Validity Coefficients Research Articles

Meta-Analysis of Pilot Source Studies

Abstract: Following the Colgan Air Flight 3407 crash, four Pilot Source Studies (PSSs) were conducted to explore the relationship between pilot backgrounds and flight performance in regional airlines. Despite consistent methodologies, inconsistent findings emerged, likely due to factors such as sample characteristics, variable categories, performance criteria, and operational contexts. To address these discrepancies, a meta-analysis of the PSSs was performed. After reviewing the studies, eight background variables and two performance variables met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed significant associations between background variables and pilot performance, with validity coefficients ranging from .04 to .10. The strongest predictors were total flight hours, AABI-accredited flight programs, and ATP certification, while former military status, flight instructor certification, and college degrees showed weaker but significant associations. These findings highlight the importance of background variables in flight performance and inform pilot recruitment and training.

Assessing the Psychometric Properties of a Teacher-Administered Screening Scale for Kindergarten Development (TASSKD) in Amman, Jordan

Objective: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Teacher-Administered Screening Scale for Kindergarten Development (TASSKD) in Amman, designed to evaluate kindergarten children's emotional, social, mental and cognitive, motor, and linguistic aspects. Theoretical Framework: A notable shortage of comprehensive psychological measures for evaluating various developmental aspects in preschool children was identified upon examining the literature on teacher-administered assessment tools for children's development. Method: The scale, comprised of 49 items rated on a two-point scale, was examined for its psychometric properties. A purposeful pilot sample of 39 female teachers was utilized to determine the item-total correlation of the scale. Meanwhile, a convenience sample of 299 female teachers from various kindergarten stages in Amman was utilized to evaluate the scale's psychometric properties. Administered the TASKS to study participants and analyze data using SPSS. Results and Discussion: The findings demonstrated that the TASKS exhibited high levels of reliability and validity, as evidenced by significant internal reliability coefficients and statistically significant validity coefficients. Moreover, factor analysis showed that 58.85% of the scale's variance was accounted for by four core factors, all of which had high loading coefficients. Consequently, it is recommended that the TASSKD be used in future research and investigations. Research Implications: This gap highlights the necessity for creating a psychological scale with suitable psychometric properties to assess different developmental aspects in kindergarten children in Amman. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Teacher-Administered Screening Scale for Kindergarten Development (TASSKD) for children in Amman. Originality/Value: The study will contribute to the existing literature on assessment tools for kindergarten children's development by providing a comprehensive and standardized tool to simultaneously measure all major aspects of development.

Development of Mathematics Learning Tools Using Hopscotch Games to Enhance Students' Creative Thinking in the Topic of Plane Figures' Area

The creative thinking ability of students in mathematics remains very low in practice. Creative thinking skills can be enhanced through contextual mathematics learning by connecting mathematics to everyday life, and one of its examples is the use of hopscotch games. However, in reality, there are no existing learning tools that incorporate games to improve students’ creative thinking skills. This study is a developmental research aimed at designing mathematics learning tools with hopscotch games on the topic of the area of plane figures, aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. The development model used is the 4D model. Data collection techniques include observation, tests, and questionnaires. Validity is determined through the validation results of teaching modules, student worksheets and test packages. Practicality is assessed from observations on the implementation of the learning tools, while effectiveness is measured by learning mastery, N-Gain category, student response questionnaires, and statistical tests. The research results indicate that the developed learning tools meet the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective. The validity coefficients for the teaching module, student worksheets and test packages are 3.38, 3.31, and 3.43. The observation results for the implementation of the learning tools achieved a score of 3.83, categorized as high. The classical mastery percentage reached 76.5%, with 100% of students in at least the medium N-Gain category. Students’ responses were positive, and there was a significant influence of the implementation of mathematics learning tools with hopscotch games on improving students’ creative thinking skills. Therefore, these learning tools are deemed feasible and effective for enhancing students’ creative thinking abilities through hopscotch games.

Circulating serum metabolites as biomarkers and predictors of residual feed intake in lactating dairy cows

This study explored the potential of circulatory serum metabolite profiles to increase understanding of the physiology of feed efficiency and identify biomarkers to predict residual feed intake (RFI) in lactating Holsteins. Serum metabolite profiles were compared in high (n = 20) and low RFI (n = 20) cows at early, mid, and late lactation stages. The low RFI cows had decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of dodecanoylcarnitine, dodecenoylcarnitine, dodecanedioylcarnitine, tetradecanoylcarnitine, succinic acid, trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, and increased concentrations of p-Hydroxyhippuric acid, hydroxysphingomyeline C16:1, phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:6, and glutarylcarnitine at early lactation. A similar comparison at mid lactation stage showed altered serum concentrations of 26 metabolites that fall into the categories of acyl carnitines, glycerophospholipids, biogenic amines, amino acids, and organic acids. At late lactation, fewer sets of metabolites were significantly affected by RFI grouping. Receiver operator curve analyses identified p-Hydroxyhippuric acid as the top biomarker at early lactation and acetylornithine at mid and late lactation. Models based on sets of serum metabolites in early, mid, and late lactation stages predicted RFI with a validation coefficient of determination of 0.54, 0.68, and 0.64, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of circulatory serum metabolites as biomarkers and predictors of RFI in lactating dairy cows.

Evaluating the Impact of Faking on the Criterion‐Related Validity of Personality Assessments

ABSTRACTPersonality assessments are commonly used in hiring, but concerns about faking have raised doubts about their effectiveness. Qualitative reviews show mixed and inconsistent impacts of faking on criterion‐related validity. To address this, a series of meta‐analyses were conducted using matched samples of honest and motivated respondents (i.e., instructed to fake, applicants). In 80 paired samples, the average difference in validity coefficients between honest and motivated samples across five‐factor model traits ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 (largest for conscientiousness and emotional stability), with the validity ratio ranging from 64% to 72%. Validity was attenuated when candidates faked regardless of sample type, trait relevance, or the importance of impression management, though variation existed across criterion types. Both real applicant samples (k = 25) and instructed response conditions (k = 55) showed a reduction in validity across honest and motivated conditions, including when managerial ratings of job performance were the criterion. Thus, faking impacted the validity in operational samples. This suggests that practitioners should be cautious relying upon concurrent validation evidence (for personality inventories) and expect attenuated validity in operational applicant settings, particularly for conscientiousness and emotional stability scales. That said, it is important to highlight that personality assessments generally maintained useful validity even under‐motivated conditions.

The Most Important Measures in Reducing Infection Control in the Anesthesia Work Environment: An Evidence-Based Study

Background: Anesthesia providers cross-contaminate their work environment. The hands of anesthesia providers are vectors for the transmission of infection between medical equipment in the anesthesia work environment and patients. The high work density of anesthesia providers around the patient has made it important to monitor infection control in the work environment and anesthesia procedures. This research aimed to find the best evidence for preventing or reducing infection in the anesthesia work environment. Methods: The measures required for the guidelines in the field of infection control in the anesthesia work environment were determined according to the available resources and the use of expert opinions of anesthesiologists and faculty members. Then, the guidelines for infection control in the anesthesia work environment were designed based on the evidence-based method (Stettler model). Also, it has been implemented in a limited way in the operating room. To assess the validity of the approach used in calculating the content validity coefficient (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI), Finally, the Test-Retest method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to determine reliability. Results: The guidelines for infection control in the anesthesia work environment were designed using evidence-based methods (Stettler's model). The content validity of anesthesia procedures requiring infection control guidelines was reported with a content validity index (CVI) of more than 0.79 and a content validity ratio (CVR) of more than 0.59. The reliability test was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.806). Conclusion: Based on this study, the use of global infection control guidelines changes the attitude of anesthesia nurses and reduces the rate of infection in the anesthesia work environment. Also, the use of evidence-based methods facilitates the implementation of guidelines in the target environment.

The Effect of Local Wisdom Product Design and Product Quality on Increasing Product Competitiveness of Bengkalis Batik Weaving (Case Study on Customers of BUMDes Langgam Sako)

This study aims to determine the influence and how much the effect of Local Wisdom Product Design and Product Quality to Increase Product Competitiveness of Bengkalis Batik Weaving (Case study at Customer BUMDes Langgam Sako). The variables used consist of 2 independent variables and 1 dependent variable. This study uses quantitative methods using non-probability sampling method with Snowball sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out using a questionnaire to 100 consumers who have worn Batik woven BUMDes Langgam Sako. Processing data using the SPSS IBM 27 application with multiple linear regression analysis testing which include validity test, reliability test, T test, F test, and coefficient of determination (R2). The results of simultaneous testing between all independent variables on the dependent variable, it can be concluded that a local wisdom product design and product quality simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on increasing product competitiveness of Bengkalis batik weaving, and with the calculation of the coefficient of determination (R2) of 54.2% is a value that can explain product competitiveness from two independent variables, namely local wisdom product design and product quality.

Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for Toddlers of NELA Birth Cohort Study.

Our aim was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of usual nutrient and food intakes in children of 18 months old. We included 103 toddlers aged 18 months from the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study. A 47-item FFQ was administered twice to parents with a 3-month interval. During that period, we also performed three non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls (24hDRs) and oral mucosa samples for determining the fatty acid profile (glycerophospholipids). We estimated correlation coefficients of reproducibility for nutrient and food group intakes by comparing both FFQs and validity coefficients by comparing nutrient intakes between the second FFQ and the average of the three 24hDRs. We also explored biochemical validity by comparing the intake of fish from the FFQ with the percentage of fatty acids in oral mucosa cells. The average of correlation coefficients for FFQ reproducibility was r = 0.48 for energy-adjusted nutrient intakes (ranging from r = 0.28 for Na to r = 0.62 for Mg and Zn) and r = 0.35 for the intake of energy-adjusted food groups. The average correlation coefficient for FFQ validity on nutrient intakes was r = 0.48, ranging from r = 0.16 for α-carotene to r = 0.75 for vitamin E. We also found a positive correlation between total omega-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid percentages in oral mucosa cells and the intake of total and white fish, r = 0.31 and r = 0.34, respectively. This study shows that our short FFQ demonstrated moderate reproducibility (mean r = 0.48) and validity (mean r = 0.48) for dietary assessment of most nutrients and foods in 18-month-old children in Spain. This FFQ provides an efficient and minimally invasive method for evaluating toddler dietary intake, particularly in Mediterranean contexts.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the nutrition knowledge questionnaire for ultra-endurance athletes (ULTRA-Q) for Brazil

ABSTRACT Aims This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validate a questionnaire to assess the nutrition knowledge of Brazilian ultra-endurance athletes. Methods This is an observational and cross-sectional study, which adapted and validated the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire for Ultra-endurance Athletes (ULTRA-Q). ULTRA-Q was translated into Portuguese, and then the translated version was assessed for semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalence by six specialist nutritionists. In addition to suggesting adaptations to the questionnaire, the experts evaluated the clarity and relevance of the items, calculating the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC). The adapted version was applied to 46 ultra-endurance athletes to evaluate reproducibility and validity. After the test-retest, the instrument was also answered by 54 nutritionists, to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire. Results The Brazilian version (ULTRA-QBR) of the questionnaire for ultra-endurance athletes had adequate CVC for clarity (0.97) and pertinence (0.95), and presented adequate discriminant validity. The data from the intraclass correlation coefficient indicates good reproducibility of the questionnaire, and the difference observed between athletes and nutritionists reinforces the evidence of the questionnaire’s construct validity. Conclusion The results demonstrate content, construct and discriminant validity, test-retest reproducibility, and internal consistency of the ULTRA-QBR. We concluded that this questionnaire can be used as an interesting tool in research and clinical practice in ultra-endurance sports.

Delphi technique for design and content validation by experts of a mobile app for self-care of breast cancer-related lymphedema.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a complication that requires lifelong control, with patients taking responsibility for self-care. Mobile applications (apps) can be an effective health education strategy to help manage BCRL by promoting collaborative learning environments in physical therapy. The objective of this study was to design and validate the content for the development of a mobile application for self-care in the health of the BCRL. The Delphi technique was used through two rounds with data collection instruments using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) and consensus was obtained among a group of experts regarding the content. Thirty experts participated in the first round to suggest content and 11 content menus, and 48 sub-content menus were suggested. The second round included 19 experts to validate the content. The content validity coefficient values were considered good, both for clarity and relevance (CVCt = 0.93) and for the relevance (CVCt = 0.92) of the contents, with the CVCt of the scale being 0.92, giving its content validity according to the analysis methods used in this research. The Delphi technique helped to obtain a consensus that the content is clear, relevant, and pertinent. The results indicate that the application will be a useful and effective tool, offering the necessary functionality to guide these patients' self-care, and is ready for development. This app will assist in proactive prevention before BCRL diagnosis, provide comprehensive knowledge and information during the treatment process for diagnosed patients, and support long-term self-management, while enhancing the learning of education provided to them by healthcare professionals such as physiotherapists.

قلق التفاعل وعلاقته بالتفاؤل غير الواقعي لدى طلبة جامعة عمر المختار

The study aimed to identify the level of interaction anxiety and its relationship to realistic optimism among students of Omar Al-Mukhtar University, as the number of the study population reached (11809) students from ten colleges and the scale was applied to a sample of (200), and the number of males reached (71) the number of females (41) Where the sample was randomly selected from four colleges in the university (College of Arts - Education - Engineering - Sciences) and the interaction anxiety scale was applied numbers (teacher: 2014) and the realistic optimism scale from numbers (Rasheed: 2013), and the validity of the study tool was verified. Validity of consistency, as it became clear that the study tool has high validity coefficients. The validity coefficients for each paragraph of the scale and the total score of the interaction anxiety scale ranged between (0.240 - 0.804), and the correlation coefficients between the scale dimensions and the total score of the scale after giving an opinion (0.119) after stress When speaking (0.782) after shyness and confusion (0.901), the measure of reliability was calculated as a whole by the Cronbach alpha coefficient and reached (0.84), after expressing an opinion (0.90), after tension when speaking (0.93), after shyness and confusion (0.90), the validity of the optimism scale was also verified Realistic where th enjoys A scale with validity coefficients for each paragraph of the scale and the total score of the scale ranged between (0.266 - 0.722). The correlation coefficients between the total score of the scale and the scale dimensions reached the academic dimension (0.879) after the social dimension (0.793) and the personal dimension (0.877). The realistic optimism scale also has high stability coefficients. The reliability coefficients for the overall score of the scale were (0.92) the academic dimension (0.75) the social dimension (0.83) the personal dimension (0.74), and some statistical treatments were used using the SbSS statistical package, which are arithmetic averages, standard deviations, the T-Test, and analysis of variance. one way ANOVA, and the results of the study resulted in the following points: - That the sample members have a high level of interaction anxiety and realistic optimism. There is a statistically significant relationship between the measure of interaction anxiety and realistic optimism. - There are statistically significant differences between the sample members according to gender on the interaction anxiety scale. - There are no statistically significant differences between the sample members according to the gender on the realistic optimism scale. - There are statistically significant differences between the sample members according to the college on the dimension reaction anxiety scale. The second and third are between the College of Education and the College of Arts and Engineering, and the differences were of statistical significance for the degree of the scale in favor of the College of Science and Engineering and the College of Arts. - There are differences of statistical significance between the sample members according to the college on the realistic optimism scale on the second and third dimension in favor of the College of Education, Arts and Engineering.

Hubungan antara Prokrastinasi Akademik dengan Kecemasan Akademik pada Mahasiswa Mengerjakan Tugas Akhir di Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

This research is based on the phenomenon of academic procrastination found in final students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Academic procrastination is task avoidance caused by feelings of displeasure with the task and fear of failing to complete the task. One of the factors that trigger academic procrastination is academic anxiety. The academic anxiety variable was measured using the academic anxiety scale adopted from Ridwan with a validity coefficient value moving from 0.926 -0.746 and an alpha reliability coefficient (α) value of 0.907. The academic procrastination variable was measured by the academic procrastination scale in completing the thesis adapted from Rahayu. with a validity coefficient value moving from 0.094 to 0.596 and with an alpha (α) reliability coefficient value of 0.858. The correlation between variables was analyzed using Spearman's Rho correlation test with the help of JASP 19.0 software. The results showed that there was a relationship between the two variables with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.703 with a significance (p) of 0.001 (&lt;0.05).

A longitudinal meta-analysis of range restriction estimates and general mental ability validity coefficients: Better addressing overcorrection amid decline effects.

Psychometric corrections can be crucial for obtaining valid operational results, but concerns are rising about potential overcorrections for general mental ability (GMA) validity coefficients. Our two-part study identifies a source of overprediction: using national norms rather than recent local applicant pool variance for range restriction corrections. Study 1 demonstrates increasing homogeneity in Wonderlic occupational applicant pool variance across four data time waves, suggesting they are no longer interchangeable with the general working population, a divergence attributable to a rise in education. Study 2 employs the Morris meta-analytic approach to gauge the impact of using national norms over occupational ones in range restriction. An analysis of 649 GMA validity coefficients from four time waves of General Aptitude Test Battery and Wonderlic data shows a radical drop in corrected and uncorrected correlations, indicating that historical corrected GMA validity coefficients differ from contemporary ones by up to 16-fold (i.e., an R² of 42.3% vs. 2.6%), and range restriction corrections are now minimal in about 75% of cases. This drop in correlations appears due to the filtering effects of increased education, both due to the demands of the knowledge economy and credentialism, where organizations are using college or university degrees as a proxy for GMA. Credentialism is an incredibly inefficient form of GMA assessment, suggesting an urgent societal need to incorporate selection fundamentals more broadly. Altogether, these results indicate that labor market dynamics have a deeper impact on personnel selection than typically appreciated, meaning that many of our estimates have and will eventually age out. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A statistical-mechanical model for surface pressure in hypersonic flows

Based on a statistical-mechanical model of gas molecules, a closed-form formula of the pressure coefficient of a surface is given as a function of the incident angle to the surface (or the surface inclination angle) and the Mach number, which is asymptotically accurate as the Mach number increases to the hypersonic regime. The classical Newtonian flow theory is a limiting case of this formula as the Mach number approaches to infinity. For validation, the lift and drag coefficients of a flat-plate airfoil and a sphere are calculated in a range of the Mach numbers from 2 to 30 in comparison with the shock-expansion-wave theory and the experimental data.

Development of green SMEs: Integrating green entrepreneurship and innovation for environmental sustainability

Abstract Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are vital to Indonesia’s economy, contributing significantly to income generation across sectors. These enterprises, often small or micro-scale, are owned and managed by entities meeting specific size criteria. This study in Bangka Belitung Province aims to assess Green SME adoption among MSMEs and propose policies for sustainable practices. Using quantitative methods, the study collected numerical data to analyze relationships between variables. Research instruments were rigorously validated, with validity coefficients exceeding 0.300 and reliability surpassing 0.600. Through purposive sampling, 50 actively engaged MSMEs were selected, with data collected via questionnaires, observations, and documentation. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), specifically Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLSPM), was used for its ability to handle complex relationships. Findings show that Green Entrepreneurship and Innovation significantly enhance environmental sustainability in MSMEs, promoting carbon-neutral activities and resource efficiency. Sustainable Business practices under the Green SMEs framework reduce operational costs and prioritize environmental conservation, shaping a model integrating environmental principles into business strategies. Policy recommendations include incentivizing green practices, training for sustainable methodologies, and supporting green innovation. These steps are crucial for enhancing MSME resilience and sustainability while advancing environmental goals in Bangka Belitung and beyond.

Adaptation of the conflict tactics scales (CTS-2), in a Peruvian male sample

Intimate couple violence, including physical, psychological, verbal, and sexual, is a public health concern. The Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2) measure conflict resolution tactics. This research adapted the scale to a sample of 423 Peruvian men. The age range of the sample was from 21 to 60 years. A committee of 10 experts evaluated the validity of the CTS-2, and the Aiken V validity coefficients were calculated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, which showed an acceptable fit. Factors F2 (Psychological aggression), F3 (Physical Aggression), and F4 (Sexual Coercion) of the CTS-2 showed significant covariance, while factor F1 (Negotiation) did not show covariance with other factors. Structural equation analysis for convergent validity showed acceptable results between the Family Communication Scale and the CTS-2 factors. The reliability was adequate according to the Alpha Ordinal (0.88). The results generally indicate adequate reliability and validity of the CTS-2, with acceptable adjustment measures. This study contributes psychometric evidence for the use of CTS-2 in the Peruvian context.

Pengaruh Aksesibilitas Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung di Chevilly Resort and Camp

Accessibility is an important aspect of tourist destinations that makes it easier for visitors to travel. Accessibility also influences visitors' desire to visit tourist destinations. Easy, adequate access and connected to public infrastructure services such as gas stations, minimarkets and others will influence tourists' interest in coming. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of accessibility on the decision to visit Chevilly Resort and Camp. This research uses quantitative methods with a sample of 109 visitors. This sampling technique uses accidental sampling. The data analysis method used is simple linear regression which includes validity test, reliability test, normality test, T test and coefficient of determination test ¬(R2). The author uses quantitative descriptive methods with data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The research results show that accessibility influences the decision to visit with the results being 72.9% influenced by this variable and the remainder influenced by other variables not examined in this research. The conclusion is that accessibility has a significant influence on the decision to visit through the ease of access provided by the Chevilly Resort and Camp to meet visitors' travel needs.

Psychometric properties of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Child Form (APQ-CF) in Turkish adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective There are multiple risk factors, such as individual features, parenting behaviours, and peer influences associated with the development of conduct problems. The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Child Form (APQ-CF) is a commonly used instrument to measure parenting behaviours. The study aimed to examine the factor structure of the instrument report in the Turkish context. Method The psychometric properties of the Turkish translation of the APQ-CF was examined with a sample of 357 high school students (M age = 15.68, SD = 1.07, 54.1% female). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure of the APQ. In addition, criterion-related validity and reliability coefficients for the scale were investigated. Gender differences were examined with independent samples t-tests. Results Confirmatory factor analyses with a five-factor solution (involvement, positive parenting, poor monitoring/supervision, inconsistent discipline, and corporal punishment) showed good fit. Criterion-related validity indicated that the monitoring subscale is positively correlated with conduct problems and prosocial behaviours; mother involvement and father involvement were positively associated with prosocial behaviours. Significant gender differences emerged; while girls received more mother involvement and positive parenting, boys received less monitoring behaviours. Conclusions These findings are indicative of acceptable psychometric properties for the Turkish version of the APQ-CF. Researchers and practitioners can use the instrument to measure parenting behaviours regarding conduct problems for various purposes such as diagnosis, treatment and intervention, and relation to behavioural and mental health outcomes.

Women’s Views of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study

Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the "Women's Views of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire (WVBLSQ)", a tool designed to gauge postpartum women's contentment with the birthing experience. Material and Method: In this methodological study, 320 healthy women who gave birth spontaneously vaginally in the postnatal unit of a state hospital in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye participated. The study data were collected between April 2023 and April 2024. The WVBLSQ and the participant introduction form were utilized to gather data. The study's methods included language and content validity, item analysis, test-retest reliability, and exploratory internal consistency coefficients. Results: The women's average age was 27.09±5.76 years. After the fifth and sixth sub-dimensions were removed from the 26-item version of the scale, Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.77 when the reliability of the scale and its seven sub-dimensions were evaluated separately. The sub-dimensions in the scale are ‘Professional support in labour, home assessment at the beginning of labour, expectation of labour, spouse/partner support during labour, control, environment during labour and pain relief’. For each of the scale's sub-dimensions, the Cronbach's α value ranged from 0.26 to 0.75. The results of the test-retest used to assess the scale's temporal invariance revealed that there was a highly significant correlation between the measures. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the scale proved to be suitable for assessing labor satisfaction in women who had normal spontaneous labor.

Development and validation of a self-perception instrument for critical media literacy in Chilean pre-service teachers

IntroductionThe influence of mass media and social media has profoundly impacted the way individuals access, interpret, and engage with information. It is becoming increasingly important to gain an understanding of media literacy practices, particularly among those who influence children and young people. In Spanish, there is little knowledge about critical literacy practices related to media content. This study aims to develop and validate a self-perception instrument designed to measure critical media literacy practices among Chilean pre-service teachers.MethodA structured written questionnaire with closed-ended questions was designed and validated. The instrument encompasses three dimensions: situating discourse within sociocultural contexts, recognizing and participating in discursive practices, and assessing the impact of media on the community and the individual. It comprises 28 first-person statements, rated on a five-point Likert scale.ResultsThe content was validated by a panel of experts in education, linguistics, and journalism in two phases, resulting in a high inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.78) and a content validity coefficient (CVC) of 0.97. A pilot study was conducted with 92 undergraduate students enrolled in teacher education programs. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a three-factor structure that aligns with the proposed dimensions, explaining 51% of the total variance. Internal consistency analyses showed strong reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and McDonald’s omega of 0.85.DiscussionThe results indicate that the instrument is valid and reliable for assessing self-perceived critical media literacy practices. The findings underscore the need for educational interventions to enhance students’ ability to critically engage with media content.