Vaccine In Young Adults Research Articles

Sex differences in the humoral antibody response to live measles vaccine in young adults.

Following vaccination of children using high-titre live measles vaccine, excess non-specific mortality was reported, particularly among females. Since vaccination with live measles virus results in a temporary depression of the immune response to other antigens, the female predominance in subsequent non-measles mortality may be due to sex differences in response to live measles vaccines. In this study, the immunogenicity of standard titre live Schwarz strain measles vaccine was examined 2 and 4 weeks post-vaccination in 223 males and 66 female aged 18-20 years in Israel in 1991. Females had higher post-vaccination geometric mean titre (GMT) at all levels of pre-vaccination titres at both 2 and 4 weeks. Furthermore, after controlling for differences in pre-vaccination titres, overall the post-vaccination GMT for females was about 50% higher than for males (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that females exhibit a stronger humoral immune response to measles vaccine. Possible sex differences in immunosuppression following measles vaccination should be explored.

Mumps vaccination of young adults is unwarranted

A clinical and epidemiological study of mumps was carried out over a 18-month period and included 104 soldiers (61% of the reported cases in the Israel Defence Forces). The average number of days off work was 12.9 +/- 9.2 days. The most common complication was orchitis (19/72 men; 26%), followed by 3 cases of pancreatitis (3%) and 2 cases of meningitis (2%). 13 men with orchitis were tested, and all had normal spermograms. No long term important sequelae were described. The transmission rate was low with no respondent reporting more than one secondary case among soldiers serving in the same unit. The socio-economic level of mumps patients was comparable to that of the general army population at the time of the study. Our data do not support a mass immunization program of the adult population.

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Young Adults and Older Bronchitics: Determination of IgG Responses by ELISA and the Effect of Adsorption of Serum with Non-Type-Specific Cell Wall Polysaccharide

Available pneumococcal vaccines provide only limited protection for certain at-risk populations. Fifteen healthy young adults and 11 older chronic bronchitics received 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. ELISA showed that IgG reactive with capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 4, 8, 14, and 19F increased after vaccination. Bronchitics exhibited lesser responses for four of these serotypes, although differences between the groups were significant only for serotype 3. Adsorption of postvaccination sera with pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide significantly reduced mean antibody levels in both groups and lowered the proportion of sera that demonstrated type-specific antibody responses. Reactive IgG was largely restricted to the IgG2 subclass. Pneumococcal vaccine may provide suboptimal protection of older adults because antibody responses to some capsular polysaccharides are lower in elderly bronchitics than in healthy young adults. A substantial proportion of measured antibody reflects IgG reactive with cell wall polysaccharides rather than with type-specific, capsular constituents, suggesting that antibody responses in subjects of all ages deserve reappraisal.

BCG Vaccination of Young Adults in England and Wales

BCG Vaccination of Young Adults in England and Wales

Reactogenicity and serological response to polyvalent aqueous and al (OH)3 adsorbed tween-ether split product influenza vaccine in young adults 1979

A comparative clinical trial with an aluminium hydroxide absorbed polyvalent tween-ether split influenza vaccine and a tween-ether split fluid vaccine of equal antigenic content was performed in young adults in 1979. Two vaccinations were given 28 days apart. Reactogenicity was evaluated by means of a questionnaire and the antibody response by the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The anti-Nl-neuraminidase response (NI) was determined in some of those who were vaccinated. Although reactogenicity was low, there were significantly more local reactions reported from those receiving Al (OH)3 adsorbed vaccines. Prior to vaccination approximately 90% of the volunteers' antibody titers to A/Brazil/11/78, the H1N1 strain contained in the vaccine, were <32. More than 50% of the volunteers with low titered antibody born after 1955 responded with a booster reaction to H1N1. Neuraminidase-inhibition tests proved to be a much more sensitive indicator of priming. The antibody response in the primed individuals was highly satisfactory after one vaccination and there was no difference between the two vaccine types. In non-primed subjects two injections were necessary to reach a titer of ≥ 32 in approximately 80% of the volunteers for A/Brazil/11/78. There was no difference in the response to the two types of vaccine. The results of these and other studies show that it is not warranted to use aluminum adsorbed influenza vaccines.