UV Vis Spectral Analysis Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of some bis 1,3-Oxazepine and 2,3-Dihydroquinozoline derivatives

In this study some new compounds have been synthesized including preparation of some different Schiff bases[1-6] from the reaction benzdine with substituted of benzal-dehyde in absolute ethanol and converted into derivatives of 1,3-oxazpines(by ring clo- sure reaction (2+5) of Schiff bases with maleic anhydride in dry benzene[7-12],also the 2,3 –dihyroquinozoline-4(1H) one[13-17] were prepared. The prepared compounds were characterized by color and melting point determination, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral analysis . Some of the prepared compounds were identified by 1H- NMR and C.H.N spectra analysis .

Synthesis and characterization of strontium tartrate tetrahydrate crystal using silica gel method

In the present study, strontium tartrate tetrahydrate crystals were grown using the silica gel method. Optimum growth parameters were obtained by varying molar concentration, volume of upper reactant solution, and pH of gel mixture at ambient temperature (31 °C). Large size crystal (9 × 8 × 4 mm3) of strontium tartrate tetrahydrate were obtained when the pH of the gel mixture was 4.2 and upper reactant had a molar concentration of 1.5 M and volume of 20 ml. As grown crystal was characterized using different techniques viz. Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX), and UV–vis spectral analysis. Analysis of Powder X-ray diffraction data carried out in the 2θ range 10°–60° revealed that as grown crystal had an orthorhombic structure with space group P2 2 2 and unit cell parameters a = 9.8865 Å, b = 10.0448 Å, c = 9.5186 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. Various vibrational peaks of hydroxyl group (OH) at wavenumber 3170.42, 3384.44, 3536.72 cm−1, carbonyl (CO) group at 1601.88 cm−1 were observed in FTIR spectroscopy. One peculiar peak at 478.2 cm−1 where one O− and was replaced by Sr2+ was also obtained in FTIR spectroscopy suggesting formation of strontium tartrate crystal. Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray confirms the presence of expected major elements like strontium, carbon, and oxygen in the crystal. UV–vis transmission spectrum of strontium tartrate tetrahydrate crystals was recorded in the wavelength range of 190 to 1100 nm. The energy bandgap estimated from transmission data is 5.64 eV. Non-linear Optical (NLO) competence of STT crystal is observed at 532 nm. The electrical property of pelletized samples was studied by dielectric measurement in the frequency range of 20 Hz–2 MHz at room temperature. It is observed that dielectric loss is very low at higher frequency.

Preparation, Identification and study Antibacterial Activity of Some new 2,3- Dihydroquinazolin-4 (1H)-one Derivatives

In this study some new compounds have been prepared including thereaction of diazoium salt of 1,4-phenylenediamine with 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde at (0-5)0C[F1]. Then Schiff bases [F2-F6] werethen synthesized through the reaction of compound [F1] withsubstituteds aniline in absolute ethanol, and Schiff bases were convertedinto 2,3 - dihyroquinazolin - 4(1H) - one derivatives [F7-F11] by thereaction with 2-amino benzoic acid in ethanol. The prepared compoundswere characterized by color and melting point, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectralanalysis. Some of the prepared compounds were identified by 1H-NMRspectra and C.H.N analysis. The antibacterial activities were studiedagainst different kinds of bacteria, in addition, the stability of prepareddyes which proved to be of high stability and bright colors was studies,in addition the conformation of prepared compounds at the lower energylevel were studied.

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanospheres from isolated Aspergillus eucalypticola SLF1 and its multifunctionality in nanobioremediation of C. I. Reactive Blue 194 with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

For synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), Green methods have been proven to be more efficient than several physiochemical methods. This article presents a non-toxic, ecofriendly, cost-effective and a facile route of green synthesis of TiO2 NPs by an isolated fungus Aspergillus eucalypticola SLF1, which exhibits excellent photocatalytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity without structural modification done by physicochemical methods. The TiO2 NPs are characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, DLS, TEM, BET, Raman spectroscopy and PL. The mesoporous, anatase phase, with a band gap 3.49 eV observed by BET, XRD. UV–Visible spectral analysis displayed sunlight driven photocatalytic performance against C. I. Reactive Blue 194 by advanced oxidation process. Decolourization and 99.70% degradation within 30 min exhibited pseudo first order kinetic with reaction rate constant 0.1935 min−1 by linear method. These findings are superior physicochemical methods. Ecofriendly degradation was confirmed by UV–Vis. HPLC and LCMS etc and phytotoxic studies.

Targeted degradation of refractory organic pollutants in wastewater based on molecularly imprinted catalytic materials: Adsorption process and degradation mechanism

In this study, the role of weak interactions in the targeted adsorption of refractory organic pollutants by imprinted catalysts (MIL100@MIP) was elucidated. Through the imprinting technique, the targeted adsorption capacity for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was increased by 3 times. With the synergy of adsorption and degradation, the removal of SMX reached 49.03 mg/g in MIL100@MIP/PS system. Methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide (AM), and 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) were used to construct different imprinting recognition sites. UV–vis spectral analysis indicated that MIL100@MIP adsorbed SMX through weak interactions. Dynamic experiments showed that MIL100@MIP-4-VP exhibited the best adsorption performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and wave function analysis indicated that π-π stacking played a dominant role in the SMX adsorption process. The solvent effect was investigated by dynamics simulation. Finally, three possible SMX degradation pathways and the catalytic mechanism of MIL100@MIP were proposed based on the EPR and intermediate product analysis. This study has valuable guidance for improving the targeted degradation performance of imprinted catalytic materials.

Biopolymer templated strategized greener protocols for fabrication of ZnO nanostructures and their application in photocatalytic technology for phasing out priority pollutants.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via template-assisted and template-free route using three different synthetic methods, i.e., sonochemical, mechanochemical, and hydrothermal. Biopolymer xanthan gum (XG) served as sacrificial template for ZnO synthesis as provided the surface for the growth of nanostructures in a controlled manner. The employment of multifarious synthetic techniques resulted in fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles with diverse morphologies such as needle shaped, hexagonal, and spherical particles. Further, the template-assisted protocols generated thermally stable highly crystalline nanostructures along with high surface area, larger pore size, and low band gap energies in contrast to template-free protocol. The structural and other physicochemical studies were manifested by XRD, N2 adsorption desorption, FESEM, TGA, and UV-Vis spectral analysis. The template-assisted ZnO nanostructures were explored as a potential photocatalyst for the catalytic degradation of emerging pollutants, i.e., triclosan (TCS) and imidacloprid (IMD) under the exposure of UV light. The products formed during the photocatalytic reaction were monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy and HPLC. The results obtained revealed the high catalytic efficiency of ZnO synthesized via template-assisted sonochemical method for TCS (99.60%) and IMD (96.09%) which is attributed to the high surface area and lower band gap energy of the catalyst. The high catalytic potential of the sonochemically synthesized ZnO also substantiated from the kinetic data as high-rate constant was obtained. Thus, the template-assisted protocols developed led to preparation of nanostructures having tailored properties for efficient photocatalysis and can rapidly degrade selected emerging contaminants such as personal care products and organophosphate pesticides. Hence, environment-friendly synthesized photocatalyst can be appropriately employed to wastewater treatment contaminated with emerging pollutants.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterisation and Biological Activities of Cu(II) Complexes of Few Thiosemicarbazones Ligands

Thiosemicarbazones are class of compounds which are obtained by the condensation of thiosemicarbazide with carbonyl compounds. The transition metal complexes of thiosemicarbazones are widely considered due to their broad spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antitumor and antifungal activities. In present research work a series of four novel Cu(II) aryl thiosemicarbazones complexes having the general composition [Cu(L1)2Cl2], [Cu(L2)2Cl2], [Cu(L3)2Cl2] and [Cu(L4)2Cl2]{where L1= 4-nitroacetophenone thiosemicarbazones (4NAT), L2 = 3-nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3NBT), L3 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (4HBT) and L4 = 4-aminoacetophenone thiosemicarbazone (4AAT)} have been synthesized by the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with substituted aromatic aldehydes and ketones by conventional heating as well as microwave irradiations method followed by complexation with Cu(II) metal. The synthesized compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, melting point determination, FTIR, UV-visible spectral analysis. Thiosemicarbazone ligands behave as bidentate ligand and forms octahedral complexes with Cu(II). The synthesized ligands and their new metal complexes have been screened in vitro for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The result shows that all the Cu(II) complexes are potent antibacterial agents against these bacteria.

Combined effects of the lewis acidity and electric field of proximal redox innocent metal ions on the redox potential of vanadyl Schiff base complexes: an experimental and theoretical study.

The reactivity of biological or synthetic metalloenzymes is modulated in the presence of redox innocent Lewis acidic metal ions as they change the redox potential of the redox active metal ions present in the active site of metalloenzymes. To study this effect, we synthesised a mono-nuclear V(IV) complex (VOL, 1) with an N2O4 donor bicompartmental ligand, characterized it by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and recorded its cyclic voltammogram in acetonitrile. The CV revealed a reversible redox process for the V(IV)/V(V) couple. The potential of the V(IV)/V(V) couple shifted to a more positive value when equivalent amounts of Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions were added separately to its acetonitrile solution, but the extent of shift for Li+ and Mg2+ was much less than that of the other metal ions. The guest metal ions except Li+ and Mg2+ were accommodated in the outer compartment of VOL as confirmed by IR and UV-Vis spectral analysis. Single-crystal structural analysis of [(VOL)KPF6]2, (1·K) and [(VOL)Ba(ClO4)2(H2O)]n, (1·Ba) also confirmed the hetero-metallic adduct formation. The correlation of the shift of the V(IV/V) redox potential with the Lewis acidity of respective metal ions deviated appreciably from linearity. DFT calculations suggest that the shift in potential is probably controlled by local electric fields induced by those ions, as indicated by 2D vector electric field maps.

Investigation of oily wastewater treatment by few-layer graphene adsorbent and UV-Vis spectral analysis

Investigation of oily wastewater treatment by few-layer graphene adsorbent and UV-Vis spectral analysis

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF Lindernia antipoda

Plant species always remain a backbone for the discovery of active biomolecules required for public health. The existing scrutiny is outlined to dissect the chemical nature and explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strength of methanol extract of aerial parts of Lindernia antipoda by in vitro methods. The basic phytochemical evaluation of the extract reflected the existence of essential nitrogenous and phenolic bio-compounds. UV-visible and FTIR (Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy) spectral analysis supported the chemical nature of reflected compounds. The antioxidant capability was noticed through nitric oxide scavenging assay and ABTS [2,2’-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical cation scavenging assay while anti-inflammatory competence was examined through the stabilization approach of human erythrocytes membrane against heat-induced membrane lysis. The methanol extract showed nitric oxide scavenging and ABTS radical cation scavenging by IC50 values of 398.38 μg/mL and 513.30 μg/mL respectively while anti-inflammatory activity was observed with the IC50 value of 573.01 μg/mL. The outcomes of each activity of methanol extract are presumably linked to the essential bioactive chemical substances in the extract

Comprehensive studies of spiropyrrolidines towards spectroscopic characterization, X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface and DFT computations

Three functionalized spiropyrrolidines have been studied in terms of spectroscopic analyses and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Prior synthesized spiropyrrolidines experimental FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis spectral analyses and obtained findings correlated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) basis set. The spectroscopic and electronic properties, frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO), and molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) were simulated using the DFT. The calculated electronic transitions responsible for UV-Vis absorption, IR vibrational bands, and NMR chemical shifts were used to guide the experimental spectral assignments and to provide further insights into the spectroscopic properties. The single crystal X-ray outcomes exhibited that two compounds have one independent molecule in their unit cell, while the third compound has four independent molecules in its unit cell and correlated with Hirshfeld surface analysis, which were different intramolecular contacts described. The composition of HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps determines the possible intramolecular charge transfer between moieties. The MEPs show that the chloro, methoxy group and atoms (N–H groups) of the indole and azole moieties are susceptible sites for reactions that are electrophilic and nucleophilic, respectively in all three compounds.

Developments of photo-anode materials for dye-sensitized solar cell using natural sensitizer of Portulaca grandiflora flower soaked Titania nanocrystalline and nanofiber

In this work, we report the development of low-cost natural dye-sensitized Titania (TiO2) nanocrystalline (NCs) and nanofiber (NFs) based photo-anode materials for solar cell applications. Titania NCs and NFs were prepared by the hydrothermal method followed by the Electrospinning processes. As prepared Titania photo-anode materials were characterized by various techniques like HR-TEM & SEM image, powder X-ray diffraction pattern, FT-IR, UV–Visible spectral analysis, and electrochemical impedance studies. HR-TEM and SEM image analysis were used to observe the surface morphology of the formation of Titania in nanocrystalline and nanofiber natures. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern exhibited TiO2 NCs in semicrystalline nature and NFs in amorphous nature and their anatase crystalline phase appeared in (101) and (002). FT-IR spectral analysis was used identified that the TiO2 NCs and NFs functional groups of Ti-O-Ti stretchingand Ti-OHbending vibrations in the range of 560 and 3420 cm−1. UV–Visible spectroscopy was observed in the absorption maximum (546 nm) of Table rose leaf extract in TiO2 NFs. The highest electrical conductivity of TiO2 NFs was achievedin the range of 2.49 × 10-3 S/cm by EIS studies at room temperature. Table rose leaf extract was used as the sensitizer, the dye-sensitized solar cell was assembled with liquid electrolyte (I-/I3-) and platinum as a counter electrode, and TiO2 NFs photo-anode was given the highest efficiency of 0.77 %.

Eco-friendly synthesis of Ag-NPs using Endostemon viscosus (Lamiaceae): Antibacterial, antioxidant, larvicidal, photocatalytic dye degradation activity and toxicity in zebrafish embryos

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary area of study that has grown significantly in serving many functions and impacting human society. New fields of science have been facilitated by the clean, non-toxic, and biocompatible nature of plant-derived nanoparticles. The present study deals with the first green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Endostemon viscosus, and their synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by different spectral methods (UV–vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX). The change initially observed the production of Ag-NPs in color from green to ash and then confirmed by SPR band at 435 nm in UV–vis spectral analysis. The FTIR findings indicate that many functional groups belong to the pharmaceutically useful phytochemicals, which interact as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The predominant peaks in the XRD pattern belong to the planes 210°, 111°, 200°, 241°, and 311° and thus demonstrated the Ag-NPs FCC crystal structure. TEM analysis exhibited spherical-shaped particles with an average size of 13 nm, and the EDAX band showed a distinctive metallic silver peak at 3.0 keV. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs tested to show a maximum zone of inhibition of 19 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 15 mm for Escherichia coli at 100 μg/mL, respectively. Bio-fabricated Ag-NPs were assessed for antioxidant activity (DPPH with % inhibition 57.54% and FRAP with % inhibition 70.89%). The biosynthesized Ag-NPs demonstrated potential larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti with more than 90% at 250 μg/mL. Histological profiles were altered while treating with Ag-NPs at 250 μg/mL. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized E. viscosus Ag-NPs was tested against methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV), and the maximum degradation efficiency was found as 90 and 94%, respectively. Furthermore, the toxicity test on zebrafish embryos demonstrated that aberrations have only been induced at concentrations higher than 500 μg/mL. We conclude that the greenly produced Ag-NPs may find use in biomedical applications based on bacteria and cost-effective industrial wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of silver core-shell nanoparticles and their influence on an experimental resin endodontic sealer: An in vitro analysis.

To avoid root canal recontamination and endodontic treatment failure, endodontic sealers with antibacterial activity could be an alternative. Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity and this study aimed to synthesize Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles, incorporate them into an experimental endodontic resin sealer and evaluate their influence on physicochemical and biological properties. Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles were produced using the sol-gel process, based on the Stöber method. The particles were characterized in terms of their chemical structure by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, where the particle morphology and diameter were analysed. A dual-cured experimental endodontic resin sealer was formulated using 70 wt% UDMA, 15 wt% GDMA, and 15 wt% BisEMA. The photoinitiators were added separately in two pastes. The Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles were incorporated into the endodontic sealer at the concentrations of 2.5wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%, and a control group without nanoparticles was also formulated. The endodontic sealers were evaluated for their flow, film thickness, degree of conversion, softening in solvent, radiopacity, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity immediately and after 9 months in water storage. Silver was detected in the chemical characterization of Ag@SiO2 that presented a spheric regular shape and average 683.51 nm ± 93.58 diameter. Sealers presented adequate flow and film thickness while radiopacity values were below the ones required by ISO 6876. All groups underwent softening after immersion in a solvent. The 10wt% groups showed a higher loss of subsurface hardness (∆KHN%). No reduction in cell viability was observed. Enterococcus faecalis viability in biofilm was reduced in 10wt% groups after 24 h and 9months. The addition of 10wt% Ag@SiO2 reduced E.faecalis viability at immediate and longitudinal analysis while maintaining the physicochemical properties of developed sealers.

Evaluation of Aminoacetophenoneoxime derivatives of oxime Schiff bases as a new antimicrobial agent.

Schiff bases may be a core to synthesize different new chemical ligands. They also have many biological activities by its azomethine group. Antimicrobial activities of new synthetic oxime derivatives against bacteria and fungi were investigated. o-Aminoacetophenoneoxime (o-AAOX) and m- Aminoacetophenoneoxime (m-AAOX) were used as precursors in the synthesis of five oxime derived ligands (L1-5). Two tridentates (L1 and L4) were derived from o-AAOX and three bidentates (L2, L3, and L5) were derived from m-AAOX. The structure of prepared ligands was confirmed using FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and UV-Visible spectral analysis as well as melting point and element analysis. Antimicrobial activities of five ligands were determined by the disk diffusion method. Only the m-AAOX ligands showed an antimicrobial action. The L2 was the most effective ligand on the tested microorganisms, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC, 8mg/ml) and Candida glabrata (MIC, 5.5mg/ml). The L5 ligand showed only antifungal effect. Kocuria rosea was resistant to all ligands, while Candida albicans was susceptible to most of them. In conclusion; the m-AAOX derivatives are an active compound against bacteria and fungi than the o-AAOX derivatives. The ligand L2 has more inhibitory effects on bacteria, while fungi were inhibited by other m-AAOX derivatives. The new Schiff bases of the m-AAOX derivatives may be regarded as promising antimicrobial agents.

Photoreactive Carbon Dots Modified g-C3N4 for Effective Photooxidation of Bisphenol-A under Visible Light Irradiation

A series of carbon dots (CDs) modified g-C3N4 (xCDs/g-C3N4; x = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL CDs solution) was synthesized via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method for the photooxidation of bisphenol-A (BPA) under visible light irradiation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the CDs may have a turbostratic structure and the resulting photocatalysts have distorted crystal structure, as compared with pure g-C3N4. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis revealed amorphous, mono-disperse, spherical CDs with an average particle size of 3.75 nm. The distribution of CDs within the matrix of g-C3N4 appear as small dark dot-like domains. The N2 adsorption-desorption analysis indicates that the nanocomposites are mesoporous with a density functional theory (DFT) estimate of the pore size distribution between 2–13 nm. The CDs quantum yield (QY) was determined to be 12% using the UV-vis spectral analysis, where the CDs/g-C3N4 has improved absorption in the visible region than g-C3N4. The higher BET surface area of CDs/g-C3N4 provided more adsorption sites and the ability to yield photogenerated e−/h+ pairs, which caused the 1.5 CDs/g-C3N4 to have better photocatalytic efficiency compared to the rest of the systems. The highest removal, 90%, was achieved at the following optimum conditions: BPA initial concentration = 20 mg L−1, catalyst dosage = 30 mg L−1, and pH = 10. The photooxidation process is mainly driven by photogenerated holes (h+) followed by •OH and O2•−. The synthesis of the 1.5 CDs/g-C3N4 system is simple and cost-effective, where this photocatalyst is highly stable and reusable versus other systems reported in the literature.

Physicochemical surrogates for in vitro toxicity assessment of liposomal amphotericin B

Pharmaceutical toxicity evaluations often use in vitro systems involving primary cells, cell lines or red blood cells (RBCs). Cell-based analyses (‘bioassays’) can be cumbersome and typically rely on hard-to-standardize biological materials. Amphotericin B (AmB) toxicity evaluations are primarily based on potassium release from RBCs and share these limitations. This study evaluates the potential substitution of two physicochemical AmB toxicity approaches for the bioassay: Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and in vitro drug release kinetics. UV–vis spectral analyses indicated that liposomal AmB’s (L-AmB) main peak position (λmax) and peak ratio (OD346/OD322) are potential toxicity surrogates. Similarly, two first-order release parameters derived from USP-4 in vitro drug release analyses also provided linear relationships with toxicity. These were the initial, overall drug release rate and the ratio of loose to tight AmB pools. Positive slopes and high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9) characterized all interrelations between physicochemical parameters and toxicity. These tests converted the manufacturing variables' nonlinear (i.e., curvilinear) relationships with in vitro toxicity to linear responses. Three different toxicity attenuation approaches (2 manufacturing, 1 formulation), covering formulation composition and process aspects, support this approach’s universality. These data suggest that one or more spectral and kinetic physicochemical tests can be surrogates for L-AmB in vitro toxicity testing.

Activated carbon-cement composite coated polyurethane foam as a cost-efficient solar steam generator

Solar thermal evaporation (STE) is a promising advanced technique to purify contaminated water under the influence of solar light. Naturally, cement has served as a binder in masonry-related applications and possesses light-absorbing properties. Herein, we fabricated a cost-effective high-durable cement/carbon/polyurethane foam (CCPF) composite material as a solar-driven evaporator. It provided an excellent evaporation rate of ∼2.4 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun (1 kW/m2) illumination. The CCPF exhibits a high solar light absorbance due to the presence of carbon. Also, the high-interconnected porous foam provides the self-floating ability to maximize heat localization. Simultaneously, the interconnected crisscross porous foam and the porous activated carbon coat on the air-water interface behave like a highly concentrated dye water filter, salt-water filter, and high density muddy water filter. Moreover, the super hydrophilic surface of CCPF and the addition of polyurethane (PU) foam ensure adequate water supply. Complete wastewater filtering ability was confirmed by UV–Vis spectral analysis. As-fabricated composite can attain the maximum surface temperature of 62 °C under one sun illumination for 1 h. The stability and adhesive strength of the coating were confirmed from successive 60 days of water treatment. No carbon was excreted from the device even after 60 days of the experiment. The small size solar still setup was fabricated with an area of 30 × 30 cm2 to show the performance of the device under ambient conditions. Collection of 140–180 ml ultrapure water from the device under ∼0.6 kW/m2 (variable solar intensity) at environment temperature 30–32 °C in 4–5 h. Therefore, this easily fabricated, cost-effective, highly stable CCPF solar-driven evaporator can be used as a strategy for high water production on a potential scale for the long term.

Biofilm-mediated decolorization, degradation and detoxification of synthetic effluent by novel biofilm-producing bacteria isolated from textile dyeing effluent

Biofilm-mediated bioremediation of xenobiotic pollutants is an environmental friendly biological technique. In this study, 36 out of 55 bacterial isolates developed biofilms in glass test tubes containing salt-optimized broth plus 2% glycerol (SOBG). Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Congo red- and Calcofluor binding results showed biofilm matrices contain proteins, curli, nanocellulose-rich polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids, and peptidoglycans. Several functional groups including –OH, N–H, C–H, CO, COO−, –NH2, PO, C–O, and C–C were also predicted. By sequencing, ten novel biofilm-producing bacteria (BPB) were identified, including Exiguobacterium indicum ES31G, Kurthia gibsonii ES43G, Kluyvera cryocrescens ES45G, Cedecea lapagei ES48G, Enterobacter wuhouensis ES49G, Aeromonas caviae ES50G, Lysinibacillus sphaericus ES51G, Acinetobacter haemolyticus ES52G, Enterobacter soli ES53G, and Comamonas aquatica ES54G. The Direct Red (DR) 28 (a carcinogenic and mutagenic dye used in dyeing and biomedical processes) decolorization process was optimized in selected bacterial isolates. Under optimum conditions (SOBG medium, 75 mg L−1 dye, pH 7, 28 °C, microaerophilic condition and within 72 h of incubation), five of the bacteria tested could decolorize 97.8% ± 0.56–99.7% ± 0.45 of DR 28 dye. Azoreductase and laccase enzymes responsible for biodegradation were produced under the optimum condition. UV–Vis spectral analysis revealed that the azo (−NN−) bond peak at 476 nm had almost disappeared in all of the decolorized samples. FTIR data revealed that the foremost characteristic peaks had either partly or entirely vanished or were malformed or stretched. The chemical oxygen demand decreased by 83.3–91.3% in the decolorized samples, while plant probiotic bacterial growth was indistinguishable in the biodegraded metabolites and the original dye. Furthermore, seed germination (%) was higher in the biodegraded metabolites than the parent dye. Thus, examined BPB could provide potential solutions for the bioremediation of industrial dyes in wastewater.

Vibrational energies, bonding nature, electronic properties, spectroscopic investigations and analysis of 3-bromo-4-Chlorobenzophenone

In this present study, we investigated pharmaceutically active of 3-Bromo-4-chlorobenzophenone. Structural, electronic properties (HOMO-LUMO, MEP) are investigated using DFT tool. Vibrational spectral analysis for FT-IR and FT-Raman are made of headline molecule. Electronic transition properties are discussed with the help of UV–Vis spectral analysis. Biologically active sites are found from MEP analysis. Electron delocalization properties are studied explored from HOMO-LUMO band gap energy. Moreover, intra molecular interactions are explained from NBO method. Molecular docking studies are performed to find the interactions various pathologies. The topological properties of the electron density have been analyzed.