Vaginal Tumors Research Articles

Clinicopathological evaluation of vaginal leiomyoma and ovarian luteoma in a bitch

A 7-years-old female Golden Retriever dog was presented to the clinic with a multilobular mass protruding from the vulva. On clinical examination, the mass was observed on the circumference of the vaginal canal. The owner reported not noticing a pro-estrous bleeding for a year. On vaginal cytology, parabasal cells, intermediate cells, neutrophil infiltration and clumps of bacteria were determined. Mild anemia, severe leukocytosis and high MPV value were detected. As a treatment, vaginal mass was totally extirpated by partial vaginectomy and subsequently ovariohysterectomy were performed to avoid the re-occurrence of the vaginal tumor. Both vaginal mass and ovariohysterectomy materials were histopatologically examined. Benign tumors were diagnosed which were vaginal leiomyoma and bilateral ovarian luteoma. It was concluded that histopathological analysis of every surgically removed tissue should be performed in order not to miss a tumorous condition even if it does not show any symptoms.

Vaginal yolk sac tumor resected by a novel laparo/endoscope-assisted posterior sagittal approach: a case report

BackgroundYolk sac tumor (YST) is a germ cell tumor that is generally associated with good prognosis in children. It has been recently reported that vaginal YSTs can be cured using chemotherapy alone. Thus, minimal invasiveness and function preservation are pre-requisites for surgical approaches. Herein, we report a case of vaginal YST that was resected in a function-preserving manner using a unique combination of surgical approaches.Case presentationIn a 9-month-old Asian female infant, a vaginal tumor was detected while investigating for vaginal bleeding. The patient was referred to our hospital, and the tumor was diagnosed as a YST after incisional biopsy. Six courses of carboplatin-based chemotherapy were administered. Contrary to the findings in previous reports, the tumor was chemo-resistant and surgical resection was required for the residual tumor. During surgery, we utilized laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures to ensure tumor-free surgical margins at the cervix, rectum, and lateral wall of the vagina. Additionally, the posterior sagittal approach was used to easily resect the tumor, and the vagina was reconstructed leaving only inconspicuous scars in the intergluteal cleft. No complications occurred postoperatively. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed tumor-free surgical margins. The patient received four cycles of intensified chemotherapy before and after the surgery. The patient has been disease-free for 6 months now.ConclusionsOur combination of laparo/endoscopic and posterior sagittal approach ensured a tumor-free macroscopic surgical margin with easier, cosmetically pleasing vaginal reconstruction, while preserving the anorectal and urinary functions. We believe that this approach could be utilized not only for vaginal YST, but also for any vaginal tumor, especially those arising from the posterior or lateral wall.

Surgical disorders in pediatric and adolescent gynecology: Vaginal and uterine anomalies.

Obstructive vaginal and uterine anomalies including imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum, and vaginal and/or cervical atresia or aplasia, might rarely present in infancy or childhood with hydrocolpos and/or hydrometra but they usually go unrecognized until presentation with amenorrhea and hematocolpos and/or hematometra in puberty. They should always be included in the differential diagnosis of a suprapubic and/or introital mass; in the latter case, vaginal vascular malformations and vaginal tumors should also be considered. Uterovaginal aplasia typically manifests with amenorrhea in puberty and needs to be differentiated from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and gonadal dysgenesis of genetic males. Uterine fusion anomalies usually present with fertility and/or obstetrical complications in adulthood. However, a unicornuate uterus with a blind rudimentary contralateral horn containing functioning endometrium, and didelphys or septate uterus with a deviating obstructive septum might present in childhood or puberty with sequelae related with secretions or menstrual retention. This review provides a collective account of the most clinically important information about vaginal and uterine anomalies in childhood and adolescence for clinicians involved in the care of young females with the aim to provide guidance in appropriate evaluation and management.

Vulvovaginal melanoma or vulvar and vaginal melanoma: Can these tumors be considered the same? (009)

<b>Objectives:</b> Vulvovaginal melanoma (VVM) is a rare but aggressive subtype of melanoma. VVM is considered to be less immunogenic and less responsive to immune-oncology therapy (IO) than cutaneous melanomas (CM). Vulvar and vaginal melanomas are typically grouped together due to the rare nature of the disease, though limited data suggest worse outcomes with vaginal melanomas. There is a paucity of data regarding molecular differences between these two melanoma subtypes. Our goal was to explore molecular profiles and survival between vaginal and vulvar melanomas. <b>Methods:</b> Samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) (TruSeq, 45 genes; NextSeq, 592 genes and NovaSeq, WES), IHC, and WTS (NovaSeq) (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). PD-L1 expression was tested by IHC using 28-8 (Agilent) and SP-142 (Spring Biosciences) (positive cut-off ≥1%). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was tested by fragment analysis (FA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and NGS. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by totaling somatic mutations per tumor (TMB-high cut-off ≥10 mutations/MB). Immune cell fraction was calculated by QuantiSeq (Finotello 2019, Genome Medicine). Real-world overall survival (OS) was extracted from insurance claims data and calculated from the time of IO treatment to the last contact using Kaplan-Meier survival curves for molecularly defined cohorts. Statistical significance was determined using Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum test and adjusted for multiple comparisons (q<0.05). <b>Results:</b> A total of 183 VVM were included in this analysis: 137 (74.9%) vulvar and 46 (25.1%) vaginal. Rates of gene mutations between these tumors were similar. Vaginal tumors trended toward increased frequency of <i>ATRX</i> (47.1 vs 23.2%) and <i>TP53</i> (29.0 vs 16.1%) mutations compared to vulvar tumors. Vulvar tumors trended toward higher rates of <i>SF3B1</i> mutations (33.8 vs 4%) as well as more <i>KIT</i> mutations (17.7 vs 8.8%) and amplification (16.7 vs 8.0%). PD-L1 expression was similar in vaginal and vulvar tumors (40 vs 32.7%). MMR deficiency and high TMB were absent in both groups. Vulvar melanoma trended towards increased immune checkpoint gene expression compared to vaginal melanoma, most notably a 2-fold increase in both <i>IFNG</i> and <i>IDO1</i> expression. No difference was seen in immune cell infiltrates. Treatment and survival data were available for 78 vulvar and 40 vaginal melanomas (OS: 34 vs 21 mo). In total, 15% of vulvar patients (<i>n</i>=12) and 18% of vaginal patients (<i>n</i>=7) received IO therapy. Median survival was similar between groups (vulvar 18 mo vs vaginal 19 mo, p=0.9). The survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients receiving IO therapy (<i>n</i>=1047) was roughly twice as long (36.6 mo,p=0.038). <b>Conclusions:</b> This is one of the largest VVM cohorts to be studied to date. Overall, we found that these tumors were very similar in their molecular profiles and immunogenicity. Survival and response to IO therapy appeared similar between vulvar and vaginal melanomas. Our findings support continuing study of VVM as a single entity in light of the rarity of this disease.Fig. 1

Implementation of Image-Guided Brachytherapy for Pediatric Vaginal Cancers: Feasibility and Early Clinical Results.

Simple SummaryBrachytherapy is one of the cornerstones of the treatment of pediatric vaginal tumors in combination with surgery and chemotherapy from a conservative perspective. In this retrospective series, we present our experience with 3D pulsed dose rate brachytherapy for the treatment of children with vaginal tumors. Our results show that this treatment has good compliance and provides an excellent local control rate. The toxicity rate is also favorable, with gynecological toxicities being the most frequent. Given the rarity of these diseases, their management should be entrusted to expert centers.Background: Brachytherapy (BT) has a major role in pediatric cancers of the lower genital tract, as part of a multimodal organ conservative strategy. Scarce data are available on the location of image-guided BT. Methods: Medical records of all consecutive girls treated in our center between 2005 and 2020 for a vaginal tumor with exclusive image-guided PDR-BT were retrospectively examined, with a focus on treatment parameters, patient compliance, and clinical outcome, including analysis of local control, survival and late toxicity rates. Results: Twenty-six patients were identified, with a median age of 25 months. Histological types were rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant germ cell tumor (MGCT) and clear cell adenocarcinoma in 18 (69%), 7 (27%) and 1 (4%) patients, respectively. Ten (33%) patients had prior surgery and 25 (96%) received chemotherapy prior to BT. The median prescribed dose was 60 Gy through pulses of 0.42 Gy. Global compliance was satisfactory, but three (12%) patients required replanning because of applicator displacement. After a median follow-up of 47.5 months, one patient with MGCT referred for salvage treatment of a local recurrence had a local and metastatic relapse. The local control rate probability was 96% at the last follow-up. Late toxicity rates ≥ grade 2 and ≥ grade 3 were reported in 23% and 11%, respectively, with gynecological toxicities being the most frequent side effect. Two patients required dilatation for vaginal stenosis. Conclusions: PDR-BT allowed similar local control compared to the historical low-dose rate technique. An indirect comparison suggests fewer treatment-related toxicities by integrating image guidance and optimization capabilities, but longer follow-up is necessary. Due to the rarity of the disease and the technical aspects of BT in these very young patients, referral to specialized high-volume centers is recommended.

Vaginal Tumors in the Pediatric Age Group: The Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE)-57357 Experience

Vaginal Tumors in the Pediatric Age Group: The Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE)-57357 Experience

In-depth analysis of cervical cancer burden among gynecological malignancies at a tertiary cancer hospital, Hyderabad

Gynecologic malignancies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the most recent worldwide patterns and temporal changes in cervical cancer burden could help to prevent and control the disease. The goal of this retrospective study was to estimate the prevalence of cervical cancer among gynecological malignancies diagnosed at the Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital &amp; Research Institute (BIACH&amp;RI) Hyderabad, Telangana, India, between January 2017 and December 2021. This study received permission from the BIACH&amp;RI's ethical committee. The information was manually obtained from clinical records based on each patient's MR numbers and the results were analyzed using a statistical package available from IBM SPSS version 26. During the study period of 5 years, a total of 94133 cases of various cancers were documented at BIACH&amp;RI, among which 5524 were gynecological malignancies. The cervix was the most common site with 56%, followed by the ovary (26%) and endometrial (11.5%). Vulva and vaginal tumors were less frequent. According to this study cervical cancers occurred between 20-90 years with 61 percent of cases occurring in women aged 41 to 60.

088 Mullerian anomaly as incidental finding in a neonate with vaginal bleeding

Objective: Overt vaginal bleeding in newborns occurs in up to 11% of patients secondary to effects of hormone exposure present in utero [ [1] Söderström H.F. Carlsson A. Börjesson A. Elfving M. Vaginal bleeding in prepubertal girls: etiology and clinical management. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016; 29: 280-285 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar ]. Designated as “mini menses”, presentation includes blood-tinged vaginal discharge in the first ten days of life. While “mini-menses” are physiologic, heavier or persistent bleeding has been described in underlying vascular and vaginal anomalies, as well as rare tumors [ 2 Handel L.N. Scott S.M. Giller R.H. Greffe B.S. Lovell M.A. Koyle M.A. New perspectives on therapy for vaginal endodermal sinus tumors. J Urol. 2002; 168: 687-690 Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar , 3 Melcer Y. Smorgick N. Fuchs N. Vaknin Z. Lotan G. Pansky M. Vaginal müllerian cyst: an unusual cause of vaginal bleeding in a 16-month-old girl. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2014; 27: e21-e22 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar , 4 Ganti A.K. Ray J. Mooney K.L. Zambrano E. Hillard P.J. Fok W. Unusual cause of pediatric vaginal bleeding: infantile capillary hemangioma of the cervix. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2019; 32: 80-82 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar ]. To our knowledge, there are no reported cases of neonatal vaginal bleeding associated with uterus didelphys. We present a case of a neonate with atypical vaginal bleeding who was found to have a congenital uterine anomaly (CUA).

Management of Vulvovaginal Cellular Angiofibroma: A Single-Center Experience.

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of cellular angiofibroma in females.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study in patients with vulvovaginal cellular angiofibroma treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between August 2012 and October 2021.ResultsEight patients were included in our study, with 7 cases of vulvar tumors and 1 case of vaginal stump tumors. The median age at diagnosis was 47.5 years (range, 38–83 years). The tumors were found incidentally in two patients (2/8, 25.00%) without specific history before diagnosis surgery. Of the other six patients, the median history from onset of the mass to diagnosis was 5.5 years (range, 3–14 years). Complete excision was performed in all 8 patients. According to histopathologic examination, the median tumor size was 3.4 cm (range, 1.7–11 cm). As the tumor size increased, both the operation time and postoperative length of stay increased. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist was used in one case to minimize the size of the tumor, obtaining satisfactory results. Up to the last follow-up, no evidence of relapse was found in all 8 patients.ConclusionsFor vulvovaginal cellular angiofibroma, the mainstay of treatment remains surgical resection without residual tumor if possible; inadvertent urinary system injury and rectum injury should be avoided to the utmost; and enough attention should be paid to hemostasis to avoid hematoma after surgery. Before surgery, hormone receptor modulators may be considered to minimize the size of the tumor to reduce the surgery-associated risk.

SP-0006 Improving radiotherapy outcomes for vaginal tumours using a joint target concept

SP-0006 Improving radiotherapy outcomes for vaginal tumours using a joint target concept

Determination of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor in canine vaginal tumors and vaginal fold prolapse: A preliminary study

Eight dogs with a vaginal mass were incorporated into the study. According to the vaginal examination (vaginoscopy, exfoliative vaginal cytology) and histopathology, the groups were designed as vaginal fold prolapse (Group VFP; n=3) and vaginal tumor (Group VT; n=5). Vaginal tissue samples were homogenized. Tissue homogenates were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The mean ER level was significantly higher in group VT compared to the group VFP (P&amp;lt;0.05). However, PR and EGFR levels did not showed significance related to the groups (P&amp;gt;0.05). In conclusion, significant differences were obtained between the bitches with VT and VFP related to ER levels although both groups have pathological conditions. Further studies are needed to discuss these pathologies with healthy bitches in terms of steroid receptor and EGFR levels in both vaginal tissue and blood sera.

CASE REPORT: VAGINAL LEIOMYOMA

Leiomyoma are benign, monoclonal tumors of the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium and contain large aggregations of extracellular matrix composed of collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and proteoglycan. [1] They are the most common benign tumors in females and are most frequently seen in uterus. Vaginal leiomyomas are very rare and often confused with a variety of vaginal tumors. Since the first detected case back in 1733 by Denys de Leyden approximately 300 cases have been reported in the literature so far. [2] They may present with varied symptoms depending on site, size and vascularity including lower abdominal pain, low back pain, vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia and urinary symptoms like frequency, dysuria or other features of urinary obstruction. Here we discuss a case of a 35 year old female who presented to us with complains consistent with prolapse and was provisionally diagnosed as paraurethral vaginal mass which turned out to be vaginal fibroid.

Vaginal tumours in childhood: a descriptive analysis from a large paediatric medical centre.

Malignant tumours of the vagina are very rare in children. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of vaginal tumours in children treated in a single institution. This study retrospectively analysed the clinical data of children diagnosed with vaginal malignant tumours who were admitted to the Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2007 to December 2020 and followed these patients to observe their prognoses and outcomes. During 13years, a total of 33 children were included in this study, including 13 children with rhabdomyosarcoma and 20 children with endodermal sinus tumours. The average age at diagnosis was 20.4months. The main clinical manifestations were vaginal bleeding and protruding masses. Of the 13 children with vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma, 12 were treated with multidrug chemotherapy combined with conservative tumour resection, and their tumours completely resolved; only one child underwent vaginectomy and hysterectomy. Twenty children with vaginal endodermal sinus received PEB chemotherapy. Among these patients, the tumour disappeared after chemotherapy in 12 children, and the remaining nodular tumour foci in 8 children were confirmed to be necrotic tissue by pathology. Our research confirms that chemotherapy combined with conservative surgical treatment is effective for treating children with vaginal malignancies.

Characteristics and survival of primary vaginal malignancy: an analysis of the German nationwide cancer registry data.

Vaginal neoplasms are rare. To study the survival of patients depending on tumour characteristics and age, the data from the national cancer registries in Germany were analysed. In a retrospective analysis, data from 2006 to 2015 on disease stage, survival, and factors that might affect prognosis were analysed. Altogether, out of 4004 datasets, 2194 were deemed adequate to be included in the analysis. Overall survival at 5years (5YSR) and relative survival (5RSR) were 48.6% (95%CI 45.4-52.1%) and 58.7% (95%CI 55.3-61.2%) for carcinomas, but significantly worse at 20.2% (95%CI 8.3-32.0%) and 24.2% (95%CI 16.4-32.0%) for melanomas and 38.3% (95%CI 23.3-53.5%) and 44.4% (95%CI 31.5-56.8%) for sarcomas. 5YSR and 5RSR correlated significantly with FIGO stages (5YSR: 66.9-10.1%; 5RSR: 81.7-11.9%, p=0.04). Furthermore, survival depended on the absence of LN metastases (5RSR: 59.1% vs. 38.0%, p<0.001), and the tumour grading had an influence (5RSR: 83.7-52.1%). We also noted that prognosis was worse for older patients ≥75years (5RSR:51.2%) than for patients <55years (62.2%) and 55-74years of age (61.6%). Unless LN metastases, local advanced tumours and G3 grading are associated with a worse prognosis. Relative survival of older patients decreases, perhaps indicating that treatment compromises have been made.

Vaginal leiomyoma mimicking a Cystocele (report case).

Introduction and importanceLeiomyoma, known as a disease of the uterus, composed of spindle-shaped smooth muscle fibers and collagenous stroma, is rarely encountered in other sites especially in the vagina.Case presentationWe report, here, an exceptional case of a vaginal leiomyoma situated in the anterior vaginal wall suggesting in the first place a cystocele. The MRI objectified a rounded formation of the anterior wall of the vagina with regular contours highly suggestive of a vaginal leimyoma. The tumor was surgically removed by the vaginal route. The histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of vaginal leiomyoma.Clinical discussionVaginal leiomyomas are commonly seen in women between the ages of 35 and 50 and are believed to be more common in Caucasian women. Although a rare tumor, vaginal leiomyomas may present with a variety of clinical features and may be mistaken preoperatively for a cystocele, urethrocele, Skene's duct abscess, Gartner's duct cysts, urethral diverticulum, vaginal cysts, cysts Bartholin's gland or a malignant vaginal tumor. The diagnosis is based on careful examination and preoperative imaging (ultrasonography and MRI). Removal of the tumor by vaginal route, wherever possible, with subsequent histopathological examination appears to be the optimum management plan. Although the lesion is benign, local recurrences following incomplete resection and sarcomatous changes have been reported.ConclusionVaginal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor. The diagnosis is often made only postoperatively after resection of the mass. The tumors may be found in any location within the vagina but are most commonly located on an anterior wall. Imaging can confirm the vaginal origin of the lesion. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The diagnosis is based on the histological study of the tumor.

Pelvic organ prolapse and vaginal cancer: A systematic literature review.

Primary vaginal cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy. Few cases describing the concurrence of a vaginal tumor with advanced genital prolapse are reported in the literature and there is no consensus on optimal treatment. To investigate available evidence on presentation, treatment, and outcomes of these concurrent conditions. We performed a systematic search of literature indexed on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane using a combination of keywords and text words represented by "pelvic organ prolapse", "genital prolapse", and "vaginal cancer", "vaginal carcinoma". No article type restrictions were applied. Twenty-one studies (case reports and two small case series) were incorporated into the review process, for a total of 27 patients. Management usually involved surgery or primary external beam radiation therapy. External beam radiation therapy was reported to be highly associated with the development of vesicovaginal fistula. A surgical approach was the treatment of choice in most cases. Exclusive interstitial brachytherapy was rarely performed. A multidisciplinary approach considering risks and benefits is of the utmost importance to provide counseling and tailor treatment strategy in these complex cases.

Malignant mesenchymal vaginal tumor mimicking pedunculated submucous myoma: A case report

IntroductionVaginal mesenchymal cancer is one of the rarest cases, covering only 3% of all cases of vaginal malignancies. While risk factors are not heavily studied, genetic disorders and hereditary diseases have been stated to be responsible for the increasing incidence of vaginal mesenchymal carcinoma. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma could be done through anamnesis to find abnormal uterine discharge and pelvic pain and physical examination to find a protruding mass on the vagina, which then should be confirmed through a series of radiologic examinations and histopathological examinations. Due to its rarity, each case should be properly evaluated for its clinical manifestation, diagnostic results, and outcome of the treatment.Case presentationA 46-year-old woman came in with vaginal discharge and a protruding mass from the vagina without bleeding or urinary or defecation difficulties, which was suspected to be pedunculated submucous myoma. Based on pelvic USG and MRI, the mass was suspected to have originated from the vagina. Histopathology examinations from biopsy showed a possible mesenchymal malignant type. The patient then underwent total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and partial vaginectomy. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma in the patient.Discussion and conclusionThe patient was diagnosed with a vaginal malignant mesenchymal tumor stage II intraoperatively and underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Leiomyosarcoma is not commonly diagnosed preoperatively, hence implying the importance of radiologic examination to do an early diagnosis prior to the histopathological analysis. Due to the rarity of vaginal mesenchymal malignancy, further studies are needed to increase understanding of this case.

CHARACTERISATION AND SPECIFIC MARKERS EXPRESSION OF SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA: CASE REPORTS FOR THE DOG AT THE HO CHI MINH CITY VETERINARY CLINIC

Treatment failure in removing canine soft tissue tumors, a locally invasive mesenchymal neoplasm, may occur in between 7 and 75 percent of patients, with recurrence consistently associated with lower overall survival for the dog. This study was to classify the tumor examine the occurrence of cancers in dogs reported at the Ho Chi Minh Veterinary Clinic by integrating blood physiological and histopathological of patient samples. In this study, the percentage of tissue sarcoma in the dog was 1.5%. Histopathological analysis characteristics of the ear lobe tumors displayed a strong proliferation of rhabdoid cells, presence of leukocytes infiltrating around blood vessels, and vaginal tumors showed normal tumor cell density with a strong collagen fibers formation in fibroblast cells and no strong proliferation and ferocity of cells. In particular, immuno-histopathological analysis of biopsies sample from breast tumor showed an overexpressing of vimentin marker (68.1%) in cells which indicated status of malignant metastasis. The metastatic tumor cells in breast tumor might cause the change in blood biochemical parameters together with sepsis, thus the dog was not eligible for surgery. In general, histological examination and expression levels of markers can help determine the malignant status of tumors in dogs and should be included medical examination to limit local recurrence following surgical resection.

Histopathological Study of Carcinoma Cervix through Reviewing of Female Genital Tract Cancer Cases of Pathology Archive, Benghazi University from (2002-2011)

Female genital tract (FGT) is the most common site for tumors in females. The most common type of (FGT) cancers is cervical, ovarian and endometrial carcinoma. There are other less common tumor's including tumors of the vagina, vulva and fallopian tubes. Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. To determine the frequency of (FGT) malignancy found at the pathology archive of the Pathology Department at the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Benghazi between the years 2002-2011. Also to define the proportion of cervix cancer cases as compared with other (FGT) that were recorded in the archive. Moreover, to study the histopathological type of cervical cancer, the age groups and at which grades of differentiation are mostly determined. Retrospective histopathological analysis of (FGT) 330 cancer cases diagnosed between (2002-2011). During the reviewing of (FGT) cancer cases of pathology archive all cases of cervical cancer between 2002-2011 were collected and all formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of the patients with cervical cancer in that period were collected, and processed to stained slides. In an analysis of 330 FGT cancer cases registered in the pathology archive. (52%) were carcinoma of the endometrium and this was the commonest. This was followed by the carcinoma of the cervix (30.9%), ovarian tumors (13%), vaginal tumors (2%), fallopian tumors and vulva tumors (1%). The most common type of carcinoma cervix was squamous cell carcinoma (62%), adenocarcinoma was (31%) and the least common type was adenosquamous carcinoma (7%). The mean age of patients was 54.67 years. Most cases presented at the postmenopausal period (62.5%). Most cases were poorly differentiated (47.1%), followed by moderately differentiated (33.3%) and well-differentiated (17.6%).

Primary vaginal yolk sac tumor in a girl. Case report

Primary vaginal yolk sac tumor in a girl. Case report