groups and 84.9% in final testing (simple t test, P&amp;lt;.001, Cohen’s d=1.4). Conclusions: This rigorously validated checklist demonstrates appropriate content validity, interrater reliability, and accuracy. Findings support use of this shave biopsy checklist as an objective mastery standard for medical education and as a tool for formative assessment of procedural competency.

Development and psychometric evaluation of a theory of planned behavior model-based instrument for evaluation of determinants of oral health behaviors in mothers of children younger than six years in Iraq

BackgroundThe theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the most commonly used theories to explain oral health behaviors. To gain a deeper understanding of the determinants of oral health behaviors, we aimed to design and evaluate the psychometrics of a theory of planned behavior model-based instrument for assessing the determinants of oral health behaviors in mothers of children younger than six years in Iraq.MethodsQuestionnaires and guidelines related to the topic were searched in 2023, and the appropriate items based on the domains of the TPB model were extracted. The items were revised and completed to develop the initial version of the instruments. Face validity and content validity of the instrument were assessed. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated subsequently. The construct validity was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and percentage of agreement were employed to check the tool’s internal consistency and reproducibility reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and Amos software.ResultsThe questionnaire had adequate content validity (CVR ≥ 0.75, CVI ≥ 0.75). The percentage of agreement, Kappa, and ICC coefficients were 57.1–95.3%, 0.52–0.89, and 0.43–0.90, respectively. The p-value for ICC was significant in all cases (p < 0.001).For the internal stability of the tool to keep Cronbach’s alpha values > 0.7 for all domains, we had to omit three questions from attitude, one from subjective norms, and one from perceived behavioral control. In terms of construct validity, the results were as follows: the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was 0.942, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.900, the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) was 0.921, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.046. These values indicate that the instrument demonstrates appropriate construct validity based on the TPB.ConclusionThe psychometric evaluation of the designed instrument showed that it was a valid and reliable tool in Arabic-speaking countries for determining child-related oral health behaviors in mothers of children under six years old.

Digital hospital evaluation scale: A scale-development research study.

Aim: To conduct and report on psychometric tests for a valid and reliable measurement tool for evaluating digital hospitals by healthcare professionals. Method: This psychometric study took place in a public digital hospital in Turkey. It was carried out with the participation of 355 healthcare professionals. Data were collected between September and October 2023 using an online survey and non-probability convenience sampling method. Statistical Package for Social Science Version (SPSS) 26.0 and analysis of moment structures version 24.0 were used to analyse the data. It was used for the psychometric properties and analyses of the scale (item analysis, explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent and divergent validity statistics, Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient, dependent sample t-test, and intraclass correlation). Results: The content validity index of the scale is 0.92. As a result of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and CFA in separate samples, a total of 30 items and four sub-factors were obtained. Cronbach Alpha value of the scale is over 0.90 for both samples. In the four-factor structure, 82.64% of the total variance was explained. The 30-item and four-factor structure obtained in EFA was confirmed in CFA, and convergent and divergent validity statistics were provided. Test-retest results showed that the scale has high reliability. Conclusion: The digital hospital evaluation scale is valid and reliable for healthcare professionals to evaluate digital hospitals.

Translation, validation, and reliability of the Modified Occupational Questionnaire into Bahasa Melayu among older persons in Malaysia.

A Modified Occupational Questionnaire (MOQ) is a self-report questionnaire that records the occupational engagement of an individual hourly, focusing on activity category, reason for doing the activity, value to self, and value to society. Understanding the patterns of occupational engagement and meaningful time use in older persons is crucial for predicting physical and psychological health and establishing occupation-based interventions to support healthy aging. However, the MOQ, originally developed in an English-speaking country and may potentially be less suitable for Malaysian older persons, who are predominantly Malay-speaking and have distinct cultural adaptations. This study aimed to translate the MOQ from English to Bahasa Melayu and evaluate its validity and reliability among older persons in Malaysia. The translation, validation, and reliability assessment process followed guidelines from the World Health Organization, with adaptations from Sousa and Rojjanasrirat's recommendations. The process encompassed five steps: forward translation, harmonisation of the forward translation, backward translation, pretesting and cognitive interviews, and psychometric testing to assess the validity and reliability. The Malay version of the MOQ (MOQ-M) demonstrated excellent item-level face validity index (I-FVI) and average scale-level face validity index (S-FVI/Ave), both scoring a perfect 1.00. Additionally, it exhibited excellent item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and average scale-level content validity (S-CVI/Ave), with scores ranging from 0.90 to 1.00 and 0.99 to 1.00, respectively. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach's alpha, surpassed the minimum threshold for good reliability, with all three average scales in MOQ-M scoring between 0.84 and 0.99. Weighted average Cohen's Kappa coefficient revealed substantial agreement in the test-retest reliability across the three scales. The MOQ-M is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing meaningful time use among Malay-speaking older persons in Malaysia. There was no consumer and community involvement in this study. This study aimed to translate the Modified Occupational Questionnaire (MOQ) into Bahasa Melayu (MOQ-M). The MOQ is a tool used by occupational therapists to understand how unemployed people spend their time and the reasons they are doing it. The translation was necessary because the original version of the MOQ was developed in an English-speaking country and might not be suitable for the Malay-speaking population in Malaysia due to cultural differences. A careful process was followed to make sure the translation was accurate and reliable. The translated version, MOQ-M, was then tested with older persons, most of whom were unemployed, to learn about their daily activities and the reasons for doing them. Understanding their daily routines is important for predicting their health and well-being. The results showed that the MOQ-M worked well, providing useful and consistent information. This means that the tool is reliable and can be trusted to measure how older persons spend their time and what activities are important to them. With this information, programmes can be created to better support older persons, helping them live healthier and happier lives as they age. However, it is important to note that most of the study participants were Malay, so this may not fully represent the different cultural groups in Malaysia.

Development and cultural adaptation of text messages for promoting healthy eating among Amazonian schoolchildren.

To develop text messages for a mHealth intervention promoting healthy eating among Amazonian schoolchildren. Two rounds of expert panel analysis and formative research interviews. Western Brazilian Amazon, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. Included 17 healthcare professionals and 40 caregivers of school-aged children enrolled in the Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Acre birth cohort study. Evaluation focused on messages' cultural appropriateness, comprehensibility, and relevance, along with caregivers' understanding and intention to adhere to the recommendations. Quantitative analysis employed the modified Cohen Kappa, the Scale-Content Validity Index Average (S-CVI-Ave), frequency calculations, and a ranking system. Fifty-five text messages were drafted. In the initial stage, eight messages did not achieve a sufficient score and were subsequently revised and reevaluated, ultimately gaining approval. The S-CVI-Ave for each domain was as follows: cultural appropriateness=0.97, comprehensibility=0.96, and relevance=0.97. Formative research indicated a 92% understanding rate and a 70% intention rate to adhere to the proposed suggestions. The final set of messages was successfully culturally adapted and will contribute to the translation and dissemination of Dietary Guidelines for Brazilian Population recommendations to Western Amazon families.

Assessment of the Roles of Critical Care Nurses: Tool Development, Psychometric Properties, and Nurses' Perceptions.

Critical care nursing is considered one of the most challenging and demanding fields in nursing. Critical care nurses work in high-stress environments, tending to patients who are experiencing acute illness and necessitate intensive care. Nurses play a crucial role in providing nursing care for critically ill patients, encompassing duties such as assessment, administration of medications, ventilator management, diligent monitoring, and responding to life-saving situations. Despite the significance of their contributions, there are limited assessment tools used to assess critical care nurses' perceptions about their roles and responsibilities in intensive care units (ICU). The main aim of this study was to develop a tool to assess the critical care nurses' knowledge, awareness, and perception of their roles and responsibilities in the critical care units. The researcher developed the Critical Care Nurses' Roles and Responsibilities Assessment Tool. Subsequently, the tool underwent content validity assessment by five nursing experts, resulting in a final tool with 17 Likert-scale items. The scores ranged from 17 to 85, with intervals indicating varying levels of awareness. To assess the nurses' perception of the roles and responsibilities identified in the tool, a study was conducted on 120 registered nurses working in the ICU units across 9 governmental hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected through an online questionnaire covering demographical data and the roles and responsibilities of critical care nurses in the ICU. The collected data were subjected to quantitative analysis using appropriate statistical methods. Regarding the results among the experts, the content validity index (CVI) of the tool was 0.93. Among the participants, Cronbach alpha was measured to assess the reliability and internal consistency of the tool and the result was 0.912. Regarding the nurses' perception, a small percentage of participants, specifically (9%), demonstrated a moderate level of agreement with the roles and responsibilities mentioned in the tool (mean of scores=40 - 63). Conversely, a substantial majority of participants (91%), exhibited a high level of agreement (mean of scores=64 - 85). In conclusion, the results of this study revealed a powerful and reliable tool that has earned widespread acclaim among experts and participants alike.

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Early-Onset Scoliosis Self-Report Questionnaire.

Early-Onset Scoliosis Self-Report Questionnaire (EOSQ-SELF) is a recently developed self-reported questionnaire based on the widely adopted Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire and evaluates health-related quality of life in children with early-onset scoliosis over 8 years of age. To date, the questionnaire does not have a validated version in Turkish. The aim of this study was to translate EOSQ-SELF into Turkish and evaluate its reliability and validity. Content validity was assessed through the item (I-CVI) and scale (S-CVI) content validity indices. The distribution of survey responses was analyzed and ceiling and floor effects were calculated with descriptive statistics. Internal consistency was measured with the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing the responses between EOSQ-SELF and Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire-22 revised. Eighty-five patients (30 males and 55 females) diagnosed with early-onset scoliosis completed the EOSQ-SELF questionnaire. The I-CVI for the relevance of 30 questions was found to be 0.875 for 3 questions and 1.0 for the remaining questions, whereas the S-CVI was 0.9875. The I-CVI for the clarity of 30 questions was found 0.500 for 1 question, 0.875 for 3 questions, and 1.0 for the remaining questions. The S-CVI value for clarity was 0.97083. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the total score of the Turkish EOSQ-SELF was recorded at 0.942. Common domains were significantly correlated with the Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire-22 revised. We found excellent internal consistency in our study and were able to demonstrate the reliability as well as the validity of EOSQ-SELF in Turkish. Level I-diagnostic.

Financial Growth of Sport Industry in the Extreme Context: Evidence From Iran Under Economic Sanction and COVID‐19 Pandemic

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to shift the narrative toward the impact of international sanctions against Iran and the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic on the financial growth of the sports industry. Employing Importance‐Performance Analysis (IPA), we delve into the diverse factors influencing the financial dynamics of the sports sector in Iran. After an extensive review of the research literature, we identify pivotal elements affecting the financial prosperity of the sports industry. Using expert opinions and the content validity index (CVI), we select 20 significant factors shaping the financial landscape of the sports industry in Iran. Subsequently, we evaluate the importance and performance of these identified factors, drawing insights from the perspectives of 12 sports economics experts and sports managers. Employing Decision‐making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DANP) and IPA methods, we analyze the interplay of these factors. The research outcomes underscore the pivotal role of international sanctions against Iran and the challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic in influencing the financial growth of the sports industry. Noteworthy factors include the stability of sports club incomes, the commercialization of the sports industry, private sector investment in sports, and the allocation of sports expenses within government expenditures. These findings illuminate the nuanced relationship between external geopolitical factors and internal financial dynamics, shaping the trajectory of the sports industry's financial growth in Iran.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ)

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders in manual workers are often linked to physical workload factors such as heavy lifting, repetitive movements, and awkward postures. These factors can negatively impact health and work efficiency. Simple tools like questionnaires are essential for studying physical workload. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Physical Workload Questionnaire for Persian-speaking populations (PWQ-Pr).MethodsThe study involved 255 participants and followed standard guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation. Various psychometric properties were assessed, including face validity through interviews, construct validity via hypothesis testing and factor analysis, content validity using the Content Validity Index (CVI), convergent validity through Pearson’s correlation with the Spine Functional Index (SFI), internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability assessed through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard measurement error over a 10-day period.ResultsGood internal consistency (α = 0.89) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.81–0.94) were obtained. Convergent validity was indicated by a correlation of r = 0.41 (P < 0.001) with the SFI questionnaire. Content Validity (CVI = 0.93) was approved. Factor analysis identified two distinct factors within the PWQ-Pr, explaining 52.07% of the variance. Hypothesis testing indicated significant differences in physical workload across job types and among individuals with and without spinal musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), with eight hypotheses confirmed out of twelve tested.ConclusionsThe Persian version of the Physical Workload Questionnaire (PWQ-Pr) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing physical workload among Persian-speaking individuals. It is effective in evaluating workload across various job tasks.

Development and Testing of a Patient Outcome Measure for Interprofessional Tuberculosis Care: A Delphi Study

Background: A chronic medical condition such as tuberculosis can be physically and emotionally challenging for both health practitioners and patients and their families. Tuberculosis requires a team-based care model that provides resilience and coordinated work, such as the one offered by an interprofessional collaborative practice team. Despite the increasing interest in interprofessional-based care globally, there is a notable lack of measures to assess patient impact. We aimed to develop a patient outcome measure to quantify the functional impact of interprofessional care on tuberculosis patients. Methods: The study involved four phases: 1) developing a conceptual framework and creating items, 2) evaluating the construct through Delphi studies to obtain international consensus, 3) back-to-back translation into Indonesian, and 4) re-evaluating the construct with Delphi study to obtain Indonesian consensus. The consensus was reached if the Content Validity Index covers at least 70% agreement from experts, an interquartile range &lt;1, and a median score of 4 or 5 on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines were used to assess item relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness. Results: A total of 65 international and 61 Indonesian participants in the Delphi studies. The final instrument consists of 44 items organized into five domains. All items were relevant to the construct being measured and deemed understandable, and significant concerns related to TB care were comprehensively addressed in the instrument. Conclusion:The findings indicate that the instrument content validity was good, fulfilling COSMIN requirements for items' relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-08 Full Text: PDF

User-centred design of ChestCare: mHealth app for pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD; a mixed-methods sequential approach.

The increasing prevalence and burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), the challenges in implementing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs and the limited availability of alternatives and supportive programs to serve patients with COPD necessitate the development of pulmonary telerehabilitation (PTR) systems to provide patients with COPD with PR programs. This study aimed to design and develop the ChestCare mobile Health app using user-centred design (UCD) approach. Thus, it provided PTR for patients with COPD, enhancing their self-management of symptoms and improving their compliance with PR programs. In this mixed-methods sequential research, we deployed the UCD iterative design through the prototype app design and development sequence. The first phase was built based on the results of a previous needs assessment study and an analysis of related apps. This produced the initial mock-up, the foundation for the focus group discussions with physiotherapists and patients. Six physiotherapists with cardiorespiratory specialisation evaluated each app module and item of the latest mock-up using the content validity index (CVI) document. The I-CVI (S-CVI/Ave) and (S-CVI/UA) were computed. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated, and decisions were made by comparing their results. The UCD iterative design through sequential MMR has generated four mock-up app versions. The latest version identified 13 modules through 150 items validated by six experts using a CVI document. The I-CVI calculation of 145 items was 1, while 0.83 for the remaining items, was within accepted values. The S-CVI scored 99.4, indicating an overall validity of the ChestCare app as a PTR system for patients with COPD. The development and validation of the ChestCare app resulted from conducting UCD iterative design and sequential MMR, which identified 13 functionalities, including symptom assessment, tracking lung volume, functional capacity test, action plan, intervention program, COPD education, COPD community, monitoring and reminders.

Designing a meditation module to affect etiological and preventive factors in primary hypertensive patients-A pilot study.

The aim of the present pilot study is to design, validate, and check the feasibility and efficacy of the designed meditation module on etiological and preventive factors in primary hypertensive patients (PHP). The systematic and detailed meditation module was formulated to prevent the complications of hypertension. The designed module was validated by 5 subject experts in the field of complementary and alternative therapy and research. Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Average Congruency Percentage (ACP), and Content Validity Index were calculated. The intervention was given for 5 days a week for 4 weeks, to 9 PHP to check the feasibility and the efficacy of the module by analyzing biochemical and psychological parameters. A randomized controlled trial is planned ahead with this module as intervention. The designed meditation module had 19 concepts with CVR >0.49 and ACP > 90% which were retained, 2 were modified (CVR 0.6, ACP 80) and 1 was deleted as CVR was <0.49 and ACP < 70%. The feasibility test mean was 93.33 ± 8.66 and the efficacy was tested by increase in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (p = 0.022) and decrease in anxiety (p = 0.022) and perceived stress (p = 0.016), improvement in emotional quotient (p = 0.011), mental state (p = 0.044), quality of sleep (p = 0.001), quality of life (p = 0.011), and happiness state (p = 0.003). The designed meditation module was found valid by the experts, feasible to patients, and efficient in improving biochemical and psychological parameters among PHP to affect the hypertensive etiological factors and check the progress and complications of the disorder. Trial Registration: CTRI/2022/09/045421.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASi-QoL) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) Questionnaires: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects quality of life (QoL) due to its impact on physical and emotional well-being. Accurate and reliable tools are needed to assess disease activity and QoL in different cultural contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian versions of the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASi-QoL) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) scales in Iranian AS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 AS patients referred to a tertiary hospital in Tehran. Patients completed the EASi-QoL, and 39 also completed the ASDAS questionnaire. The translation followed the forward-backward method. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability. Content validity was evaluated using the content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Test-retest reliability was examined using Spearman's rank correlation for non-normally distributed data. The ICC values for EASi-QoL ranged from 0.71 to 0.82, while Spearman's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.80. For ASDAS, all items except Question 1 had ICC and Spearman's correlation coefficients above 0.8, indicating high test-retest reliability. The average CVR for EASi-QoL was 0.56, and for ASDAS it was 0.68. The CVI for relevance, clarity, and simplicity ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 for both scales, confirming good content validity. The Persian versions of the EASi-QoL and ASDAS scales demonstrate adequate reliability and validity. These tools are suitable for assessing QoL and disease activity in Iranian AS patients, providing culturally relevant measurements for clinical and research settings.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND PRAGMATIC ERRORS ON ESSAY WRITING SKILLS AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigated comparative analysis of measurement errors and pragmatic errors on essay writing skills among sunior Secondary School Students’ in Kogi State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Population comprises of all 8,351 students offering English Language from 17 public junior secondary school in Kogi State, Nigeria and 384 students offering English Language were used as sample size. Observation Protocol English Language Essay Writing Skills Questionnaire/Checklist (OPELEWTQC)’’was used as an instrument, it was validated and pilot tested which yielded the of 0.74 validity index and of 0.75 reliability index. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer research questions while t-test of independent samples was used for testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. Findings of this study reveal a significant difference in the impact of measurement errors and pragmatic errors on essay writing skills among junior secondary school students in Kogi State. It was established that pragmatic errors exert a more substantial influence on the students' essay writing skills compared to measurement errors. This highlights the critical role of pragmatic competence in improving students' overall writing performance and effective communication in essays. The study recommends incorporating pragmatic skill development into junior secondary school English language curricula, such as real-life language use activities and context-based writing exercises, as well as establishing teacher training programs to identify and correct pragmatic faults in students' writing.