UWB Antenna Research Articles

Single iterated fractal inspired UWB antenna with reconfigurable notch bands for compact electronics

A simple, compact, and low-profile antenna operating over ultrawideband with high gain is presented in this manuscript. The antenna has dimensions of W × L = 19 mm × 21 mm and is placed on the rear side of the FR-4 substrate material. The antenna contains simple geometry, inspired from a circular fractals, which consists of a circular patch with a CPW feedline. The circular patch is loaded with two fractals patches at both top end of the substrate and the rectangular stub is loaded at the lower side, to improve the antenna's bandwidth. The constructed antenna offers a wide band of 3–13.5 GHz. The antenna geometry also contains three semicircular slots, which are etched to generate the notch bands. Each slot is etched step by step, giving notch bands at 3.9 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 8.1 GHz. In the final stage, two diodes are added to attain reconfiguration. The antenna offers moderate gain and high radiation efficiency. The hardware model of antenna is engineered to verify the simulated results. Moreover, the antenna is compared with other works in literature. The outcomes of the proposed antenna and comparison with the literature work make the suggested work the best candidate for future UWB portable devices.

Effect of the Dielectric Container on the UWB Antenna Radiation Characteristics

Effect of the Dielectric Container on the UWB Antenna Radiation Characteristics

Annular Ring UWB Wearable Textile Antenna for Telemetry and Healthcare Applications

A wearable microstrip UWB antenna employing jeans textile material as a substrate is proposed and analyzed. Two variants of conducting material comprising copper tape and copper wire of thickness of 0.1mm are utilized as patch and ground. The overall antenna volume is 50 × 50 × 1 mm3 with an impedance bandwidth of 24.13 GHz (0.87 to 25 GHz) and a peak gain of 10.93 dB at 14.80 GHz. The design comprising an annular ring structure with connecting feed at the optimized location has been analyzed and optimized using FEM based ANSYS High-Frequency Structural Simulator. The low values of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) 1.23W/kg, 1.26W/kg, and 0.64W/kg averaged over 1-g of tissue for arm, leg, and head respectively at 2.45 GHz validate the antenna design for wearable telemetry applications. The proposed design is also analyzed under different bent radii for wearable applications. Measured results for both prototypes agree well with the simulated results.

Design of a compact sigma slotted dual-mode UWB antenna for wireless body area network applications

Abstract This article presents the design of a novel sigma slotted circular monopole antenna for wireless body area network applications. The design is proceeded with a sigma-shaped slot etched on the circular radiator with Rogers 4003C substrate. The size of the proposed antenna is 30 × 30 × 1 mm3. With partial ground plane, the bandwidth characteristics of the antenna have been enhanced. The designed antenna covers 2–10 GHz of the ultra wideband, thereby providing more than 106% bandwidth. The antenna exhibits high gain values of 1.95, 3.23, 3.46, and 5.95 dB at 2.45, 3.45, 5.8, and 9.5 GHz, respectively. The proposed design operates on off-body mode at 2.45 GHz and on-body mode at 5.8 GHz, thus acting as a dual-mode antenna. To ensure the health and safety measure, specific absorption rate analysis was done for both low and high values of input power and also with Cartesian and cylindrical human arm models. Bending analysis was also done. The time domain parameter group delay was also analyzed for the proposed antenna for on- and off-body scenarios. The prototype was fabricated, and validation of simulation results was done for free space and on-body scenarios.

A 4-element crescent shaped two-sided MIMO antenna for UWB, X and Ku band wireless applications

A 4-element crescent shaped two-sided MIMO antenna for UWB, X and Ku band wireless applications

A Surrogate Modeling Approach for Frequency-Reconfigurable Antennas

A novel generalizable surrogate modeling approach is specifically developed for frequency reconfigurable antennas. The generalizable modeling processes is based on the rigorous mathematical derivation, including the solution of a non-linear overdetermined system, the optimization in the complex field, and the interpolation in multi-dimensional continuous space. As a post-processing method, the approach can convert the discrete data of CAD simulation to a surrogate model. Subsequently, a reconfigurable UWB antenna with a tunable notch-band is taken as an example to demonstrate that the surrogate modeling approach is feasible, effective, and precise. It also has the flexible ability to adapt to strict requirements and complicated scenarios. The proposed surrogate model is a good candidate for the interface standard between a reconfigurable antenna and signal processing part in a Cognitive Radio system.

Flexible low profile UWB antenna on polyimide film based on silver nanoparticle direct-write dispenser printing for wireless applications

Flexible low profile UWB antenna on polyimide film based on silver nanoparticle direct-write dispenser printing for wireless applications

Triple-Band Notched Ultra-Wideband Microstrip MIMO Antenna with Bluetooth Band.

In this paper, a novel ultra-wideband UWB antenna element with triple-band notches is proposed. The proposed UWB radiator element operates from 2.03 GHz up to 15.04 GHz with triple rejected bands at the WiMAX band (3.28-3.8 GHz), WLAN band (5.05-5.9 GHz), and X-band (7.78-8.51 GHz). In addition, the radiator supports the Bluetooth band (2.4-2.483 GHz). Three different techniques were utilized to obtain the triple-band notches. An alpha-shaped coupled line with a stub-loaded resonator (SLR) band stop filter was inserted along the main feeding line before the radiator to obtain a WiMAX band notch characteristic. Two identical U-shaped slots were etched on the proposed UWB radiator to achieve WLAN band notch characteristics with a very high degree of selectivity. Two identical metallic frames of an octagon-shaped electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG) were placed along the main feeding line to achieve the notch characteristic with X-band satellite communication with high sharpness edges. A novel UWB multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radiator is proposed. The proposed UWB-MIMO radiator was fabricated on FR-4 substrate material and measured. The isolation between every two adjacent ports was below -20 dB over the FCC-UWB spectrum and the Bluetooth band for the four MIMO antennas. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) between the proposed antennas in MIMO does not exceed 0.05. The diversity gains (DG) for all the radiators are greater than 9.98 dB.

Half Hexagonal Shaped UWB antenna with triple band notch using resonating structures for wireless communication

Half Hexagonal Shaped UWB antenna with triple band notch using resonating structures for wireless communication

Ultra-Wideband Compact Fractal Antenna for WiMAX, WLAN, C and X Band Applications.

In this paper, a compact dual-wideband fractal antenna is created for Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, C, and X band applications. The proposed antenna consists of a circularly shaped resonator that contains square slots and a ground plane where a gap line is incorporated to increase the gain and bandwidth with a small volume of 40 × 34 × 1.6 mm3. The patch was supported by the FR4 dielectric, which had a permittivity of 4.4 and tan δ = 0.02. A 50 Ω microstrip line fed this antenna. The antenna was designed by the HFSS program, and after that, the simulated results were validated using the measured results. The measurement results confirm that the suggested antenna achieves dual-band frequencies ranging from 2.30 to 4.10 GHz, and from 6.10 GHz to 10.0 GHz, resonating at 2.8, 3.51, 6.53, and 9.37 GHz, respectively, for various applications including commercial, scholarly, and medical applications. Moreover, the antenna's ability to operate within the frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz is in accordance with the FCC guidelines for the use of UWB antennas in breast cancer detection. Over the operational bands, the gain varied between 2 and 9 dB, and an efficiency of 92% was attained. A good agreement between the simulation and the measured results was found.

Triple Band-Notch UWB Antenna Embedded with Slot and EBG Structures

In this paper, a planar, compact pentagonal shaped ultrawideband antenna of microstrip line fed offering triple band-notched characteristics response is proposed and investigated. Triple band-notch response can be achieved by creating two inverted U-shaped slots of different size in pentagonal patch, and also electromagnetic band gap structure of hexagonal shape is created near the feed line of UWB antenna. To implement the proposed antenna, RT/DUROID 5880 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness is used. The designed antenna was successfully simulated, developed, and manufactured. The dimension of the suggested antenna is 36 mm × 33 mm × 1.6 mm and has a bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with a magnitude of S 11 < − 10 dB , the maximum pass band gain of 4.6 dB and with the exception of the 4.0–4.4 GHz (C-band satellite communication), 5.2–5.8 GHz (WLAN), and 8.0–8.25 GHz (X-band) frequency bands. The suggested antenna has a good return loss, a virtually omnidirectional radiation pattern, and a constant gain throughout operation.

Optically Transparent MIMO Antenna with Polarization Diversity

An Optically transparent UWB antenna with polarization diversity for the use of automotive communications is presented in this paper. The novel two element antenna operates at the frequency range of 2.5-8 GHz with dimension 45×45 mm2 and peak gain 1.2 dBi. Antenna elements are placed orthogonally to achieve polarisation diversity. The proposed antenna is placed on a soda lime glass substrate which has a permittivity of 7.3 and thickness of 2.2 mm. The radiator of the antenna is made of FTO with sheet resistance 6 Ω/sq. The Diversity gain of the proposed antenna is greater than 9.9 and ECC value is lesser than 0.02 for the frequency range of 3-8 GHz. The isolation between the antenna elements is more than 15 dB without any complex decoupling structures between them.

Design of Wireless Body Area Network UWB Antenna for Telemedicine and Mobile Health Systems

Design of Wireless Body Area Network UWB Antenna for Telemedicine and Mobile Health Systems

High isolated Psi-Shaped 4x4 MIMO UWB antenna for RF energy harvesting applications

A 4x4 Ultra Wide Band Multi Input Multi Output antenna with Ψ (Psi) patch on an elliptical slot defected ground structure designed to be in control of Characteristic Mode Theory Analysis. Utilizing the design of the Ψ-shaped antenna offers good isolation of beneath − 20 dB in the full UWB frequency (3.1 GHz to10.6 GHz). The antenna planned on FR4 with thickness of 1.6 mm, dielectric strength of 4.4 and loss tangent value of 0.02. This antenna compromises worthy impedance bandwidth as of 3.10 GHz to 12.00 GHz through with better isolation. This designing furnishes radiation efficiency of 92%, 115% of bandwidth; and maximum peak gain of 6.50 dBi. The diversity features of DG, ECC, CCL and MEG are 9.998, 0.012, 0.25 bits/s/Hz and − 3.2 dB correspondingly. This antenna stands adequate for RF Energy Harvesting Applications.

Spatial positioning method based on UWB antenna array layout

Aiming at the problem of spatial positioning of dynamic targets in traditional power systems, this paper provides a cost controllable and high precision UWB antenna array layout method for spatial positioning to solve the problems of low precision and multiple restrictions of ultra wideband in spatial environment. First, a base station is set in each area. The base station contains a group of UWB antenna arrays composed of multiple antenna pairs. The distance L from the base station with the location tag is accurately measured through the UWB. Then, the UWB antenna array uses the PDOA phase difference principle to measure the direction of the signal. Finally, the spatial azimuth of the UWB signal from the tag to be located relative to the base station is calculated. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by an example, which can significantly improve the positioning accuracy. The proposed method can provide strong technical support for intelligent operation and maintenance of power system and safe production.

Localization of Breast Tumor Using Four Elements UWB Wearable Antenna

In this paper, four wearable UWB antennas are designed to detect and locate tumor cells placed within a heterogeneous phantom at different positions. The proposed antenna is operated within the 4.90 GHz to 15.97 GHz bandwidth range. It is fabricated, measured, and nearly matched between measured and simulated results. A cavity is formulated to back each antenna within the proposed detection system for increasing penetration and gain of propagated electromagnetic waves of the antenna design. The S-parameter of the proposed system was used to detect and locate a small tumor. The SAR results show that the absorbed power by the breast phantom tissues satisfies the IEEE standards which confirms the appropriateness of the proposed antennas for breast cancer early detection and localization system.

A Compact SE-DGS Tapered-Fed Notched UWB Antenna Integrated with Ku/K Band for Breast Cancer Detection

A compact and novel semi-elliptical defected ground structure (SE-DGS) tapered microstrip line fed UWB antenna with band-notched characteristics integrated with Ku and K band applications is proposed. The proposed SE-DGS UWB antenna is printed on a compact size of (15 × 18 mm2) and has radiation bandwidth of 25.66 GHz over a span of 4.11–29.77 GHz, a fractional bandwidth of 151.47%, and both the down link of X- and ITU-8 bands are completely notched over a span of 6.86–9.09 GHz using a single C-structured reflector. The proposed antenna has a fluctuating gain of 1.7–4.82 dBi except for the gain at the notched band frequency, which is −12.25 dBi. The proposed antenna has a high radiation efficiency of 96.23%, stable radiation patterns over the UWB range, and a high rejection capability of the notched band, which is noticed from the high value of VSWR of 23.15, making it a potential candidate for UWB, Ku, and K band wireless applications with effectively suppressed downlink of X and ITU-8 bands. The developed antenna design simulates breast cancer tissue detection by comparing S21 results, and specific absorption rates with and without tumour scenarios. These results suggest that the proposed radiator and system detect breast tumours efficiently.

A novel UWB flexible antenna with dual notch bands for wearable biomedical devices.

This study presents a novel UWB flexible antenna with dual band-notched design for wearable biomedical devices. The proposed antenna is designed on Kapton Polyimide-based flexible substrate. This includes a CPW fed circular and triangle structure. The dual notched bands are realized by using two triangular-shaped spiral slots defected ground structures. The first notched band (2.4-3.7GHz) is generated for rejecting WLAN and WiMAX, the second notch (5.15-5.725GHz) is generated for rejecting HyperLAN/2. The designed UWB antenna has approximately a bandwith of 159% (2.05-14GHz) in simulation. Thus, the designed UWB antenna meets FCC standards. The antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a maximum gain of 12.7dB in 8.4GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated with the low-cost airbrush printed technique. In this technique, a higher gain value is obtained by controlling the thickness of the conductive layer. Effect of flexibility on the antenna performance is tested for different configurations in the simulation and anechoic chamber environments. According to the results obtained, the overall performance is not affected except for the shift in frequency. Since the antenna has a UWB structure, the frequency shift that occurs in bending is at a tolerable level. The proposed UWB antenna is suitable for wearable biomedical devices, with a high UWB performance.

Design of a UWB Antenna with Multiple Ports on a Single Circular Radiator for Direction-Finding Applications

This paper proposes a single circular radiator with a multi-port (SRMP) antenna that can estimate the direction-of-arrival (DoA) in the azimuth and elevation directions. The proposed SRMP antenna is designed to minimize the size of the ultra-wideband system by using only one patch radiator. To verify the feasibility, the proposed antenna is fabricated, and the reflection coefficient and boresight gain are measured (-13.3 dB and 3.4 dBi at 8 GHz). Then, to observe the direction-finding performance, the DoA estimation results using the Bartlett beamformer are compared with the typical array. At all incident angles, a root-mean-square error of less than 1° is observed when the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than 6 dB.

A compact diamond shaped ultra-wide band antenna system for diagnosing breast cancer.

Antennas for the microwave imaging system are large which results in higher radiation, manufacturing cost, poor radiation characteristics and it will be difficult to locate on breast tissues. We propose a wearable ultra-wide band antenna for use in the diagnosis of breast cancer bio-medical applications. The antenna has been fabricated on 1.6 mm FR4 substrate with a dimension of 28 × 14.4 mm2 and can operate between 2 GHz-12 GHz with S11<-10 dB with best radiation characteristics. The prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and practically tested and the results were found to be consistent with the simulated results. The proposed UWB antenna is intended to radiate and receive information covering the entire spectrum from 3 GHz to 13 GHz. For good impendence matching throughout the larger spectrum, the defected ground structure (diamond shape) was exploited. All the dimensions of the proposed design are confirmed by parametric study and optimization. The maximum simulated efficiency was ranging from 80 to 84% in the desired operating frequency. The maximum Specific Absorption Rate of the proposed antenna was 0.98 W/Kg. Therefore, the proposed UWB antenna could be the right structure for breast cancer diagnosis in terms of SAR. The antenna was found to have a substantial radiation efficiency of around 78%-84% in the desired operating bandwidth. The overall realized gain of the proposed UWB antenna was seen ranging from 1.8-4.2 dB which is sufficient for bio-medical applications. The breast phantom was modeled for the validation of the performance of the antenna and SAR was analyzed. The value of SAR of the designed antenna was observed at about 0.98 W/Kg, which is suitable for medical applications.