Valid Data Collection Tool Research Articles

A Systematic Scoping Review of How Healthcare Organizations Are Facilitating Access to Fruits and Vegetables in Their Patient Populations

Background:There is compelling evidence on the impact of diet as preventative medicine, and with rising health care costs healthcare organizations are attempting to identify interventions to improve patient health outcomes. Objectives:The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to characterize existing healthcare organization-based interventions to improve access to fruits and vegetables (F&V) for their patient populations. In addition, we aimed to review the impact of identified interventions on dietary intake and health outcomes. Methods:Titles and abstracts were searched in PubMed ®(MEDLINE®), Embase®, CINAHL®, and the Cochrane Library® from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2019. To be selected for inclusion, original studies must have included a healthcare organization and have had a programmatic focus on increasing access to or providing fresh F&V to patients in an outpatient, naturalistic setting. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess study quality in 6 domains (selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods, and withdrawals and dropouts). Results:A total of 8876 abstracts were screened, yielding 44 manuscripts or abstracts from 27 programs. Six program models were identified: 1) a cash-back rebate program, 2) F&V voucher programs, 3) garden-based programs, 4) subsidized food box programs, 5) home-delivery meal programs, and 6) collaborative food pantry-clinical programs. Only 6 of 27 studies included a control group. The overall quality of the studies was weak due to participant selection bias and incomplete reporting on data collection tools, confounders, and dropouts. Given the heterogeneity of outcomes measured and weak study quality, conclusions regarding dietary and health-related outcomes were limited. Conclusions:Healthcare-based initiatives to improve patient access to F&V are novel and have promise. However, future studies will need rigorous study designs and validated data collection tools, particularly related to dietary intake, to better determine the effect of these interventions on health-related outcomes.

Organizational Values Scale: Development, Validity and Reliability Study

With globalization, the changes in societies have affected organizations and brought the “human” factor to the fore. Since educational institutions are human oriented organizations, values have become an indispensable element of schools. Therefore, it is thought that determining teachers’ perceptions of organizational values will be useful in related researches. The aim of this study is to develop a scale that allows teachers to measure their perceptions of organizational values. The study sample was composed of 49 items and 232 teachers working in secondary schools. After performing Explanatory Factor Analysis, 5 sub-scales and 43 items was obtained. The total variance of the scale was explained by 60.683 %. The total Alpha rate of the scale was found to be .946. The structure of the scale, revealed by Explanatory Factor Analysis, was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. It can be said that the scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool.

The My Children’s Future Scale: Construct validity, measurement invariance, and reliability in a Turkish sample

The My Children’s Future Scale (MCFS) measures the support provided by parents for their children’s careers. The aim of this study was to adapt the MCFS to Turkish and examine its psychometric characteristics in a study conducted in the Turkish context. Participants consisted of 280 parents (190 mothers and 90 fathers). The factor structure of the MCFS and measurement invariance across parent gender were examined. The unidimensional factor structure was confirmed and the scale was invariant across parent gender. In addition, the reliability of the MCFS was assessed for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients were calculated as .87, and test-retest reliability coefficient as .83. Our findings suggested that the Turkish form of the MCFS can be considered a valid and reliable data collection tool for use in Turkey to measure the support provided by parents for their children’s careers.

Development of SITU: a survey to measure the impact of outreach activities

The Office for Students' (OfS) aims are clear that it wants to increase robust evidence to understand the impact of outreach activities. There are different mechanisms to collate this evidence which outreach departments can use. To support the collection of robust evidence, this paper outlines the development of Students' Intentions towards University (SITU), a survey that practitioners can use as part of evaluating outreach activities such as ad hoc events or intensive interventions. This paper outlines the four stages that were undertaken to develop SITU to ensure a reliable and valid measure was constructed. At each stage, young people (aged 13 to 18) were consulted to ensure the measure was fit for purpose. The final survey comprises 15 items and is a quick, easy-to-administer survey that practitioners can use confidently. It is proposed that the survey will provide a valid data-collection tool to measure the outcome of outreach activities and the paper will be used as a guide for outreach departments to construct their own measures. Further research is required to test the application of the measure.

How Healthcare Organizations Are Facilitating Access to Fruits and Vegetables in Their Patient Populations: A Systematic Scoping Review

Abstract Objectives There is compelling evidence that diet can prevent chronic disease, and with rising health care costs, healthcare organizations are attempting to identify new clinical interventions that can improve the diets of their patients. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to understand what clinical strategies healthcare organizations are using to increase access to fruits and vegetables (F&V) for their patient populations. In addition, we aimed to review the impact on health outcomes. Methods Titles and abstracts were searched in PubMed® (MEDLINE®), Embase®, CINAHL®, and the Cochrane Library® from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2019. Original studies must have included a healthcare organization and had a programmatic focus on increasing access to or providing fresh F&V to patients in an outpatient, naturalistic setting. The Effective Public Health Project tool was used to assess study quality in 6 domains (selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods, and withdrawals and dropouts). Two reviewers independently verified included studies, study quality, and data extraction. Results A total of 8877 abstracts were screened which yielded 46 manuscripts from 30 studies. There were 6 program models identified including: 1) cash-back rebate programs, 2) prescription voucher programs, 3) garden-based programs, 4) subsidized food boxes/community supported agriculture (CSA) programs, 5) home-delivery meal programs, and 6) collaborative food pantry-clinical programs. Only 6/30 studies included a control group. The overall quality of the studies was weak due to study participant selection bias, and incomplete reporting on tools used for data collection, confounders, and dropouts. Generally, studies that measured dietary intake found some improvements after these interventions. Other objective health markers such as blood pressure and body mass index had mixed results. Conclusions Healthcare-based models currently being tested that provide patients with access to F&V are novel and appear to have promise. However, future studies will need to use rigorous study designs, validated data collection tools and more sophisticated data analysis methodologies to better determine the effect of these interventions on health outcomes. Funding Sources This study was funded with internal fund to RW and SV.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of General Population toward Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Relation to Health and Quality of Life in Sungai Petani, Malaysia.

Purpose:The demand of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased drastically over the past few decades. The perceptions about CAMs among general population are positive. However, the literature highlights that effectiveness and acceptance of alternative therapies among the general population is still a subject of debate.Materials and Methods:This is a cross-sectional study and the response along with demographic details was collected through a validated questionnaire; the results were analyzed by using a validated data collection tool. The results were concluded based on good, moderate, and poor responses, which were evaluated through data analysis by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0., SPSS Inc., Chicago, III, USA. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:In total, 182 (44.4%) of male and 228 (55.6%) of female respondents were selected for this study. Studies showed that a greater knowledge level was observed among female respondents (15.55 ± 2.7, P < 0.001). The selected Chinese population had relatively good knowledge (i.e., 15.63, P = 0.006). People practicing Buddhism had also good knowledge. Rural population had lesser family income and showed a good practice pattern and understanding (P = 0.006). The positive attitude was identified among women ( P < 0.001) with a mean score of 15.55 ± 2.7. Postgraduate participants were found to have diverse results with SD ± 6.23, and 77.1% had a good attitude. A statistically significant association was observed between religion and attitude of respondents (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Although a better practice was noticed in Malaysian population, more awareness is required and knowledge should be disseminated among the population to improve the overall health and quality of life in Malaysia.

Availability of emergency obstetric and newborn care services at public health facilities of Sindh province in Pakistan

BackgroundBasic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care services in Pakistan remain a challenge considering continued high burden of maternal and newborn mortality. This study aimed to assess the availability of emergency obstetric and newborn care in Sindh Province of Pakistan.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted in twelve districts of the Sindh province in Pakistan. The districts were selected based on the maternal neonatal and child health indicators. Data were collected from 63 public-sector health facilities including district, Taluka (subdistrict) headquarters hospitals and rural health centers. Basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric newborn care services were assessed through direct observations and interviews with the heads of the health facilities by using a World Health Organization pretested and validated data collection tool. Participants interviewed in this study included the managers and auxiliary staff and in health facilities.ResultsAvailability of caesarean section (23, 95% C.I. 14.0–35.0) and blood transfusion services (57, 95% CI. 44.0–68.0), the two components of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care, was poor in our study. However, assessment of the seven components of basic emergency obstetric and newborn services showed that 92% of the health facilities (95% C.I. 88.0–96.0) had parenteral antibiotics, 90%, (95% C.I. 80.0–95.0) had oxytocin, 92% (95% CI 88.0–96.0) had manual removal of the placenta service, 87% (95%, C.I. 76.0–93.0) of the facilities had staff who could remove retained products of conception, 82% (95% C.I. 71.0–89.0) had facilities for normal birth and 80% (95% C.I. 69.0–88.0) reported presence of neonatal resuscitation service.ConclusionThough the basic obstetric and newborn services were reasonably available, comprehensive obstetric and newborn services were not available as per the World Health Organization’s standards in the surveyed public health facilities. Ensuring the availability of caesarean section and blood transfusion services within these facilities may improve population’s access to these essential services around birth.

Participation Motivation Scale For E-Sports: Validity and Reliability Study (PMSES)

Electronic sports appeared in the world in the late 1970s and gained popularity in the 2000s. In Turkey, on the other hand, the popularity and the number of players have increased after 2008. In this study, the Participation Motivation Scale for E-Sports (PMSES) was developed in order to evaluate the motivation for participation of those who do E-Sports. The research included 590 participants that play various E-Sports games. The research was designed as the structural equation and mixed model. Within the scope of the structural validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out in the SPSS 23, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to the measuring instrument in AMOS Software. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was found to be 0.975 and the sample size was found to be sufficient. As a result of the factor analysis applied regarding the validity of the scale, three factors representing 78.847% of the total variance were obtained. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.972 as a result of the reliability analysis of the 22-item scale. It can be said that the Participation Motivation Scale for E-Sports (PMSES) is a valid and reliable data collection tool that can measure the participation motivation of the individuals who do E-Sports.

Development of the Academic Stressors Scale for Bulgarian University Students

There are numerous studies regarding the damage of academic stress on student well-being and achievement. Unfortunately, there are not many methods to measure various academic among students. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the to which students are subjected in the academic environment. Research Methods : After interviews with students about the to which they are subjected at the university, a test form of a scale , which contains 19 items , was developed. The scale form was completed by 187 first-year students at the university . Findings: The results showed that the Academic scale was a reliable and valid data collection tool to be used in higher education. Four subscales emerged: stress related to parental expectations, stress related to lack of knowledge, stress related to learning material and the lecturers , and stress related to auditorium activities, which were confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. It was found that the biggest stressor in the academic environment was the stress associated with lack of knowledge. Implications for Research and Practice : Researchers and educators can use and apply the Academic stressors scale among students ; and thus , track which students are most vulnerable to poor success and dropout from the university, and take measures to prevent such negative consequences.

Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality: evidence from maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in Ogun state, Southwest Nigeria

BackgroundNigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. Most maternal death reviews in Nigeria are isolated research based reports from a single health facility. This study determined causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality in Ogun statefollowing a periodic State-widematernal and perinatal deaths surveillance and response (MPDSR) review.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of cases of maternal deaths notified (n = 77) and reviewed (n = 45) in health facilities in Ogun State from 2015 to 2016selected using total sampling method. Using the national MPDSR structured and validated data collection tools or questionnaire, collected data was extracted from existing MPDSR data base, andanalyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software 20.0. We obtained approval from the State Ministry of Health for this study.ResultsAverage age at maternal death was 30.8 ± 5.7 years. Haemorrhageand pre-eclampsia or eclampsia account for 43.4 and 36.9% of causes respectively. Leading contributory factors ofmaternal deaths include inadequate human resource for health, delay in seeking care, inadequate equipment, lack of ambulance transportation, and delay in referrals services. 51.1%of the women had antenatal care while a significant proportion of the women were referred from Traditional Births Attendants (TBAs) and mission houses.ConclusionWe concluded that many of the contributory factors of maternal mortality could be avoided if preventive measures were taken and adequate care available. MPDSR provides a platform for critical evidence of where the main problems lie, and can provide valuable information on strategies which maternal mortality prevention programs should focus on. The implementation and institutionalization of MPDSR programme is on course in Ogun State. MPDSR is feasible and should be institutionalized in all states of Nigeria. A commitment to act upon the findings of MPDSR is a key prerequisite for success.

Pedagojik bilgi ve beceri ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

This research aims to adapt the Pedagogical Knowledge and Skills in Teaching (PKST) survey developed by Wong, Chong, Choy and Lim (2012) to Turkish. The participants of the study are 830 4th year students of education faculty studying at two different public universities. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted with total 205 pre-service teachers in which 110 (53. 6%) of female and 95 (46,4 %) of male. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was also carried out with total 625 preservice teachers in which 330 (52. 8 %) of them are female, 295 (47. 2 %) of them are male. Back translation was used to ensure language validity. EFA and CFA were conducted for the construct validity and to ensure psychometric characteristics of measurement tool. EFA show that survey has six factors and 37 items. Coefficient was 0.94 for the survey whereas it ranged between 0.70 and 0.88 for its factors. The analyses and findings show that the survey is a valid and reliable data collection tool.

Developing a scale of social attitude towards childhood epilepsies: a validity and reliability study.

Aim:There is no scale of social attitude towards childhood epilepsies. In this research study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale based on three-component attitude model to measure society’s attitudes towards childhood epilepsy.Material and Methods:This study was conducted in a province in Central Anatolia with 314 participants (150 males and 164 emales) aged between 18 and 68 years. The data in the study were obtained by applying a draft scale consisting of 52 items. Correlation analysis was performed to determine item discrimination of the items included in the draft scale; exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the scale’s structure validity and Cronbach alpha internal-consistency coefficients were used to determine the scale’s measurement reliability.Results:In the study, a two-factor structure with an eigenvalue above 1, which explained 52.39% of the variance, was obtained as a result of principal component analysis and Horn’s parallel analysis. Following confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure modeled in exploratory factor analysis was confirmed within the context of standard fit values. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient (measurement reliability of the scale) was between 0.75 and 0.85. The Childhood Epilepsy Attitude Scale consists of 12 items included in two factors: (i) Affective and Behavioral Attitude and (ii) Cognitive Attitude. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale.Conclusion:According to the data obtained in the study, the scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool that can be used for measuring individuals’ attitudes towards childhood epilepsy. It is thought that this scale can be used in studies related to childhood epilepsy.

An analysis of pharmacy workforce capacity in Nigeria

BackgroundPharmacists are critical for attaining the goal of universal health coverage and equitable access to essential health services, particularly in relation to access to medicines and medicines expertise. We describe an analysis of the pharmacy workforce in Nigeria from 2011 to 2016 in order to gain insight on capacity and to inform pharmacy workforce planning and policy development in the country.MethodThe study was conducted using census data obtained from the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) via a validated data collection tool. The statistical methods used for analysis were descriptive (frequencies, percentages, mean) and linear regression. Secondary data on population distribution per state was obtained from the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the National Population Commission (NPC) of Nigeria.ResultThe data showed 21,892 registered pharmacists with only 59% (n = 12,807) in active professional practice. There are also more male (62%) compared to female pharmacists while 42% of the licensed workforce with known area of practice are in community practice followed by hospital pharmacy (11%). A rise in number of pharmacists (0.53–0.66) and new pharmacy graduates per year (0.062–0.083) per 10,000 population was observed over the five years analysed; however the overall density remains significantly low. Pharmacists’ density also varied considerably between states (Median = 0.39; Min - Max: 0.05–4.3). Regionally, more than a third (~ 40%) of the licensed workforce and community pharmacies are situated in the South West region with fewer than 10% of the total in the North East and North West regions combined. A steady decline in number of pharmacists requesting a “letter of good standing” from PCN, a proxy measure of intent to migrate was also observed.ConclusionThe data indicate ongoing deficits in availability and supply of pharmacists in the country with widespread variance in distribution observed across the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The findings suggest that observed deficits are not solely related to out-migration and highlights the need for policies that will promote increased within-country availability, equitable distribution and retention, especially in the underserved regions of North East and North West of Nigeria.

LEGO Robotik Öğretim Uygulamalarının Kabulü Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları

In the scope of the study it was aimed to develop the acceptance scale of LEGO robotics instructional practices to determine the prospective teachers’ acception of LEGO robotics instructional practices. Scale development study was carried out with the help of 360 prospective teachers having been educated at Bartin University during the 2016-2017 academic semester. Before testing form of the scale was applied to the prospective teachers, they had been introduced on LEGO Mindstorms EV3 set and how to integrate these sets into learning and teaching process. Item analysis studies were done with the correlational analysis method and the factor structure of the scale was determined with the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis studies indicated the scale had one factor and four components. The components of the scale was called as perceived benefit, perceived easy use, intention to use and attitude. Cronbach Alpha reliability parameter of the whole scale was found as .956 and Cronbach Alpha reliability parameters of the components of the scale were found respectively as .924; .929; .834, .915. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis studies as well as Cronbach Alpha parameters indicated the acceptance scale of LEGO robotics instructional practices has been a reliable and valid data collection tool.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Environmentally Desirable Responding Scale (EDRS)

This study was aimed to test the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Environmentally Desirable Responding Scale (EDRS). The EDRS contained 18 items, which were expressed on a 4-point Likert scale. The study group consisted of 221 recreational outdoor sports participants from Ankara, Turkey. The participants included 78 females and 143 males, with a mean age of 23.2 years and a standard deviation of 3.92 years. Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) produced a 3-factor solution with the sub-dimensions self-deception/denial of negatives, image management and self-deception/assertion of positives. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed this 3-factor solution, AGFI=0.87, GFI=0.90, NFI=0.91, CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.061 SRMR=0.053. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient values for 3 sub-dimensions ranged from 0.74 to 0.87. These suggest that the Turkish version of the questionnaire is a valid and reliable data collection tool for recreational outdoor sports participants.

Development, Validation, and Application for a Bilingual Education Curriculum in Turkey

The right to education is one of the most essential rights ensured by international agreements. The right of mother tongue education is vital for a child to have equal access to education and derive benefits from that education as do other children. The literature has claimed that receiving bilingual education offers many benefits, such as preserving cultural and ethnic identity and the linguistic knowledge of minority groups, and helps in socialization so that minority group members are involved in the community. Therefore, a need exists to develop a bilingual education program for the benefit of the academic development and social life of minority communities. The purpose of this study is to investigate a bilingual education curriculum scale including certain parameters such as the views and attitudes towards bilingual education and curriculum development that may affect the development of a bilingual education curriculum in Turkey. The results indicated that “The Attitude Scale towards the Development of a Bilingual Education Curriculum (DBEC)” is a valid and reliable tool. The DBEC is a valid and reliable data collection tool for future studies on attitudes towards a bilingual education curriculum.

Los estilos de amor en estudiantes universitarios. Diferencias en función del sexo-género

En este trabajo describimos los estilos de amor que se dan entre la población juvenil de la Universidad de Sevilla y hacemos un análisis de las diferencias según el sistema sexo-género. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo y transversal que ha empleado una adaptación contextualizada de la escala Love Attitudes Style (Hendrick et al. 1998). Este instrumento validado de recogida de datos, que hemos denominado ‘ReLAS’, fue administrado finalmente a 447 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (267 mujeres y 180 hombres). Los resultados señalan que, por lo general, los sujetos cuentan con un concepto idealizado y romántico del amor, en el que la sexualidad y los aspectos más pasionales o de atracción son secundarios, aunque con ciertos matices importantes, como hemos podido comprobar al estudiar las diferencias por sexo atribuibles a los roles de género.

Efecto de la estrategia de promoción de salud escolar Forma Joven

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Youth Form Strategy (EFJ, Estrategia Forma Joven) on the attitudes and behaviours of students in the fourth year of compulsory secondary school in Seville, Spain. MethodsA longitudinal observational design was used with two groups; one received the EFJ (EFJ group) and other did not (non-EFJ group). In the initial evaluation, 402 participants were randomly selected and, in the follow-up at 6 months, 322 participants were evaluated (161 per group). Validated data collection tools were used, and 2×2 tables, odds ratio (OR) and general ANOVA for 2×2 mixed factorial design (p<0.05) were calculated. ResultsFavourable effects of the EFJ were found: in the area of sexuality, the percentage of participants who had sexual intercourse in the final assessment was lower in the EFJ group (14.9% vs 23.4%; OR=0.57), as were counter-effects: start of tobacco use was higher in the EFJ group (19.5% vs 9.1%; OR=2.43). However, these differences were not statistically significant. ConclusionsThe similarities in the school health promotion programme in centres with and without EFJ may have influenced the lack of conclusive results. Individual and/or group counselling at schools, a distinguishing feature of the EFJ, could have delayed sexual intercourse in the EFJ group. Based on the studies on school health promotion activities, good practices that could help to improve the effectiveness of the EFJ are recommended.

Reliability and Validity of the “Decision-making Skills Instrument for Children”

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable data collection tool to assess the decision-making skills of children at the age of 5 to 6. The study group is composed of 300 children attending independent pre-schools located in the central district of Amasya province and their parents. In the study, four-factor and 29-item “ Decision-Making Skills Instrument-Child Form ” involving “yes” and “no” answers and Likert-type single-factor and nine-item “ Decision-Making Skills Instrument-Parent Form ” aimed at assessing children’s decision making skills based on the parents’ impressions involving the answers “never”, “sometimes”, “sometimes”, “often”, and “always” were developed. The findings showed that ““ Decision-Making Skills Instrument-Child Form ” consisting 29 items and “ Decision-Making Skills Instrument-Parent Form ” consisting 9 items are reliable and valid measurement tools.

Determining Attitudes towards Pedagogical Teacher Training: A Scale Development Study

&lt;p&gt;Education is the key to raising generations that are modern, democratic, productive, diligent, understanding, perceptive, critical and inquisitive. Teacher education is more important today than it has been in half a century. Thus, teachers are so significant to education and scholars argue that teacher quality is the most important within-school factor affecting student performance because great teachers help create great students. In fact, research shows that an inspiring and informed teacher is the most important school-related factor influencing student achievement, so it is critical to pay close attention to how we train and support both new and experienced educators (Edutopia, 2008). The Republic of Turkey has made great efforts to train teachers and meet the demand for teachers. Pedagogical teacher training is a part of this effort. This study will help determine the attitudes of teacher candidates towards the Pedagogical teacher training they receive, and in this regard the purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool that can be utilized in future studies. The study showed that “The Attitude Scale towards Pedagogical Teacher Training (PFETO)” is a valid and reliable tool. PFETO is a valid and reliable data collection tool for future studies on attitudes towards Pedagogical Teacher Training.&lt;/p&gt;