Vacant Parking Slots Research Articles

Smart Car Parking System (SPS) with the applications of Intelligent Transportation System

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is a modern approach in transportation engineering and management strategies of computer science, electronics and communication as it aims to provide advanced services in various methods of transport and traffic management systems. This helps the users to make safe, smart and efficient transport networks. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has a very wide application starting from traffic management to driver operation and vehicle control systems. Due to increase in vehicle production and world population leads to demand for more parking spaces and parking facilities. This problem is arising due to gap between demand and supply of parking spaces. The basic focus of this study is how to identify the exact location for parking the vehicle with the help of Arduino IDE software program. It will address the problems effectively associated with identification of parking slots and reaching parking places in urban areas. It informs and guide drivers to find limited number of parking spaces including their price in parking zones with in a shorter duration. Infrared sensors are also used to detect car parking slot occupancy. Smart Parking System (SPS) deals with identification of empty parking space, improper parking of vehicles and show the direction towards vacant parking slots. It also deals with digital payment facility. The ultimate focus of this is to identify the availability or non-availability of parking space.

Smart Parking System

Now days in many multiplex systems there is a severe problem for car parking systems? There are many slots for car parking, so to park a car one has to look for the all lanes. Moreover there is a lot of men labor involved for this process for which there is lot of investment. Conventionally, car parking systems does not have any intelligent monitoring system. Parking slots are monitored generally by human beings. All vehicles enter into the parking area and time waste for searching for a vacant parking slot. Sometimes it creates blockage. Conditions become worse when there are multiple parking lanes and each lane have multiple parking slots.So the need is to develop a system which indicates directly which parking slot is vacant in any lane. The project involves a system including infrared transmitter and receiver in every lane and a indicator. The designed system works on the basis of an IOT module connected to a Wi-Fi module and a website that shows vacancy of parking lanes.Use of automated system for car parking monitoring will reduce the efforts.So the man entering parking area can view using IoT module involved and can decide which slot to enter so as to park the car.

Automatic e-ticketing and Vehicle Parking System

Smart cities have been the vision for the country for a while, and one of the features for the development of a smart city is to develop a good mobility for transport with efficient car parking management systems. A good parking management system must assist people to find vacant parking slots and provide automatic on-line payment options, to reduce the traffic and to save time. In this paper, implementation of prototype of automatic e-ticketing and vehicle parking system is presented. The proposed system consists of automatic gate control, e-ticketing and vacant space monitoring, implemented using Raspberry Pi. Android application on user’s smart phone helps in easy user interface making the system, easy to use in real time scenario.

Parking System for Smart Cities

As we know due to increase in world population there is an increase in problems related to locomotive management, especially in urban areas. Being in contemporary world everyone faces a lot of problems every mundane morning with the traffic , which is inexorable. Even if the government becomes prodigal enough to spend on traffic management, it will not solve this problem easily. So the best solution to solve this is to solve the horrendous parking problem. Parking solution proposed by us is easy to implement. In this we have used sensors like IR sensor, RFID sensor to find vacant parking slot available. Here the driver can find the vacant slot using an application on mobile. This solution saves time and cost also it is tangible, flexible and also caters security. The application of our proposed system is best fit for places like shopping centre, High-tech business areas , public places etc

Track Your Parking Lot with the help of Sensors

The increasing number of vehicles around the globe increases the parking problem. Parking of vehicle in front of the house or in the basement of shopping mall, consumes a lot of time and energy of the driver. Additionally, the emission of extra CO2 is adding to the environmental cause globally. So here, author has proposed a solution of mentioned problem. An Automated Parking Management System (APMS) is proposed here that dynamically detect the vacant parking slots. This interface will provide the facility of advance booking through which the user can book a parking slot in advance to avoid last moment rush. The user can also locate, view the nearest empty parking lot in advance and plan his/her journey accordingly. The proposed work is done with the help of sensors that will fetch the data dynamically from the parking slots (whether they are vacant, occupied or waiting) with the help of raspberry pie. The retrieved data is interfaced by an android application that will then show the status of the slots. Apart from mentioned advantages, this work also addresses the environmental concerns due to CO2 emission. In short, through this application user will get a safe and secure vacant parking slot without any hustle and wastage of time.

Automated Car Parking with Empty Slot Detection Using IoT

Nowadays the number of cars on road are increasing which leads to various problems of which one of them is parking. The public faces various problem such that parking has vacant slot or not. By using the proposed system one can preemptively know whether there is an empty slot or not by looking the LCD display outside the premises as well as android application which will show all the vacant parking slots. The system uses IR sensors alongside engines, LCD and microcontroller for controlling the system. The lcd shows void spaces to new car at gate of parking. On the off chance that no parking spot is accessible the system does not open the door and lcd says parking full.If space is vacant system enables car to enter the parking and shows void openings where client can stop. To identify vehicle opening inhabitance the system utilizes IR sensors. Additionally System utilizes IR sensors to distinguish vehicles touching base at stopping gates,to open the doors naturally on vehicle landing. The microcontroller is utilized to encourage the working of the whole system. Android application can also be used to find alternate parking premises in the area by displaying number of vacant parking slots in them too. It also allow user to book parking slot 15 minutes before user arrives else it will get cancelled if the user doesn’t arrive in the specified time.

Real-Time Smart Parking Systems Integration in Distributed ITS for Smart Cities

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have evolved as a key research topic in recent years, revolutionizing the overall traffic and travel experience by providing a set of advanced services and applications. These data-driven services contribute to mitigate major problems arising from the ever growing need of transport in our daily lives. Despite the progress, there is still need for an enhanced and distributed solution that can exploit the data from the available systems and provide an appropriate and real-time reaction on transportation systems. Therefore, in this paper, we present a new architecture where the intelligence is distributed and the decisions are decentralized. The proposed architecture is scalable since the incremental addition of new peripheral subsystems is supported by the introduction of gateways which requires no reengineering of the communication infrastructure. The proposed architecture is deployed to tackle the problem of traffic management inefficiency in urban areas, where traffic load is substantially increased, by vehicles moving around unnecessarily, to find a free parking space. This can be significantly reduced through the availability and diffusion of local information regarding vacant parking slots to drivers in a given area. Two types of parking systems, magnetic and vision sensor based, have been introduced, deployed, and tested in different scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture, together with the proposed algorithms, is assessed in field trials.

Ethical Implications of Social Internet of Vehicles Systems

The core concept of IoT is to equip real world objects with computing, processing and communicating capabilities to enable socializing between them. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an adherent of IoT that has realized significant advancements using communication technologies. Vehicles connected through Internet are capable of sharing information that can substantially enhance the quality of traffic on roads. Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is an instance of IoT that deals specifically in socialization of connected objects. SIoT enables the notion of Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) where vehicles are the key entities for sharing information between themselves and the infrastructure (commonly known as Road Side Units (RSUs)). Vehicles in SIoV socialize by exchanging data such as traffic congestions, weather conditions, infotainment, vacant parking slots, alternate routes and discount coupons for restaurants etc. In SIoV, vehicles can communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure through traditional communication technologies like Wi-Fi, Cellular networks or through Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) etc. SIoV will be confronted with ethical dilemmas and expected to function in an ethically responsible manner. This paper highlights the ethical implications of SIoV systems. Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) involves autonomous decision making that requires setting ethical and moral rules before taking verdict. The article discusses the lack of ethical guidelines in designing and deploying of SIoV systems that are of utmost importance. Finally, an addition to SIoV architecture is proposed to incorporate the ethical and moral principles for scheming the SIoV systems.

Sistem Cerdas Reservasi dan Pemantauan Parkir pada Lokasi Kampus Berbasis Konsep Internet of Things

At present time, the people who use vehicles on the campus is increasing. It makes more difficult to find an empty slot parking area on the campus. This study aims to develop a system parking reservation and monitoring on-campus area using NFC and IoT concept. NFC was used to confirm booking code that generated by the system. In the parking area, ultrasonic sensors were installed to detect parking space availability. IoT concept has been applied to build this system. Apps on users smartphone can do the reservation process to the desired parking location via internet. Black box testing was done by building a prototype using the number of data locations parking slots in the Andalas University. The test results showed that this system has been able to detect the location of vacant parking slots and do reservations with time for sending data to the server is 0.7952 sec.

Towards Smart Parking Based on Fog Computing

An experience of finding a vacant parking slot can be very stressful in densely populated areas, especially in peak hours. Such parking process takes a long time, wastes significant gasoline, and emits extra vehicle exhaust that harms the environment. Smart parking, aiming to assist drivers in finding desirable parking slots more efficiently through information and communication technologies such as vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs), has received extensive attention recently. Current VANETs-based parking slot allocations cannot provide a fully satisfactory solution, because vehicle communication devices-onboard units-and roadside units lack computational capabilities to perform humanized and accurate service provisioning, such as real-time parking slots information and probabilistic prediction on future parking slots. Therefore, we, in this paper, propose a fog computing-based smart parking architecture to improve smart parking in real time. Fog nodes deployed at parking lots, cooperating with each other, enable realtime parking slot information provisioning as well as parking requests processing. The cloud center can further enhance smart parking capability by enforcing global optimization on parking requests allocation. The experimental results of our approaches show higher efficiency compared with other parking strategies. The proposed fog computing-based smart parking can lower the average parking cost and minimize gasoline wastes and vehicle exhaust emission.

IParking

Finding a parking in most of the metropolitan areas, especially during the rush hours, is difficult for drivers nowadays. The iParking system proposed in this paper allows drivers to find and reserve the vacant parking slots through their smartphones and additionally support the principles of “Smart City.” The design and implementation of this proposed system called Reservation Based Smart Parking System (RSPS) is based on cloud computing and android application and finds availability of nearest parking slots. The objective is to reduce the time in finding the parking lots and avoid unnecessary traveling. The technology proposed in this paper is Infrared Sensors (IR Sensors) used for detecting the occupancy of parking slots. The iParking uses Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) to identify and track a car. The methodology proposed in this paper can easily be compared with existing parking system in terms of reducing the fuel consumption.

Performance Analysis of Proximity and Light Sensors for Smart Parking

The rapid increase in vehicle population in recent years have given rise to a number of global problems such as air pollution, blockage of roads, waste of fuel and time. These issues exist due to the congestion caused by vehicles while finding the parking slot especially in metropolitan cities. Even today, many of the existing parking systems provide a passive information to the drivers regarding the availability of parking slots. Currently, the sensors deployed for detecting the vehicle presence in parking facilities are not reliable and are expensive. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis on crucial aspects for designing a smart parking system such as sensor selection and optimal position for sensor deployment for accurate detection. Initially, two most common sensor, Light Dependable Resistor (LDR) sensor that works on shadow detection principal and Infra-Red (IR) sensor which works on object detection mechanism are used. The performance analysis of the accuracy for detection of vacant parking slots and vehicle detection under different conditions is presented. It is concluded that IR sensor outperforms LDR sensor in terms of it's accuracy in detecting the vacant parking slots and vehicle detection in different environmental factors.

Sensor Fusion-Based Vacant Parking Slot Detection and Tracking

This paper proposes a vacant parking slot detection and tracking system that fuses the sensors of an Around View Monitor (AVM) system and an ultrasonic sensor-based automatic parking system. The proposed system consists of three stages: parking slot marking detection, parking slot occupancy classification, and parking slot marking tracking. The parking slot marking detection stage recognizes various types of parking slot markings using AVM image sequences. It detects parking slots in individual AVM images by exploiting a hierarchical tree structure of parking slot markings and combines sequential detection results. The parking slot occupancy classification stage identifies vacancies of detected parking slots using ultrasonic sensor data. Parking slot occupancy is probabilistically calculated by treating each parking slot region as a single cell of the occupancy grid. The parking slot marking tracking stage continuously estimates the position of the selected parking slot while the ego-vehicle is moving into it. During tracking, AVM images and motion sensor-based odometry are fused together in the chamfer score level to achieve robustness against inevitable occlusions caused by the ego-vehicle. In the experiments, it is shown that the proposed method can recognize the positions and occupancies of various types of parking slot markings and stably track them under practical situations in a real-time manner. The proposed system is expected to help drivers conveniently select one of the available parking slots and support the parking control system by continuously updating the designated target positions.

As-Puma : Anycast Semantics In Parking Using Metaheuristic Approach

The number of vehicle used in the world are increasing day by day resulting in the obvious problem of parking of these vehicle’s in residential and vocational areas. We perceive the problem of vehicles parking in vocational establishments / malls. Today majority of parking systems are manual parking systems where in, on the spot, parking of the vehicle is done and a parking slip is generated and handed over to customer. This is cumbersome technique wherein various parking attendants in the parking areas manually keeps on informing the Parking inspector on how many free parking slots available so that only that many number of parking slips/tickets are generated as the number of free parking slots. We address the problem of parking in Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) by proposing metaheuristic driven approach of Ant Colony optimization (ACO) technique with anycast semantics models . Here we propose the parking architecture to solve the problem of parking especially in commercial areas with their design diagrams . In this architecture we apply the delivery model to deliver the packet correctly to the intended receiver. Using this we can book various parking’s through remote areas so that the customer can get the information about availability of various parking’s inside an area and the parking fare for each category of the automobile. Using this architecture the customer can get the prior knowledge about various vacant parking slots inside a parking area and he can book the corresponding parking from his location.

Commuting and car use: car park regimentations as a potential lever

The Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria was commissioned by the provinces of Vienna, Lower Austria and the Burgenland to carry out an analysis, how the introduction of parking regimentations at work place is effecting the mobility behaviour of those concerned. Based on the results derived from telephone interviews in stated preference technique it can be verified, both the restriction of the number of places and the invention of obligatory parking pricing at company owned car parks is a powerful tool to support the policy goals of the city. In both cases, long term on street parking need to be restricted in parallel in order not to weaken the measure and to avoid an increase of car traffic caused by the search for vacant parking slots (more than 50% of the respondents could evade the measure in that way in the current situation).