Vadodara City Research Articles

Prevalence and determinants of obesity and overweight among college students of Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

Background: Early adulthood obesity itself is a predictor of adult obesity and of higher than expected adult morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence and determinants of obesity in college students of Vadodara and Patan city of Gujarat, India.Methods: The present cross sectional study was undertaken during April 2017 to March 2018 in randomly selected 5 Colleges of Vadodara city and Patan City of Gujarat. Total 1330 students between the age group of 18 to 23 years were examined and BMI were calculated. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were determined based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Various determinants of obesity and overweight were studied by interviewing students. Thus collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial version).Results: Out of 1330 students, males were 49.6% Prevalence of obesity and overweight was 6.1% and 11.0% respectively. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was higher amongst less active group (6.5% and 13.4% respectively). Prevalence of obesity and overweight was significantly higher in the group of students who spent >2 hours daily in front of television or computers. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was significantly higher amongst group of students who took daily calories above recommended dietary allowance (21.5% and 22.8% respectively). The prevalence of obesity and overweight was significantly higher who took junk food (9.3% and 14.8% respectively).Conclusions: High prevalence of obesity and overweight in college students indicate an urgent need to increase awareness via education and motivation of all stakeholders.

Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

Background: Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Critical development occurs during adolescence period. Growth spurt and increase in physical activity during adolescent period increases the nutrition and health needs of the adolescent. Objective was to study prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods: The study was carried during period from September 2018 to August 2019. After taking the permission of principals of 3 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 511 adolescents from 3 schools of Vadodara city were examined for signs of various nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version).Results: Out of total 511 adolescents 253(49.5%) were female. Mean age of the study adolescents was 15.6±1.81 years. Maximum numbers of the adolescents were in the age group of 10-14 years (60.3%). Mean age of female and male adolescents was 15.2±1.71 years and 15.6±2.01 years respectively. The study revealed that vitamin A deficiency was present in 38(7.4%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 112(21.9%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 43(8.4%) adolescents. Protein Energy Malnutrition was observed in 52(10.1%) adolescents. Essential fatty acid deficiency was observed in 56(10.9%) adolescents.Conclusions: High prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.

Impact of educational intervention regarding anaemia and its preventive measures among adolescent girls of Government Arts College of Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Background: The nutritional and the health needs of the adolescents more because of the growth spurt and the increase in physical activity. So, they are at high risk for anaemia and malnutrition. Objective was to assess knowledge of adolescent girls regarding anaemia and its preventive measures before and after educational interventional training.Methods: The present study was an interventional study undertaken in purposively selected Government Arts college of Vadodara city during June to September 2019. Total 100 adolescent girls between the age group of 17-19 were included after written informed consent. Baseline knowledge of adolescent girls regarding anaemia and its preventive measures was assessed by pre-designed, pre-tested and semi structured questionnaire. Single educational interventional training for 45 minutes was given to selected adolescent girls. Post-intervention knowledge of students for the same was assessed after training. Thus, collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial Version).Results: Baseline knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding causes, signs and symptoms of anemia and dietary sources of iron was 23%, 40% and 25% respectively which was significantly increased to 66%, 72% and 55% respectively after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding factors which inhibit and increase iron absorption was 4% and 30% respectively which was significantly increased to 41% and 79 % respectively after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding treatment of anaemia was 21% which was significantly increased to 64 % after the intervention.Conclusions: Single educational session significantly improve the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding anaemia and its preventive measures.

Gendered Boundaries, Cultured Lives: The Underexplored Dimensions of Duty (Kartavya) in the Indian Family Context

The article highlights gender-specific elements in the notions of duty ( kartavya) in the Indian familial context. Using a hypothetical dilemma about gender roles and employment, in depth interviews were conducted with 120 respondents comprising young adults and their parents from the Maharashtrian community of Vadodara city, Gujarat, India. A majority of respondents, men as well as women, could recognize the unfairness (towards women) in the scenario but did not accord it enough importance because doing so could result in negative consequences (like family disharmony or social isolation) for the self as well as the family. Classifying the justifications under the Big Three Ethics of Autonomy, Community and Divinity (Jensen, 1996, Coding manual: Ethics of autonomy, community and divinity, Unpublished Manuscript) showed maximum use of the ethic of community, closely followed by autonomy. There was negligible use of the ethic of divinity. Indicating cultural continuity amidst social change, younger respondents and older women showed flexible mentalities about gender roles and corresponding responsibilities as compared to those of older men. At the interface of gender and culture, the article highlights complexities, which shape ideas of autonomy and fairness in the Indian context.

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Dental Home among Pediatric Residents in Vadodara City, Gujarat, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Dental Home among Pediatric Residents in Vadodara City, Gujarat, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Car following model for urban signalised intersection to estimate speed based vehicle exhaust emissions

Transportation sector is the major contributor to air pollution through vehicle exhaust emissions caused by rapid growth of urbanization in India. It is essential to estimate vehicle exhaust emissions precisely to implement effective control strategy beneficial for pollution reduction. Traffic simulation is a useful approach for analyzing dynamic traffic conditions associated with heterogeneity. VISSIM is a microscopic traffic simulation tool widely used to model real traffic conditions and to estimate speed based vehicle emissions. VISSIM model follows the car following model for simulating driving behavior parameters of an individual vehicle class. VISSIM's add on module EnViVer is used for estimating emissions through microscopic approach. This paper presents traffic simulation and emission modelling approach for a signalised intersection of Vadodara city in India. Traffic volume and speed profile of test vehicles have been collected for the selected route of the city. Calibration and Validation of model are achieved through standard performance measures. To observe the effect of vehicle compositions and signal green interval time on emissions, different models have been generated and their respective emissions are estimated. The result indicates that by changing vehicle composition and signal green interval time, emissions reduce significantly as 25.54% CO2, 6.69% NOx and 25.59% PM10.

A study to assess the effectivenss of Structured teaching programme on knowledge of under five children in piparia at vadodara city.

A study to assess the effectivenss of Structured teaching programme on knowledge of under five children in piparia at vadodara city.

THE EFFECT OF CONSUMER ATTITUDE ON PURCHASING INTENTION FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTS

This research paper examines the effect of consumer attitude on purchasing intention towards organic or eco-friendly paints. Attitude was measured through tri-component model of attitude formation. Data was collected from 300 respondents in the city of Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Respondents were administered a structured questionnaire containing statements measuring attitude in terms of cognitive, affective and conative factors. Responses were collected in the form of a five point likert scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”. Consumer attitude and purchasing intention was found to be moderately favorable. The research highlighted the fact that consumers are not aware about the availability of such a product in the market. This is an important finding from the view point of marketing research.

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men having sex with men of urban Vadodara

Background: Men having sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk of getting STIs, including HIV. Their role as bridge population is also very important in the spread of HIV. This study was done with the objective to study the demographic and behavioural factors of MSM and to measure the prevalence of STI among MSM using laboratory facilities of regional RTI/STI centre.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at a targeted intervention (TI) site of Vadodara city. Sixty-eight MSM were enrolled, counselled regarding HIV and other STI testing followed by an interview using a pretested semi-structured study instrument for the information regarding socio-demographic status, sexual behaviour, present and past history of STI and health seeking behaviour. Following that, clinical examination for presence of any signs of STI and sample collection [oro-pharyngeal, urethral and anorectal swab] was done in an examination room and blood samples were collected. The samples were tested for various STIs at Regional RTI/STI centre.Results: Thirty-seven percent of MSM were bisexual. 37% MSM were not using condom consistently with ‘unavailability at all the time’ being the main reason. Six out of 68 MSM found positive of STI. Prevalence was maximum for Chlamydia infection followed by HSV2, HBsAg.Conclusions: Prevalence of STI was 8.82% among MSM of Vadodara city.

The Current Status of Sexually Transmitted Infections/Reproductive Tract Infections in Vadodara City: Health-care Provider Perspective.

Background:Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are a major public health problem worldwide, affecting the quality of life and causing serious morbidity and mortality. STIs/RTIs have a direct impact on reproductive and child health through infertility, cancers and pregnancy complications, and they have an indirect impact through their role in facilitating the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.Objectives:(1) To estimate the number/proportion of cases of STI/RTI being treated by health-care providers. (2) To document investigations being prescribed for diagnosis. (3) To document treatment protocols being used by health-care providers for STI/RTI management.Methodology:This was cross-sectional study conducted in Vadodara city. A total of 118 health-care providers were interviewed by using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire regarding the current status of STIs/RTIs, proportion of STIs/RTIs patients, investigation and managements.Results:Proportion of STI/RTI patients out of all outpatient department patients ranges from 1.03% for general practitioners (GPs), 2.86% for skin and venereal disease (VD), and 15% for obstetricians and gynecologists consultants. Use of investigation for the diagnosis of STI/RTI is minimal among obstetricians and gynecologists specialists (29.41%) and GPs (54.55%). Use of guidelines for the management of STI/RTI is not equal across consultants. Guidelines were followed by 67.50% of skin and VD consultants, 32.35% of obstetricians and gynecologists consultants, and 18.18% of GPs.Conclusion:There is considerable variation in treatment-seeking and the use of standardized treatment protocols for the management of STI/RTI by the government as well as private providers.

Caregiver's Sense of Coherence: A Predictor of Oral Health-Related Behaviors of Autistic Children in India.

Context:Sense of coherence (SOC) is hypothesized to be an important psychological factor that enables people to cope with stressors and successfully maintain and improve health.Aim:This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between oral health-related behaviors of autistic children and SOC of their caregivers.Settings and Design:An Exploratory cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the association of oral health-related behaviors of autistic children and their primary caregiver's sense of coherence in Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods and Results:A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 58 autistic children and their caregivers. The Gujarati version of Antonovsky's SOC scale (13 items) was employed to assess the caregiver's SOC. The outcome variables were the child's oral health-related behaviors, including frequency of sugary snack intake, toothbrushing frequency, and utilization of dental service.Statistical Analysis Used:Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the variables.Results:Autistic children whose mothers (as caregivers) had higher SOC scores had a lower frequency of sugary snack intake and greater utilization of dental services compared with the children whose mothers had lower SOC scores. The other measures of oral health-related behaviors of the child were not significantly associated with the caregiver's SOC.Conclusion:Oral health-related behaviors of autistic children, namely sugary snack intake frequency, toothbrushing frequency, and utilization of dental services, were associated with the SOC of their mothers.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding molar-incisor hypomineralization among postgraduates and faculty members of K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Context: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect existing in the form of demarcated and opaque lesions and in severe cases with posteruptive enamel breakdown. There is a lack of knowledge, learning, and practice on MIH in pediatric dentistry. Aims: This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practice on MIH among postgraduates and faculty members of K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Settings and Design: A questionnaire-based study was conducted among the dental staff and postgraduate students of K.M. Shah Dental College. Subjects and Methods: The questionnaire was hand-delivered to all 142 participants, and they were asked to fill it within 5 working days. The questionnaire included demographic information, prevalence, incidence, and severity of MIH in Vadodara City. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The data were found to be normal by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Intergroup comparison was done using the Chi-square test for proportions and percentages (qualitative data). Results: 43.3% of the respondents could not implement the clinical criteria to diagnose MIH, 92.5% of the respondents recommended to include MIH-associated case studies in the curriculum, 95% of the respondents recommended to conduct awareness programs, and 40.5% of the respondents indicated a lack of knowledge as a barrier for performing MIH management. Conclusions: There is a need for dentists to attend continuing dental education programs and various awareness programs on MIH and to introduce in-depth information on MIH-etiology and its treatment into the dental curriculum.

Brake Energy Regeneration Potential and Proposed Energy Recovery Strategy for School Van Conveyance in Vadodara City

Brake Energy Regeneration Potential and Proposed Energy Recovery Strategy for School Van Conveyance in Vadodara City

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding standardized treatment protocol for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition among general dental practitioners of Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Dental caries is the most prevailing disease not only affecting permanent dentition, but also involving deciduous dentition. Deciduous teeth are considered a best space maintainer and preserve arch integrity for eruption of succedaneous permanent teeth. General dental practitioners (GDPs) seem to be less interventionist in their investigation and treatment planning and many times, the treatment done remains incomplete either due to the lack of knowledge of the dentist or due to noncooperation of the child and/or parents. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among GDPs of Vadodara city regarding standardized treatment protocol (STP) for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition. This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding standardized treatment options available for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition. The distribution of the self-made questionnaire pro forma was done in person to all the GDPs after obtaining their prior appointments. The GDPs were grouped on the basis of qualification and total clinical experience in years. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions. The data were collected, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The Chi-square test was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among different groups of GDPs. A statistically significant difference was observed in knowledge regarding STP for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition among both the groups, which is based on the qualification and on the year of clinical experience. Qualification and years of clinical practice among GDPs affect the knowledge and treatment regarding pulp therapy in deciduous dentition. Most of the GDPs lack knowledge about the STP for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition.

A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Malnutrition & its Association with Dental Caries among Pre-schoolers at Selected Anganwadies of Vadodara City

A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Malnutrition & its Association with Dental Caries among Pre-schoolers at Selected Anganwadies of Vadodara City

Ambient Air Quality Assessment for Vadodara City using AQI and Exceedence Factor

Urban air quality is a problem of foremost concern in many small and big cities in developing countries, including India. Increasing levels of particulates, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are accountable for non-compliance of national ambient air quality standards. In order to assess the impact of urban air pollution, 20 sampling locations were selected for Vadodara city and ambient air quality was monitored twice a week from October 2017 to February 2018. Using the measured values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, HCs, and CO, Air Quality Index has been calculated. The NOX and SO2levels are found to be complying with the NAAQ standards during the entire study period. The suspended and respirable particulates are found to be non-complying the standard limits for residential and industrial areas. The computed AQI reveal values in the range of 49-130, which indicate the presence of moderately polluted to significant pollution levels. The computed values of Exceedence factors reveal that suspended and respirable particulates are substantially responsible for causing air pollution.

Morphological and molecular evidence for the occurrence of Itajahya galericulata (Basidiomycota, Phallales) in India

AbstractItajahya galericulata (Phallales, Phallaceae) was previously reported from several countries in South America and Africa. Recently we found I. galericulata in the city of Vadodara, Gujarat State, India. To verify its identity we studied its morphology and performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using nuclear rDNA LSU and mitochondrial ATP6 loci. Here we also provide nuclear rDNA ITS sequences for the Indian collection, since up to now no sequences of this region have been available for I. galericulata in GenBank. This study furnishes the first evidence for the occurrence of I. galericulata in India and in Asia as a whole.

Understanding transition in animal based food consumption: a case study in the city of Vadodara in Gujarat (India)

India is experiencing a modernisation process characterised by rapid urbanisation and the emergence of a new middle class. This process is expected to lead to a change in lifestyles and dietary patterns, and notably higher consumption of animal based foods. The present article focuses on this changing dietary trend in the city of Vadodara in Gujarat (India). A stratified sample of 432 women and men was selected, representing Brahmin, non-Brahmin and Jain communities from high, medium and low socioeconomic strata. The results revealed that, in the transition process, the supposed protein shift from plant- to animal based foods takes specific forms in this cultural context because of more complex drivers that shape food consumption than the socioeconomic position in the society. It highlights that beyond the supra-determination of castes and socioeconomic classes, major drivers of this consumption are the norms and values attached to foods and their interrelations with eating practices according to spatiotemporal and social dimensions. This Indian case reveals that dietary change is not unidirectional towards the Western model but each culture has a unique form of transition.

Driving cycle analysis to identify intersection influence zone for urban intersections under heterogeneous traffic condition

A driving cycle is a speed-time profile which forms the basis of measurements of vehicle performance and characteristics. Vehicle performance varies in different conditions of temperature, altitude, road geometry and traffic. Driving cycle can be analysed for improving vehicle fuel utilisation and reducing emission level by changing driving patterns. It achieves through traffic engineering and management including road alterations and traffic signal control. At intersections, acceleration and deceleration activities of vehicles occur at high frequency. Driving through an intersection evokes stopping or slowing of vehicles, which results sharp acceleration and promotes high emissions. The methodology adopted in present study is to analyse driving cycle characteristics for five intersections of Vadodara city. Driving cycle profile has been collected to identify the intersection influence zone. Intersection influence zone is the location from which the vehicle forcefully involves under the activity of deceleration, stop and acceleration. It doesn’t have choice to move at desire speed, so it is the zone of high pollution, which needs implementation of control strategies to minimise the emissions.

Investigating the Relationship between Visual Merchandising and Impulse Buying of Apparel Products by Selected Retail Shoppers in Vadodara City of Gujarat

Investigating the Relationship between Visual Merchandising and Impulse Buying of Apparel Products by Selected Retail Shoppers in Vadodara City of Gujarat