The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) injection on jejunal l-alanine absorption and gastric acid secretion in the rat was investigated. Continuous intravenous VIP infusion (11.2 ng/kg per min) throughout the experimental period (160 min) produced 60% decrease in alanine absorption and 40% decrease in gastric acid secretion during the second hour of the experiment. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reduced alanine absorption to 91% ( P>0.05) and 71.3% ( P<0.05) of control value during the first and second hours of perfusion, respectively. VIP infusion following vagotomy elicited a reduced effect when compared to that produced by similar injections in normal rats. Gastric secretion in vagotomized rats was reduced by 40% ( P<0.05) below control. VIP infusion in vagotomized rats exerted a significant decrease ( P<0.05) of gastric acid secretion. Moreover, water absorption was decreased by almost 10% ( P<0.05) after i.v. injection of VIP and was increased by 20–24% above control value following vagotomy. However, i.v. administration of VIP following vagotomy did not elicit any further change in water absorption. It can be concluded that VIP inhibits alanine absorption and gastric acid secretion in the rat and that these inhibitory effects might be partially mediated by the vagus nerve.