Valence Change Research Articles

The effect of emotional changes in composite reviews on consumers' information adoption from a dual perspective

PurposeWith the appearance of additional review functionality on e-commerce platforms emotional changes in composite reviews have become more diverse. How consumers process the emotional changes in composite reviews is an important concern for companies. This study investigates the impact of explores how changes in the emotional valence and emotional intensity of composite reviews on consumers' information adoption.Design/methodology/approachBased on emotion as social information theory, this study constructs a double mediation model of how the change in emotional valence of composite reviews affects consumers' adoption intention and examines the moderating effect of the dynamic change of emotional intensity. One field and three online experiments were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsConsumers were more likely to adopt positive–negative composite reviews than negative–positive composite reviews. Compared to negative–positive composite reviews, positive–negative composite reviews led to higher perceived empathy and lower motivational suspicion, which, in turn, led to higher information adoption. Moreover, dynamic changes in emotional intensity played a moderating role in this effect. Interestingly, the amount of attribute difference changed the differences in perceived empathy and motivated consumer suspicion generated by the composite review when considering the reviewer’s attribute difference description.Originality/valueThe findings have important theoretical contributions that deepen business and consumer understanding of the impact of composite reviews and have practical implications for improving the management of composite reviews by businesses.

Inflection class interactions and valency changes in Matlatzinca

Abstract In this paper, we explore how changes in the inflection class membership of verbs in Matlatzinca (Oto-Pamean, Oto-Manguean, Mexico) lead to changes in both their valency and meaning. In Matlatzinca, verbs often exhibit multiple class membership so that a given verb may be inflected as transitive in one class but as intransitive in another. For instance, the verb chun+ta, when inflected in different classes, can encompass diverse meanings: the action of ‘waking someone up’; the result state of ‘being awake’; and the spontaneous event of ‘waking up’. This linguistic phenomenon is intriguing from both a typological and a theoretical perspective as it challenges our understanding of lexical representation by prompting the question of whether these meanings represent distinct lexical entries or various construals of the same verb (Spencer 2013).

Improved Na+ adsorption performance and storage mechanism of cobalt hexacyanoferrate/polyaniline composite during the hybrid capacitive deionization process

In order to realize high desalting capacity of capacitive deionization (CDI) system, cobalt hexacyanoferrate/polyaniline (CoHCF/PANI) composite with hollow hierarchical tubular structure was finely prepared by employing conductive hollow PANI tube as the interconnection skeleton for CoHCF cubic particles grown in situ, thereby endowing this composite with good conductivity, abundant redox active sites and stable structure. The synergistic effect between the CoHCF layer and PANI layer makes the CoHCF/PANI electrode possess superior specific capacitance (263.8F·g−1) and high contribution of the capacitance behavior (87.8 %) at 5 mV·s−1. Compared with either the single PANI or CoHCF electrode, the CoHCF/PANI electrode exhibits outstanding salt adsorption capacity (30.48 mg·g−1), rapid salt adsorption rate (3.66 mg·g−1·min−1) and excellent cycle stability (retention rate 98.1 %). Different from the CoHCF/PANI(+)‖AC(−) cell, there is no inversion peak in the AC(+)‖CoHCF/PANI(−) cell, which testifies that the CoHCF/PANI electrode is easier to capture Na+ ions. Based on the XPS spectra before and after desalination tests, the Na+ adsorption mechanism of the CoHCF/PANI electrode as cathode for the hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) system was further explored. It is found that the change of element valence in CoHCF/PANI composites (reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and Co3+ to Co2+ in CoHCF, partial reduction of −C = N+ to −N–H- in PANI) is the main factor leading to Na+ intercalation. This study emphasizes the significance for fine design of the electrode material and strategic configuration of the HCDI cell.

WITHDRAWN: Multi-layers hexagonal hole MXene trap constructed by carbon vacancy defect regulation strategy enables high energy density potassium-ions storage

Due to the slow reaction kinetics of potassium-ions with large size radius in layered materials, the energy density of aqueous potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (PIHCs) is severely limited. At the same time, the treatment of defects is a "double-edged sword" in energy storage materials, which requires targeted and precise regulation. In order to solve this problem, multi-layers hexagonal hole MXene trap was constructed by using the carbon vacancy defect regulation strategy, and high specific capacitance and energy density potassium-ion storage was realized in PIHCs. The structure-activity relationship at the atomic level was elucidated in combination with the pseudo-capacitance effect caused by the change of valency of newly exposed titanium atoms in the inner wall of the hexagonal hole MXene trap. By density functional theory, the adsorption energy and kinetic analysis of multi-layers hexagonal hole MXene for potassium-ions were calculated, and the optimal position and quantity of potassium-ions were determined. By quantitative analysis of electron band structure and differential charge density, the internal mechanism of high conductivity and energy density of multi-layers hexagonal hole MXene PIHCs was revealed.

FeSx/MoS2 heterostructure decorated S-coated hydroxylated carbon nanotubes for boosting catalytic activity and mitigating polysulfide shuttling in lithium-sulfur batteries

Heterostructure was widely study to figure out the inferior shuttle effect of intermediate lithium polysulfides and the sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reaction in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). However, they have low electrical conductivity and no clear discharge/charge catalytic mechanism as LSBs cathode. Combination of heterostructure and functional carbonaceous is a promising choice. Herein, FeSx/MoS2 heterostructure decorated S-coated hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (FSM/SHC) were successfully designed and the catalytic mechanism of FSM was elucidated by in-/ex- situ electrochemical characterizations. Compared to FeSx/MoS2 heterostructure decorated carbon nanotubes (FSM/C)-based sulfur cathode, the chemical adsorption capacity to anchor intermediate polysulfides and the Li-S conversion reaction kinetics of FSM/SHC has been enhanced ascribed to the introduction of polar bonds and functional groups. As a consequence, FSM/SHC-based sulfur modified cathode delivers a marked sulfur reversion (1280 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 0.2C and 1048 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 4C) and a high capacity retention of 6 mAh cm−2 over 70 cycles at 0.5C (8 mg cm−2). Moreover,the FSM heterostructuredemonstrates an accelerated electron transfer caused by the valence change of Fe0/Fe3+transition, Mo4+/Mo6+ transition and heterointerface, and thus facilitates the redox reaction kinetics of polysulfide. This work reveals the advantages of multi metal-based heterostructures and functional group modification in LSBs.

Effects of valence changes of iodine on perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) Raman

In recent years, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have garnered extensive attention from scholars. Given its high absorption coefficient, carrier mobility, and diffusion length, it is widely studied for applications in various optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, photodetectors, field-effect transistors, and light emitting diodes. Among them, the interfacial charge transfer process is a key factor influencing the performance of devices using perovskite materials. The charge transfer (CT) at the interface is typically detected via Raman spectroscopy. There are three types of related CT processes, namely, the interfacial ground state charge transfer, the photoinduced charge transfer resonance, and the electronic excitation resonance within the molecule itself. Among these factors, electronic excitation resonance manifests as an exciton resonance within the perovskite structure, providing energy for nearby charge transfer, thereby promoting charge transfer and enhancing Raman signals. Therefore, enhancing exciton resonance within the perovskite structure plays a crucial role in optoelectronic devices. This paper aimed to study the mechanism of oxygen plasma passivation of interstitial iodine defects and its enhancement effect on the Raman of perovskite substrates. Typically, interstitial iodine defects induce electron–hole recombination. In the process of oxygen plasma treatment, interstitial iodine is converted into pentavalent iodine, which can effectively fill related defects, inhibit electron–hole recombination, and prolong exciton lifetime, thereby promoting charge transfer and enhancing Raman intensity.

4f electron temperature driven ultrafast electron localization

Valence transitions in strongly correlated electron systems are caused by orbital hybridization and Coulomb interactions between localized and delocalized electrons. The transition can be triggered by changes in the electronic structure and is sensitive to temperature variations, applications of magnetic fields, and physical or chemical pressure. Launching the transition by photoelectric fields can directly excite the electronic states and thus provides an ideal platform to study the correlation among electrons on ultrafast timescales. The EuNi2(Si0.21Ge0.79)2 mixed-valence metal is an ideal material to investigate the valence transition of the Eu ions via the amplified orbital hybridization by the photoelectric field on subpicosecond timescales. A direct view on the 4f electron occupancy of the Eu ions is required to understand the microscopic origin of the transition. Here we probe the 4f electron states of EuNi2(Si0.21Ge0.79)2 at the sub-ps timescale after photoexcitation by x-ray absorption spectroscopy across the Eu M5-absorption edge. The observed spectral changes due to the excitation indicate a population change of total angular momentum multiplet states J = 0, 1, 2, and 3 of Eu3+ and the Eu2+ J = 7/2 multiplet state caused by an increase in 4f electron temperature that results in a 4f localization process. This electronic temperature increases combined with fluence-dependent screening accounts for the strongly nonlinear effective valence change. The data allow us to extract a time-dependent determination of an effective temperature of the 4f shell, which is also of great relevance in the understanding of metallic systems' properties, such as the ultrafast demagnetization of ferromagnetic rare-earth intermetallic and their all-optical magnetization switching. In addition, our results elucidate the energetics of charge fluctuations in valence-mixed electronic systems, which provide enriched knowledge regarding the role of valence transitions and orbital hybridization for quantum critical phenomena. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Indirect evidence of Bi3+ valence change and dual role of Bi3+ in trapping electrons and holes for multimode X-ray imaging, anti-counterfeiting, and non-real-time force sensing

Discovering bismuth based smart materials that can respond to thermal, mechanical, and wide range X-ray to infrared photon excitation remains a challenge. Such materials have various uses like in advanced information encryption. In this work, valence state change between Bi2+, Bi3+, and Bi4+, and the dual role of Bi3+ in trapping electrons and holes have been studied in Bi3+ or/and Ln3+ (Ln=Tb or Pr) doped LiScGeO4 family of compounds by vacuum referred binding energy (VRBE) diagram construction, thermoluminescence, and spectroscopy. Electron release from Bi2+ has been evidenced. It can be used to experimentally determine the VRBE in the Bi2+ 2P1/2 ground state and to realize Bi3+ negative quenching luminescence. Particularly, a new force induced charge carrier storage phenomenon has been discovered for non-real-time force recording. Wide range of emission tailorable afterglow, unique Bi3+ ultraviolet-A, white, and infrared afterglow have been demonstrated by using Bi3+ as a hole trapping and recombination center and using energy transfer processes from Bi3+ to Tb3+, Pr3+, Dy3+, or Cr3+. Proof-of-concept advanced anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, and X-ray imaging will be demonstrated. This work not only develops smart storage phosphors, but more importantly unravels the valence change between Bi2+, Bi3+, or Bi4+ and how it can affect the trapping and release of charge carriers with thermal, optical, or mechanical excitation. This work therefore can promote the discovery and development of Bi3+ based smart materials for various applications.

Enhanced reductive removal of aqueous Hg(II) by a novel Pd-Cu-BTC catalyst

The reusability of catalytic materials is crucial for their practical applications to environmental water treatment technologies. In this study, we synthesized a novel catalytic metal–organic framework, Pd impregnated Cu-BTC (1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), and investigated its performance in the reductive removal of Hg(II). Our analysis of adsorbed Hg species and valence change of metals on the catalyst surface provided valuable insights into the reaction mechanism. Experimental findings revealed that the reactivity and the transformed Hg(0) adsorbed on the catalyst surface were significantly increased following the metal order of Pd > Ru > Pt. Reduced Pd-Cu-BTC exhibited a remarkable Hg(II) removal of 99.9 % within 2.5 min, with the highest adsorption capacity (4.43 mg·g−1) and pseudo-second-order rate constant (k2 = 0.343 g·mg−1·min−1). Increasing the Pd content significantly enhanced Hg(0) adsorption, from 40 % with 1 % Pd to 96 % with 6 % Pd. Moreover, the catalyst maintained its reactivity throughout nine consecutive cycles, effectively removing all aqueous Hg species. The catalyst shows promising potential for recovery through thermal desorption due to the highest adsorbed Hg(0) from Hg(II) reduction reaction. Hence, the reduced Pd-Cu-BTC is an effective and sustainable catalyst for application in the removal of Hg(II) in water and wastewater treatment technologies, highlighting its long-term usability.

Atomic Layer Deposition Films for Resistive Random‐Access Memories

AbstractResistive random‐access memory (RRAM) stands out as a promising memory technology due to its ease of operation, high speed, affordability, exceptional stability, and potential to enable smaller memory devices with sizes under 10 nm. This has drawn significant attention, with atomic layer deposition (ALD) emerging as an ideal technology to tackle the challenges of nanoscale fabrication in the micro‐ and nanomanufacturing industry. ALD offers technological advantages such as functional multiple‐layer stacking, doping capabilities, and incorporating oxygen reservoirs or reactive layers. These factors contribute to achieving more intriguing, stable, and reliable nonvolatile resistance switching behaviors in RRAM. Specifically, ALD greatly benefits RRAM, that relies on the valence change mechanism, where high‐k transition metal oxides are commonly used as switching materials, and precise control over oxygen vacancies is achievable. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ALD films used in RRAM, delves into resistive switching properties and microscopic mechanisms in binary and ternary oxides and nitrides, and explores the impact of ALD‐prepared electrodes. Furthermore, the current status and future prospects of ALD‐based RRAM are highlighted, which is poised to catalyze further advancements in the fields of information storage and neural networks.

Orchestrating apoptosis and ferroptosis through enhanced sonodynamic therapy using amorphous UIO-66-CoOx

The development of efficient and multifunctional sonosensitizers is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, we have successfully constructed a CoOx-loaded amorphous metal-organic framework (MOF) UIO-66 (A-UIO-66-CoOx) sonosensitizer with excellent catalase (CAT)- and glutathione-oxidase (GSH-OXD)-like activities. The A-UIO-66-CoOx exhibits a 2.6-fold increase in singlet oxygen (1O2) generation under ultrasound (US) exposure compared to crystalline UIO-66 sonosensitizer, which is attributed to its superior charge transfer efficiency and consistent oxygen (O2) supply. Additionally, the A-UIO-66-CoOx composite reduces the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) by depleting glutathione (GSH) through Co3+ and Co2+ valence changes. The high levels of highly cytotoxic 1O2 and deactivation of GPX4 can lead to lethal lipid peroxidation, resulting in concurrent apoptosis and ferroptosis. Both in vitro and vivo tumor models comprehensively confirmed the enhanced SDT antitumor effect using A-UIO-66-CoOx sonosensitizer. Overall, this study emphasizes the possibility of utilizing amorphization engineering to improve the effectiveness of MOFs-based sonosensitizers for combined cancer therapies.

NiFe Prussian blue analog cocatalyzed TiO2/In2S3 type-II heterojunction for solar water splitting

Due to the excellent stability of titanium dioxide (TiO2), there is still value in improving its solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency through tremendous attempts. Metal sulfides with a narrow bandgap are good candidates to broaden the ultraviolet light absorption of TiO2 into the visible light region. However, sulfides suffer from the photocorrosion issue, leading to poor stability. Herein, a type-II heterojunction of TiO2/In2S3 is fabricated by a hydrothermal method, and a NiFe Prussian blue analog (NFP) overlayer is deposited on the surface of TiO2/In2S3 through a chemical bath deposition technique. Under AM1.5G illumination, a photocurrent density of 1.81 mA cm-2 can be obtained with NFP coated TiO2/In2S3 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, which is six folds of the photocurrent of TiO2. This photocurrent value can reach up to about 90% of its theoretical photocurrent. During a 12 h stability test, the TiO2/In2S3/NFP photoanode exhibits a high photocurrent retention of 95.17% after an initial transient decrease. The type-II heterojunction of TiO2/In2S3 can efficiently boost the charge separation because of the built-in electric field and enhance the visible-light absorption because of the narrow bandgap of In2S3. A NFP overlayer serves as the cocatalyst for water oxidation reaction due to its valence changes of nickel and iron elements. NFP cocatalyst can rapidly extract the photogenerated holes from In2S3 and then improve the charge separation/injection efficiencies. Thanks to chemical stability of NFP, its coating can also make In2S3 resistant to photocorrosion by physically separating the photoanode from the electrolyte. Therefore, there is a good synergistic effect between the TiO2/In2S3 heterojunction and NFP cocatalyst. This work provides some crucial insights for the interface engineering and material design in photoelectrochemical systems.

Memristive Explainable Artificial Intelligence Hardware.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is often considered a black box because it provides optimal answers without clear insight into its decision-making process. To address this black box problem, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has emerged, which provides an explanation and interpretation of its decisions, thereby promoting the trustworthiness of AI systems. Here, a memristive XAI hardware framework is presented. This framework incorporates three distinct types of memristors (Mott memristor, valence change memristor, and charge trap memristor), each responsible for performing three essential functions (perturbation, analog multiplication, and integration) required for the XAI hardware implementation. Three memristor arrays with high robustness are fabricated and the image recognition of 3 × 3 testing patterns and their explanation map generation are experimentally demonstrated. Then, a software-based extended system based on the characteristics of this hardware is built, simulating a large-scale image recognition task. The proposed system can perform the XAI operations with only 4.32% of the energy compared to conventional digital systems, enlightening its strong potential for the XAI accelerator.

Attachment and perceptual accuracy of hard and flat partner emotions in everyday life

AbstractPerceiving partner emotions accurately is relevant for relationship functioning and may relate to perceivers’ attachment orientations. Here we tested whether attachment anxiety and avoidance affect the perception of a hard and a flat partner emotion which can signal a relationship threat, that is, irritation and indifference towards the partner, and of general affective valence. We assessed whether individuals (1) over‐ or underestimate (directional bias) and (2) track changes (tracking accuracy) in their partner's emotions. Ninety‐four couples reported on their own emotions and their perception of their partner's emotions multiple times per day during 1 week. Results revealed that more avoidantly attached men less accurately tracked changes in partner irritation and more anxiously attached men less accurately tracked changes in partner affective valence. No other significant associations of attachment with tracking accuracy nor with directional bias were found. Overall, the findings suggest no robust relation between attachment insecurity and perception of partner irritation, indifference and affective valence in everyday life.

Valency of Ligand-Receptor Binding from Pair Potentials.

Coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations have been crucial for investigating the dynamics of nanoparticle uptake by cell membranes via ligand-receptor interactions. These models have enabled researchers to evaluate the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, and ligand distribution on cellular uptake. However, when pair potentials are used to represent ligand-receptor interactions, the number of receptors interacting with one ligand, valency, may vary. We demonstrate that the curvature of a nanoparticle, strength of ligand-receptor interactions, and ligand or receptor concentration change the valency, ranging from 3.4 to 5.1 in this study. Such a change in valency can create inaccurate comparisons between nanoparticles or even result in the uptake of smaller nanoparticles than would be expected. To rectify this inconsistency, we propose the adoption of a model based on bond formation and use it to determine the extent to which previous studies may have been affected. This work recommends avoiding pair potentials for modeling ligand-receptor interactions to ensure methodological consistency in nanoparticle studies.

An electrochemiluminescence sensor based on lanthanide bimetallic MOFs with a “cascade sensitization mechanism” for the sensitive detection of CA242

Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) broaden the optical sensing applications of lanthanide ions due to the antenna effect between organic ligands and metals. However, the sensitization ability of the ligand to metal ions is limited, and maximizing the sensitization of the electrochemiluminescence behavior of Eu3+ is still a challenge for the application of Ln-MOFs. Therefore, under the guidance of the “cascade sensitization mechanism” based on the antenna effect sensitizing the electrochemiluminescence of bimetallic Ln-MOFs, we proposed Eu/Tb-MOFs with high luminescence intensity as a signal probe. According to the antenna effect, the conjugated structure and high extinction coefficient of the benzene ring of 2-amino terephthalic acid (NH2-BDC) can enhance the ECL luminescence intensity of Eu/Tb-MOFs. Tb3+ can act as an energy bridge between NH2-BDC and Eu3+, buffering the energy gap. The bimetallic sensitization is formed between Tb3+ and Eu3+, which can inhibit the reverse internal flow of energy and ensure the high luminous efficiency of Eu3+. In addition, the nanosphere mixed valence Fe3O4 as a co-reactant accelerator promotes the formation of transient free radical SO4•- through the valence change of Fe2+/Fe3+. The ECL immunosensor constructed by luminophores Eu/Tb-MOFs and nanosphere Fe3O4 provided a new explanation for the ECL self-luminous of Eu/Tb-MOFs.

Investigating the preferential sites of Co2+ substitution in SrCoxFe12−xO19 using Mössbauer spectroscopy

In this paper, a series of M-type hexagonal SrCoxFe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.25, 0.5) samples have been prepared by sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the samples produced were all p63/mmc space groups of single hexagonal crystals, and the lattice parameters a, b and c did not show the expected trend with increasing x. This was related to the valence changes and lattice distortion caused by the substitution of Co[Formula: see text] at the 2a and 4f2 sites. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra studies showed that when [Formula: see text], Fe[Formula: see text] ions were not uniformly distributed, preferring the 4f1, 4f2 and 2a sites; when [Formula: see text], Co[Formula: see text] ions preferentially displaced the 2a and 4f2 sites and the presence of Fe[Formula: see text] was detected; when [Formula: see text], Co[Formula: see text] ions preferentially displaced the 4f1 and 2b sites and the percentage of Fe[Formula: see text] occupancy was reduced, with a greater occupancy ([Formula: see text] occurring at the 12k site, indicating a preference of Fe[Formula: see text] of the doped sample for this site. This work will provide an important reference for the variation of properties induced by different ion doping substitutions of the Fe sites in the hexagonal ferrite family.

A Flexible Nickel-Oxide-Based RRAM Device Prepared Using the Solution Combustion Method

Binary metal oxide materials, such as nickel oxide, are widely used in flexible resistive variable memory devices due to advantages such as their easily controllable material composition, simple structural composition, and good compatibility between manufacturing processes and complementary metal oxide processes. In this work, a solution combustion method was employed to prepare NiOx thin films for use as a resistive switching layer of resistance random-access memory. The formation temperature of the NiOx layer in the RRAM device was kept as low as 175 °C, making the device compatible with flexible substrates. With polyethylene naphthalenediate as the substrate, the NiOx-based RRAM exhibited obvious bipolar resistance-switching properties, superb bending resistance, and good stability. Through theoretical fitting and structural characterization, the conduction mechanisms were attributed to the combination of the space-charge-limited current and Ohmic mechanisms, while the valence change mechanism was determined to be the resistive switching mechanism. This study demonstrates a low-temperature and scalable approach to constructing NiOx-based RRAM devices on flexible substrates.

Enhancing activation and stability of core-shell CuZn catalyst by ZnOx oxygen vacancies for methanol steam reforming

Oxygen vacancies have been proved to be a key to catalysts’ performance in methanol steam reforming (MSR). In this work, a series of CuZn/γ-Al2O3/Al catalysts with different ZnOx oxygen vacancy content were designed to further understand effects of oxygen vacancies on the enhancement of activation and durability. Through numerical investigation and kinetic analysis, it was found that the migration energy of ZnOx on Cu was reduced by oxygen vacancies, leading to a more uniform core-shell structure and accelerated activation. By analysing the changes in valence and particle sizes of Cu species during different stages of the reaction, it was speculated that more uniform core-shell structure and Cu+ resisted Cu agglomeration, leading to a longer lifespan. Ultimately, by analyzing reduction performance and particle evolution of Cu NPs, a ‘delayed release effect’ was discovered.

Emotion equalization app: The effectiveness of dynamic music therapy approaches

A recent study explored how static music playlists of relaxing or uplifting music can improve our mood. Unlike static playlists that rely exclusively on relaxing, uplifting, or consoling music, this study explores eight distinct methods to curate playlists. These approaches include transitions from one dimension to another (e.g., Angry-to-Relaxing, Angry-Uplifting, Relaxing-Uplifting, Relaxing- Natural, Sad-Relaxing, Sad-Uplifting, Uplifting-Relaxing, and Uplifting-Natural). To evaluate the effectiveness of these playlists, online experiments were conducted, wherein participants were surveyed before and after music listening to monitor changes in valence and arousal. The results reveal that Sad-Relaxing, Relaxing-Uplifting, Relaxing-Natural, and Uplifting-Natural playlists give positive changes in participants' valence levels, indicating mood improvement. As for the arousal level, the Angry-Relaxing playlist made people feel calmer. Correspondingly, the Relaxing-Uplifting playlist made people feel more energetic. Moreover, this study has identified specific pathways on a two-dimensional plane where both arousal and valence values could be profitably to good effect, including transitioning from Angry to Relaxing to Uplifting especially for arousal, and Sad to Relaxing or Uplifting especially for valence. These findings highlight how dynamic music can give rise to distinct emotional responses and influence our energy levels, and give guidelines on how to use music therapy playlists for mood enhancement.