Valence Theory Research Articles

Phase composition, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties of LiIn1‐xAlxO2 ceramics

AbstractA series of LiIn1‐xAlxO2 (x =0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) microwave dielectric ceramics with low permittivity were synthesized via a solid‐state reaction method. XRD, Raman spectra, and SEM analysis reveal that a single LiInO2 tetragonal structure phase could be obtained at the x < 0.10, and with the x increased further to 0.15–0.25, the diffraction peaks of the secondary phase LiAlO2 were detected. In the LiIn1‐xAlxO2 ceramics, the τf was closely related to the εr, and the relative density, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties were effectively improved by the Al3+ substitution for In3+. Bond valence theory analysis demonstrates that the Al3+ entered the In3+ site exhibits a strength rattling effect, which is beneficial to the increase of εr. While Al3+ substitution for In3+ simultaneously lowers the average ionic polarizability, resulting in a decrease in εr. A near‐zero τf (0.74 ppm/°C) combined with εr approximately 12.83, Q × f = 58 200 GHz, was obtained in LiIn0.85Al0.15O2 ceramic sintered at 970°C.

Periodic Trends in the Stabilization of Actinyls in Their Higher Oxidation States Using Pyrrophen Ligands.

Owing to the prominent existence and unique chemistry of actinyls, their complexation with suitable ligands is of significant interest. The complexation of high-valent actinyl moieties (An = U, Np, Pu and Am) with the acyclic sal-porphyrin analogue called "pyrrophen" (L(1)) and its dimethyl derivative (L(2)) with four nitrogen and two oxygen donor atoms was studied using relativistic density functional theory. Based on the periodic trends, the [UVO2-L(1)/L(2)]1- complexes show shorter bond lengths and higher bond orders that increase across the series of pentavalent actinyl complexes mainly due to the localization of the 5f orbitals. Among the hexavalent complexes, the [UVIO2-L(1)/L(2)] complexes have the shortest bonds. Following the uranyl complex, due to the plutonium turn, the [AmVIO2-L(1)/L(2)] complexes exhibit comparable properties with those of the former. Charge analysis suggests the complexation to be facilitated through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mainly through σ donation. Thermodynamic feasibility of complexation was modeled using hydrated actinyl moieties in aqueous medium and was found to be spontaneous. The dimethylated pyrrophen (L(2)) shows higher magnitudes of thermodynamic parameters indicating increased feasibility compared to the unsubstituted ligand (L(1)). Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) along with extended transition-state-natural orbitals for chemical valence theory (ETS-NOCV) analysis shows that the dominant electrostatic contributions decrease across the series and are counteracted by Pauli repulsion. Slight but considerable covalency is provided to hexavalent actinyl complexes by orbital contributions; this was confirmed by molecular orbital (MO) analysis that suggests strong covalency in americyl (VI) complexes. In addition to the pentavalent and hexavalent actinyl moieties, heptavalent actinyl species of neptunyl, plutonyl, and americyl were studied. Beyond the influence of the charges, the geometric and electronic properties point to the stabilization of neptunyl (VII) in the pyrrophen ligand environment, while the others shift to a lower (+VI) and relatively stable OS on complexation.

Deeper insights into dodecahedron distortion and microwave dielectric properties of Y3-xRxAl(Oct)2Al(Tet)3-xSixO12 (x = 0.1–0.5; R = Mg, Ca) garnet-type ceramics

Y3-xRxAl(Oct)2Al(Tet)3-xSixO12 (x = 0.1–0.5; R = Mg, Ca) ceramics were prepared via solid-state reaction method. The effects of Mg2+ (∼0.89 Å) and Ca2+ (∼1.12 Å) substitution at the dodecahedral site for Y3+ (∼1.019 Å) on the microstructure, crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of Y3-xRxAl(Oct)2Al(Tet)3-xSixO12 garnet ceramics were investigated and discussed using the P–V-L theory, Raman spectrum, bond valence theory, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and infrared reflectance spectrum. Different from normal garnet structure of ceramics, the dielectric constant is abnormally increased in Y3-xMgxAl(Oct)2Al(Tet)3-xSixO12 (x = 0.1–0.5) ceramics due to the increase of ion polarizability caused by the rattling effect. There is a dependence of bond energy, bond valence and dodecahedral distortion on τf value, which provides new possibility for tuning the temperature coefficient of garnet ceramics. There are strong effects of grain size distribution, average lattice energy, packing fraction, FWHM of Raman peak on their Q×f values of Y3-xRxAl(Oct)2Al(Tet)3-xSixO12 isostructural ceramics caused by the difference of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ionic radius. Above work provides deeper insights into the understanding of the microstructural characteristics and performance relationship of garnet-type microwave ceramics, and lays a foundation for future applications in the 5G/6G frequency bands.

Structure characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of novel Re2Ce6O15 (Re[dbnd]Y, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics

Based on the cubic fluorite structure, novel ceramic series with Re2Ce6O15 (ReY, Sm, Nd, La) formula had been designed and prepared successfully using solid-state reaction method. The new Re2Ce6O15 (ReY, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics all presented a single phase indexed as CeO2-type structure, belonged to Fm-3m space. The formation mechanism and lattice constant of the crystal structure had been investigated using Rietveld structural refine method. The microstructure of the Re2Ce6O15 (ReY, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics had been evaluated by pores, grain size and its distribution. The dielectric constant had been corrected for the exclusion of pores and depended on the ionic polarizability. The quality factors of the Re2Ce6O15 (ReY, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics had been investigated by packing fraction related to the phonon vibration. The temperature coefficient of resonance frequency had been analyzed using the bond valence theory. The Re2Ce6O15 (ReY, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties with medium dielectric constant, high quality factors and stable resonant frequency temperature coefficient.

Interpreting the bonding of B2H6 and the nature of the 3-center-2-electron bond: decisive test of theory of valency

Interpreting the bonding of B2H6 and the nature of the 3-center-2-electron bond: decisive test of theory of valency

Integrating the valence theory and the norm activation theory to understand consumers’ e-waste recycling intention

Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing challenge, matching the widespread boom in the use of information and communication technology. Opposite to an alarming increasing amount of e-waste, a low rate of consumer engagement in ensuring the proper disposal of such materials intensifies the pressure on the existing e-waste crisis. To deal with this thorny problem, it is of great interest to grasp consumers’ disposal and recycling behavioral intentions. Therefore, this study attempts to understand complementary perspectives around consumers’ e-waste recycling intention based on the integration of the valence theory and the norm activation theory. Four data mining models using classification and prediction-based algorithms, namely Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID), Neural network, Discriminant analysis, and Quick, unbiased, efficient statistical tree (QUEST), were employed to analyze a set of the 398 data collected in Vietnam. The results revealed that the social support value is by far the most critical predictor, followed by the utilitarian value, task difficulty, and monetary risk. It is also noteworthy that the awareness of consequences, education background, the ascription of responsibility, and age were also ranked as critical affecting factors. The lowest influential predictors found in this study were income and gender. In addition, a comparison was made in terms of the classification performance of the four utilized data mining techniques. Based on several evaluation measurements (confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F-measure, ROC curve, and AUC), the aggregated results suggested that CHAID and Neural network performed the best. The findings of this research are expected to assist policymakers and future researchers in updating all information surrounding consumer behavioral intention-related topics focusing on e-waste. Furthermore, the adoption of data mining algorithms for prediction is another insight of this study, which may shed the light on data mining applications in such environmental studies in the future.

A rigorous theory of valence

A rigorous theory of valence

Versatile Ca2LnSbO6:Eu3+/Mn4+ (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors for temperature sensing and plant growth LED

AbstractA multifunctional double‐perovskite‐type Ca2LnSbO6 (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors with Eu3+ and Mn4+ co‐doped were successfully synthesized and designed to simultaneously apply to temperature sensing and plant growth LED. With temperature varying from 303 to 523 K, the integrated intensity of Mn4+ ions (2Eg → 4A2g) markedly decline swifter comparing to Eu3+ ions (5D0 → 7F2) due to the thermal quenching effect. It implies that Mn4+ is susceptive to the temperature in this work. Eu3+ exhibits high heat resistance, which can be selected as a calibration parameter for the fluorescence intensity ratio temperature sensor. The maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) values of Ca2LnSbO6:1%Eu3+, 0.5%Mn4+ (Ln = La, Y, and Gd) phosphor are estimated as 2.19% K−1 at 443 K, 1.68% K−1 at 503 K, and 1.80% K−1 at 483 K, respectively. They are superior to many recent emerging phosphors. Moreover, upon 365 nm excitation, Ca2LnSbO6:1%Eu, 0.5%Mn (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors display a wide red emission peaking at 696, 680, 677, and 684 nm, respectively. They come from the overlapped of 2Eg–4A2g of Mn4+ and 5D0–7F4 transition of Eu3+. Their full widths at half maximum are 34, 35, 35, and 29 nm, respectively. They are all perfectly overlapping the absorption curves of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and their fabricated red phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode device ulteriorly corroborated the promising applications for plant growth. Markedly, the systematic analysis of their crystal chemistry and site preferentially occupancy is first reported and discussed by the bond valence theory.

Theoretical study on intra-molecule interactions in TKX-50.

To fully and deeply understand the weak interactions in the gaseous structure of the TKX-50 molecule, two conformations I and II of the TKX-50 molecule confirmed in a crystal cell were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) level in the gas state, and the single point energy of the optimized structure was calculated at the M06-2X/ma-TZVPP level. Analyzing methods for weak interactions such as the interaction region indicator (IRI), topological basin analysis, and the extended transition state-natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) theory with the help of Multiwfn code were employed to reveal the corresponding intramolecular weak interactions. The results showed that there were 5 kinds of intramolecular weak interaction in both conformations. They are two types of H bond, two types of intra-ring weak interaction, and one type of O-N bond within the molecular fragment containing the bis-tetrazole ring. The combined effect of all these weak interactions holds the bis-tetrazole ring of TKX-50 retaining an almost coplanar configuration. Meanwhile, the strength of these weak interactions is significantly different in conformation I and conformation II. The most obvious difference is that conformation II has a significant H transfer between intramolecular fragments due to the mirror rotation of almost 180° of cations (NH3OH)+ perpendicular to the N-O bond axis thereof as compared to the reference conformation I. This conformational difference not only makes the weak interaction between the two conformations very different but also forms a quasi-covalent bond in conformation II with much larger bonding energy than other H bonds, thus resulting in conformation II having lower electron energy and more stable geometry. In addition, the order of breaking various H bonds in the combustion decomposition process of TKX-50 is deduced by comparing various H bonds.

Mimicking the C2 molecule: M2B2 and M3B2+ clusters (M = Li, Na) and the reactivity of the N-heterocyclic carbene bound Li2B2 complex.

C2 has attracted considerable attention from the scientific community for its debatable bonding situation. Herein, we show that the global minima of M2B2 and M3B2+ (M = Li, Na) possess similar covalent bonding patterns to C2. Because of strong charge transfer from M2/M3 to B2 dimer, they can be better described as [M2]2+[B2]2- and [M3]3+[B2]2- salt complexes with the B22- core surrounded perpendicularly by two and three M+ atoms, respectively. The energy decomposition analyses in combination with the natural orbital for chemical valence theory give four bonding components in C2, M2B2, and M3B2+ clusters. However, the fourth component does not arise from a bonding interaction but from polarization/hybridization. Considering the effect of Pauli repulsion in σ-space, the attractive covalent interaction in these molecules mainly comes from the two π-bonds. We further presented stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands bound Li2B2(NHC)2 and Li2B2(PPh3)2 complexes. A comparative study of reactivity towards L = CO2, CO, and N2 between Li2B2(NHC)2 and B2(NHC)2 is also performed. L-Li2B2(NHC)2 is highly stable against L dissociation at room temperature for L = CO2 and CO, and the stability is markedly higher than that in L-B2(NHC)2. The larger B2→L π-backdonation in L-Li2B2(NHC)2 also makes L more activated than in L-B2(NHC)2.

A test of the ecological valence theory of color preference, the case of Arabic.

Humans have systematic and reliable color preferences. The dominant account of color preference is that individuals like some colors more than others due to the valence of objects that they associate with colors (Ecological Valence Theory). In support of this theory, Palmer and Schloss show that the average valence of objects associated with a color, when weighted (the WAVE), explains up to 80% of the variation in color preference for adults from the United States (US). Here we investigate whether Ecological Valence Theory can account for the color preferences of female and male adults from Saudi Arabia to test how well the theory generalizes across cultures and how well it accounts for sex differences in color preference. We also extend the investigation of EVT by investigating whether abstract concept associations as well as object associations can account for preference. Saudi adults' color preferences, color object and concept associations, and association valence ratings were collected, and the WAVE was computed and correlated with preference ratings. The WAVE accounted for no more than half of the variance in Saudi color preferences, although there was some degree of sex specificity in the relationship of the WAVE and color preference. Adding abstract concept associations did not account for more variance than object associations alone, but the number of abstract concept associations did account for a significant amount of the variance in color preference for females, but not males. The findings converge with other cross-cultural studies in suggesting that the success of EVT in accounting for color preference varies across cultures and indicates that additional factors other than color associations are likely also at play.

From Sin to Sexual Self-Awareness: Black Women's Reflection on Lifetime Masturbation.

To date, there has been very little empirical research on Black women's masturbation practices and views on masturbation. This study fills the gap by exploring the messages Black women received about masturbation and self-pleasure and the sources of these messages using valence theory. Data were collected in 2021 from 242 Black women who participated in a survey during phase one of the triphasic Big Sex Study. Thematic analysis was used to analyze this short-form qualitative data. Results indicated a range of responses, with mixed messages reported more than negative, positive, and neutral messages. The three primary sources of messages were religion, family, and friends. There were several themes across the valence of messages including the development of positive messages, sexual self-awareness, masturbation as sin, health benefits and consequences, relationship difficulties, devaluation, and masturbation as dirty and gross. These results provide a basis for sexuality professionals to improve sociocultural knowledge about masturbation beliefs, practices, and message sources among Black women.

Effect of V5+ substitution for Ta5+ on the bond valence, structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba3Ta4Ti4O21 ceramics

In this work, a series of V-modified Ba 3 Ta 4 Ti 4 O 21 microwave dielectric ceramics were obtained by a solid-state reaction method. XRD combined with Rietveld refinement confirmed that a single phase can be remained within x value of 0- 0.6, and a secondary phase BaTa 2 O 6 was formed with x increasing further. In the Ba 3 Ta 4-x V x Ti 4 O 21 (0-0.6) system, the V 5+ substitution for Ta 5+ exhibited a significantly reduction in sintering temperature (1350 to 1150 o C), and a slightly change in lattice parameter. Bond valence theory demonstrated that the V 5+ substitution for Ta 5+ resulted a more strength rattling effect for Ti 4+ and Ta 5+ , which might be a key factor for the large deviation between ε r and ε th . Moreover, the intrinsic dielectric properties of Ba 3 Ta 4- x V x Ti 4 O 21 ( x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) ceramics were investigated by infrared reflectivity spectra, indicating that replacing Ta 5+ by V 5+ can reduce the dielectric loss. And the optimum dielectric performances were obtained at x = 0.6 ( ε r ~ 44.4, Q × f = 13,800 GHz, τ f ~ + 60.3 ppm/°C) sintered at 1150 o C for 6 h.

Halal trust during the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of quality, perceived benefit and health risk evidence from mobile food purchasing

PurposeThis study aims to scrutinize the halal trust model by integrating the quality and valence theory in the mobile food purchasing service during the COVID-19 outbreak.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses data from 368 Muslim customers collected via an online survey from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. This study uses partial least square modelling to appraise the formation of halal trust, including halal food quality, mobile apps quality, perceived benefit and health risk as drivers and loyalty as the consequence.FindingsThe data analysis notes that the combination of perceived quality and valence theory provides a comprehensive understanding of halal trust in mobile halal food purchasing during COVID-19. This study also verifies the crucial role of halal food quality and mobile apps quality in gaining halal trust.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used data from Muslim customers of the greater Bandung, Indonesia. The data limited the generalization of this study's findings. Moreover, this study predicted halal trust by integrating perceived benefit, perceived trust and quality as the predictors, whereas other determinants such as commitment and reputation were not included. Therefore, future researchers can incorporate these issues in their future halal trust research.Practical implicationsTo gain Muslim trust, this study recommends managers whose halal food is sold via mobile apps ensure that their halal food has a quality standard, made of, and processed according to Islamic values. Next, having a high-quality mobile app is also a must.Originality/valueThis study is early research that examines the integration of the quality and valence theory to evaluate halal trust in mobile halal food purchasing during COVID-19.

Emotional Experience and the Senses

This paper investigates the nature of emotional experience in relation to the senses, and it defends the thesis that emotional experience is partly non-sensory. In §1 I introduce my reader to the debate. I reconstruct a position I call ‘restrictivism’ and motivate it as part of a reductive approach to mind’s place in nature. Drawing on intuitive but insightful remarks on the nature of sensation from Plato, I map out the conditions under which the restrictivist thesis is both substantive and plausible. I then present two arguments against it. The first argument, which I lay out in §2, draws on recent empirical results in emotion research to show that restrictivism cannot be reconciled with the possibility of knowledge of one’s own emotional state by acquaintance. The second argument, which I present in §3, individuates a claim on which most contemporary theories of emotional valence converge and uses it to demonstrate that restrictivism has a false implication: it must deny that valence is experientially felt.

Rare Earth Ion-Doped Y2.95R0.05MgAl3SiO12 (R = Yb, Y, Dy, Eu, Sm) Garnet-Type Microwave Ceramics for 5G Application

In this work, Y2.95R0.05MgAl3SiO12 (R = Yb, Y, Dy, Eu, Sm) microwave single-phase dielectric ceramics were successfully prepared via a conventional ceramic sintering technology by doping a series of rare earth elements (Yb, Y, Dy, Eu, Sm) with different ionic radii for the first time. The effects of A-sites occupied by rare earth elements on the microwave dielectric properties of Y2.95R0.05MgAl3SiO12 were studied using crystal structure refinement, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), bond valence theory, P-V-L theory, and infrared reflection spectroscopy. It was found that the ionicity of the Y-O bond, the lattice energy, the bond energy, and the bond valance of the Al(Tet)-O bond had important effects on the microwave dielectric properties. Particularly, the optimum microwave dielectric properties, εr = 9.68, Q × f = 68,866 GHz, and τf = −35.8 ppm/°C, were obtained for Y2.95Dy0.05MgAl3SiO12 when sintered at 1575 °C for 6 h, displaying its potential for 5G communication.

Lewis Superacidic Heavy Pnictaalkene Cations: Comparative Assessment of Carbodicarbene-Stibenium and Carbodicarbene-Bismuthenium Ions.

We report a comprehensive assessment of Lewis acidity for a series of carbone-stibenium and -bismuthenium ions using the Gutmann-Beckett (GB) method. These new antimony and bismuth cations have been synthesized by halide abstractions from (CDC)PnBr3 and [(pyCDC)PnBr2][Br] (CDC = carbodicarbene; Pn = Sb or Bi; py = pyridyl). The reaction of (CDC)SbBr3 (1) with one or two equivalents of AgNTf2 (NTf2 = bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) or AgSbF6 gives stibaalkene mono- and dications of the form [(CDC)SbBr3-n][A]n (2-4; n = 1,2; A = NTf2 or SbF6). The stibaalkene trication [(CDC)2Sb][NTf2]3 (5) was also isolated and collectively these molecules fill the gap among the series of cationic pnictaalkenes. The Sb cations are compared to the related CDC-bismaalkene complexes 6-9. With the goal of preparing highly Lewis acidic compounds, a tridentate bis(pyridine)carbodicarbene (pyCDC) was used as a ligand to access [(pyCDC)PnBr2][Br] (10, 12) and trications [(pyCDC)Pn][NTf2]3 (Pn = Sb (11), Bi (13)), forgoing the need for a second CDC as used in the synthesis of 5. The bonding situation in these complexes is elucidated through electron density and energy decomposition analyses in combination with natural orbital for chemical valence theory. In each complex, there exists a CDC-Pn double bonding interaction, consisting of a strong σ-bond and a weaker π-bond, whereby the π-bond gradually strengthens with the increase in cationic charge in the complex. Notably, [(CDC)SbBr][NTf2]2 (4) has an acceptor number (AN) (84) that is comparable to quintessential Lewis acids such as BF3, and tricationic pnictaalkene complexes 11 and 13 exhibit strong Lewis acidity with ANs of 109 (Pn = Sb) and 84 (Pn = Bi), respectively, which are among the highest values reported for any antimony or bismuth cation. Moreover, the calculated fluoride ion affinities (FIAs) for 11 and 13 are 99.8 and 94.3 kcal/mol, respectively, which are larger than that of SbF5 (85.1 kcal/mol), which suggest that these cations are Lewis superacids.

Effects of Diglyme on Au Nanocluster Formation: Mechanism, 1H NMR, and Bonding.

Recently, diglyme was applied as a solvent in the synthesis of a luminescent gold-thiolate nanocluster. However, the interactions between the diglyme and the gold nanocluster and the intrinsic mechanism of the diglyme-assisted nanocluster growth have not been examined. In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) to propose a plausible pathway for diglyme-assisted Au(I)-thiolate synthesis; the reaction energies are found to be negative in every step. 1H NMR calculations are applied to characterize how the environment arising from different gold motifs affects the chemical shifts of the protons on diglyme, which experience strong downfield shifts. Extended transition state-natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) theory is also utilized to examine the interactions between diglyme and gold clusters as well as a Au20(SR)15 nanocluster. Our work demonstrates that diglyme can play an important role in the synthetic mechanism yielding gold nanoclusters and provides insights into the diglyme-nanocluster binding motifs and resulting NMR chemical shifts.

Can environmental responsibility bridge the intention-behavior gap? Conditional process model based on valence theory and the theory of planned behavior

Proper disposal of recyclables is an important way to realize sustainable development. As such, the packaging used to ship parcels has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, there is an absence of research on perceived behavior control as the antecedent variable. There is a need to explore how to more effectively transform behavioral intentions into actual behavior. Based on valence theory and the theory of planned behavior, and using a conditional process model, this study found that perceived behavioral risk and perceived behavioral interest can significantly impact recycling behavior through behavioral intentions to recycle. After boundary conditions are added, “high environmental responsibility” can further bridge the gap between intention and behavior. Perceived behavioral risk is conditionally mediated by environmental responsibility. As a negative antecedent variable, recycling behavior is negatively moderated by “low environmental responsibility”. Compared with perceived behavioral interest, “high environmental responsibility” confers a stronger bridging advantage in the path when perceived behavioral risk is an independent variable. Therefore, the perceived behavioral risk is of relative importance. In addition, as a high-demand behavior, interpersonal facilitation behavior has a greater intention gap than habitual adjustment behavior. This study not only analyzes the two sides of perceived behavior control but also provides theoretical and practical insights from a cognitive perspective to bridge the intention gap.

Lexico-semantic compatibility of words in Kazakh

The article examines the difference between the notions of compatibility and valency and distinguishes the types of combinations in the linguistic system. The aim of the article is to investigate the functions and types of combinations as a linguistic category. The article uses deductive, inductive methods and content analysis methods. The criterion of lexical combination in the linguistic system is analyzed. The potential of the combination of Kazakh words has also been considered. The analysis of the linguistic material has led us to the conclusion that lexical word combinations with an indicative component have an appositive potential. The study of the types of word combinations led to the hypothesis that the valency can be not only structural, stylistic, functional, but also semantic. The valency of words, although extremely important, is not dominant in determining their combinatorics. More important here seems to be their position of compatibility in meaning. The valence properties of the Kazakh language are described; the distinctive features of the manifestation of valence properties are revealed. The results of the analysis of valence properties of Kazakh vocabulary can also be used in the study of the valence theory of general linguistics. When studying the valence properties of a language, the analysis of its lexical semantics and the determination of its belonging to semantic groups characterized by a field structure is at the core.