UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Analysis Research Articles

Size controlled synthesis of well-distributed nano-silver on hydroxyapatite using alkanolamine compounds

A well-distributed nano-silver hydroxyapatite composite has been successfully prepared by a one-pot synthesis method. Hydroxyapatite was separately synthesized by a sol-gel method, then impregnated with silver nanoparticles with the mediation of Uncaria gambir Roxb. leaf extract in the presence of three kinds of alkanolamine compound; monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) as capping agents. The effect of different capping agents on the properties of the silver nanoparticles and the nano-silver hydroxyapatite composite were studied. UV–visible spectrophotometer analysis exhibited absorbance peaks at 402–439 nm which specifically corresponds to spherical silver nanoparticles. Higher optical absorbance was observed in TEA-capped silver nanoparticles, than in DEA and MEA-capped ones. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a highly crystalline hexagonal structure for hydroxyapatite and no detected metallic silver. However, the presence of 1.65% silver was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed spherical silver nanoparticles with a size range of 2–62 nm (smallest mean diameter of 2 nm) adhered to the hydroxyapatite surface. The TEA capped impregnated silver nanoparticles were the smallest, corresponding to the best capping performance, followed by those capped by DEA and MEA. Small-sized nanoparticles on hydroxyapatite are beneficial for highly antibacterial bone implants.

Anticancer and apoptotic activity of biologically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line- in vitro study

Aim of this study was to synthesize the safe and stable zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus. The alter in the color of the leaf extract dark brown upon addition of zinc nitrate Zn(NO3) confirms the formation of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis showed lambda max at 235 nm while Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy showed various amines and amides are involved in the stabilization of ZnONPs. Energy dispersive X –rays (EDX) confirms the presence of zinc. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed particle size ranges from 12 to 24 nm. These observed characteristic of nanoparticles are extremely useful in anticancer activities against HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. These ZnONPs showed IC50 value at 20μg/ml while on normal Vero cell line showed less effective by MTT assay. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were evaluated for apoptotic activity by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining method showed the membrane blebbing and chromatin condensation.

Development of Graphene Oxide-Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride Nanohybrid and Release behavior

Background: The demand of an efficient nanocarrier in drug delivery, graphene and its derivatives are emerging as a rising star due to its remarkable chemical and structural properties. Objective: Graphene oxide (GO) has high surface area and ability to load high amount of aromatic drugs. Hence, the objective of the research was to load Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP), antiparkinsonian drug on GO ultrasonically by π-π stacking interaction. Methods: GO was synthesized by the modified Hummer method. The conjugation of GOTHP was generated by using Design-Expert Software and release study of GO-THP nanohybrids was performed in the dissolution tester by using a dialysis membrane. Results: By varying an amount of GO and THP, the effect on loading efficiency and drug release was studied. THP showed sustained release behavior with release efficiency of 89% to 98% over 8 h. GO-THP complex was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, FESEM and XRD analysis. Conclusion: GO-THP complex showed better-sustained release of the drug and can be useful for the reduction dose frequency as well as adverse effect with better patient compliance.

Bioaccumulation of lead, chromium, and nickel by bacteria from three different genera isolated from industrial effluent.

The potential of indigenous bacterial strains to accumulate three metals (Cr, Ni, Pb) was exploited here to remediate the polluted environment. In the present study, metal resistance profiles identified three most potential isolates which could tolerate 700-1000μg/ml of Ni, 500-1000μg/ml of Cr, and 1000-1600μg/ml of Pb. These three bacterial strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. MB339, Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361, and Staphylococcus sp. MB371. UV-Visible and atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis revealed gradual increase in percentage accumulation with increase in time due to increased biomass. Quantitative assessments exhibited maximum removal of Cr (83.51%) by Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361, Pb (85.30%), and Ni (48.78%) by Stenotrophomonas MB339, at neutral pH and 37°C, whereas Staphylococcus sp. MB371 sorbed 88.33% of Pb at slightly acidic pH. The present study therefore supports the effective utilization of indigenous bacteria for comprehensive treatment of metal-rich industrial effluents.

Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological potential of green synthesized copper nanoparticles.

The phenomenal and astonishing properties and their different application in the field of pharmaceutical made copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) to be in the spotlight of the researcher's focus. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were biologically synthesized with the aqueous extract of the flower Millettia pinnata, and their corresponding characteristics were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and SAED analysis. Copper acetate was reduced to copper nanoparticles and is confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis. The maximum absorption occurring at 384nm at the visible spectrum of UV rays confirms the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles. The result of the FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the nanoparticles complements the involvement of organic mioties of the flower extract in the synthesis. The synthesized particles were extremely durable, spherical with the average particle size in the range of 23 ± 1.10nm. The Cu-NPs exhibited greater inhibition on DPPH radical and nitric oxide scavenging activities. The biologically synthesized Cu-NPs was receptive to the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well. The Cu-NPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity using albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization. The present study is the first effort done to synthesize of Cu-NPs from the extract of M. pinnata flower. Consequently, to authenticate the results and to establish the antioxidant, antibacterial, an anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent, in vivo studies are made in the molecular level.

Antiviral potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea.

BackgroundViral and microbial infections constitute one of the most important life-threatening problems. The emergence of new viral and bacterial infectious diseases increases the demand for new therapeutic drugs.PurposeThe objective of this study was to use the aqueous and hexane extracts of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea F. Aizoaceae for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and to investigate its possible antiviral activity. In addition to the investigation of the phytochemical composition of the crude methanolic extracts of the two plants through UPLC-MS metabolomic profiling, and it was followed by molecular docking in order to explore the chemical compounds that might contribute to the antiviral potential.MethodsThe formation of SNPs was further confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antiviral activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay against HSV-1, HAV-10 virus and Coxsackie B4 virus. Metabolomics profiling was performed using UPLC-MS and molecular docking was performed via Autodock4 and visualization was done using the Discovery studio.ResultsThe early signs of SNPs synthesis were detected by a color change from yellow to reddish brown color. The TEM analysis of SNPs showed spherical nanoparticles with mean size ranges between 10.12 nm to 27.89 nm, and 8.91 nm 14.48 nm for Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea aqueous and hexane extracts respectively. The UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis showed an absorption peak at λmax of 417 nm.The green synthesized SNPs of L. coccineus and M. lutea showed remarkable antiviral activity against HSV-1, HAV-10, and CoxB4 virus. Metabolomics profiling of the methanolic extract of L. coccineus and M. lutea resulted in identifying 12 compounds. The docking study predicted the patterns of interactions between the compounds of L. coccineus and M. lutea with herpes simplex thymidine kinase, hepatitis A 3c proteinase, and Coxsackievirus B4 3c protease, which was similar to those of the co-crystal inhibitors and this can provide a supposed explanation for the antiviral activity of the aqueous and nano extracts of L. coccineus and M. lutea.ConclusionThese results highlight that SNPs of L. coccineus and M. lutea could have antiviral activity against HSV-1, HAV-10, and CoxB4 virus.

A waste to worth approach in preparing Ferric vanadate Nanoparticles using peel extract for photocatalytic dye degradation induced by UV light

Photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue dye (MB) under obvious light has been examined utilizing Ferric Vanadate nanoparticles (FV NPs). The photocatalyst was prepared by using various natural product peel waste (Pomegranate, Apple, Grapes, Orange and Banana (PAGOB)). The physico- and opto-chemical properties of prepared Ferric Vanadate nanoparticles (FV NPs) were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and High-resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HRSEM). UV–vis spectrophotometric analysis was used to study the rate of photocatalytic degradation of the dye measuring the optical density at regular time intervals. The factors influencing the photocatalytic degradation viz. effect of pH, the concentration of the dye, the quantity of photocatalyst (FV NPs) and the effect of light intensity on the rate of photocatalytic response was investigated under ideal conditions. The outcome demonstrates that degradation achieved 99% under ideal conditions.

Assessment of cytotoxicity and immune compatibility of phytochemicals-mediated biosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Cynara scolymus.

The study was focused on the phytochemicals-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts and infusions from Cynara scolymus. To identify the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content, the 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Folin-Ciocalteau methods were applied, respectively. The formation and stability of the reduced silver ions were monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The particle sizes of the silver nanoparticles were characterised using the dynamic light scattering technique and scanning electron microscope. The phase composition of the obtained silver nanoparticles was characterised by X-ray diffraction. The silver nanoparticles suspension, artichoke infusion, and silver ions were separately tested towards potential cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effect using mouse fibroblasts and human monocytes cell line, respectively. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and infusion were found significantly higher as compared to aqueous extract and infusion. The UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis revealed the presence of the characteristic absorption band of the Ag nanoparticles. Moreover, it was found that with the increasing volume of plant extract, the average size of particles was increased. Biocompatibility results evidently showed that silver nanoparticles do not induce monocyte activation, however in order to avoid their cytotoxicity suspension at a concentration <2 ppm should be applied.

Synthesis of AgNPs Using Flowers Exhibiting Different Photoresponse

Biological synthesis or green synthesis of nanoparticles has proven to be cost effective, rapid and safe. Flowers exhibit different colours due to wavelength selective absorption and light scattering. In this study, four differently coloured flowers, i.e. Bauhinia purpurea – Fabaceae, Couroupita guianensis – Lecithydaceae, Gerbera jamesonii – Asteraceae and Gomphrena globosa – Amaranthaceae were studied for their potency to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis of the aqueous extracts of B. purpurea, C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa flowers recorded their respective peaks at 562, 498, 524 and 548 nm in response to their pigments. The synthesized silver particles were characterized through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive electron spectroscopy, particle size analyzer and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The resonance peak in the UV-Vis spectrum was recorded at 430, 420, 445 and 435 nm respectively, for the AgNPs synthesized using B. purpurea, C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa. SEM analysis revealed the size range of 107-498 nm for B. purpurea, 15-75 nm for C. guianensis, 17-51 nm for G. jamesonii and 20-91 nm for G. globosa. The presence of silver was confirmed by EDS. The silver particles synthesized using the extracts of B. purpurea, C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa showed the average size as 431.3, 71.51, 30.11 and 33.93 nm as assessed through PSA. FTIR studies confirmed the involvement of O-H, N-H, C-C=C, N=O, -NO2 and C-O stretches. In the present study, the silver particles synthesized by C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa were in the nanoscale, whereas those synthesized by B. purpurea were in microscale. The synthesis of AgNPs is attributed to the pigments or the metabolites present in the floral extracts. Further studies on the potential of flowers exhibiting different photoresponse in the synthesis of nanoparticles are recommended.

Optimised Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet Over 1wt% MgO-ZnO Composite Catalyst

Crystal violet is a member of toxic, environmentally ubiquitous basic dyes that must be eliminated. In this paper, the performance of 1wt % MgO-ZnO suspensions in the photocatalytic degradation of this dye is reported. The catalyst was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation and mineralization of crystal violet were monitored UV-Visible spectrophotometer and total organic carbon analyzer. The XRD analysis of the catalyst revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The effect of operating variables such as initial crystal violet concentration, catalyst concentration and pH of the solution was optimized using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. The degradation model was statistically remarkable with p<0.0001%. The maximum degradation efficiency of prepared catalyst was found to be 95 %. The degradation kinetics agreed with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. However, only 60% of total crystal violet-based organic carbon was removed from the solution due to recalcitrance of this environmentally important compound.

Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoid dari Fraksi Amil Alkohol Daun Mangga Golek (Mangifera indica L. cv. Golek)

Mango plant (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit plant with high nutrition in the Anacardiaceae family. One of the several varieties of mango plants spread throughout Indonesia, namely mango golek. This study aims to obtain flavonoid isolates and find out the types of flavonoids in the leaves of mango golek. In this study, maceration was carried out to obtain ethanol extract, then followed by phytochemical tests, removal of chlorophyll using distilled water (1: 1), hydrolysis using 2N HCl, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and amyl alcohol. In the amyl alcohol fraction, flavonoid was separated using gravity column chromatography with a mixture of eluent n-butanol:n-hexane:methanol (4:2:1). Phytochemical tests showed positive results for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones and flavonoids. UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis provides absorption at a wavelength of 263 nm while FTIR analysis showed the presence of O-H, C=O, C-O-C aliphatic, and C-O alcohol groups. LC-MS/MS instrument analysis showed m/z of 300 which is the molecular mass of isoflavone compound.

ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDE PRESERVATIVES IN WET ANCHOVY (Stolephorus Sp.) FROM TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN MAKASSAR CITY, SOUTH SULAWESI

Food preservatives are very important ingredients in improving the quality and production of processed foods. However there are various presenvatives and such preservatives such as formaldehide are not allowed. This study aims to determine the content of preservatives in fresh anchovy (stolephorus sp.) from the traditional market of Makassar City South Sulawesi. Formaldehyde preservatives is identified by qualitative and quantitative test, qualitative formaldehyde was tested using Schryver reagent using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analysis method. The result of qualitative analysis showed that all samples contained formaldehyde, with the concentration value of 0.2702ppm; 0.1307ppm; 0.0871ppm in Daya Market A; Daya Market B; Daya Market C samples, respectively. The content of 0.1612ppm; 0.2223ppm; 0,1525ppm in Antang Market A; Antang Market B; Antang Market C samples, respectively. The content of 0,1918ppm;0,0087ppm; 0.2877ppm in Terong Market A; Terong Market B; Terong Market C, samples, respectively and the content of 0.1394ppm; 0.1961ppm; 0,0043, in Pa’baeng-baeng Market A; Pa’baeng-baeng Market B; Pa’baeng-baeng Market C samples, respectively. The lowest formaldehyde level was found in Terong Market C with level of 0.0087ppm and the highest formaldehyde level was in Pa’baeng-baeng Market C with the level of 0.2877ppm.

Removal of Hazardous Brilliant Cresyl Blue Dye Utilizing Aluminum Oxide as Photocatalyst

Photocatalytic degradation of brilliant cresyl blue stain has been done by irradiating the solution pigment with a solar light in presence of aluminum oxide. The effect of important reaction has included many parameters such as catalyst mass, the initial concentration of brilliant cresyl blue dye, the effect of temperature, and initial P has been investigated in a batch reactor. All experiments are determined by usage of UV-visible spectrophotometer analyzer. The optimal concentration of catalytic has observed at 0.17 g/100 cm3 while the typical concentration of stain was recorded at 50 mg/cm3. Photocatalytic break down of shining cresyl blue pigment was favorable in the Ph 10 and 8.44 mW/cm2 light intensity. This type of degradation of the present dye study has obeyed the pseudo-first-order reaction. Photocatalytic degradation of brilliant cresyl blue dye has studied by using various concentrations of aluminum oxide. This concentration was suspended in an aqueous solution of dye which has irradiated by solar radiation in a vessel reactor at room temperature with 10 cm3/min air bubble was passed through the solution.

Aflatoxin B1 Determination in Peanuts by Magnetic Nanoparticle–Based Immunofluorescence Assay

A sensitive immunofluorescence assay for rapid AFB1 determination was developed. Polyclonal anti-AFB1 antibody was immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The optimal amount of immobilized antibody was found—40 μg antibody per 1 mg MNPs. The conjugate of AFB1 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate was prepared. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometric analyses of the obtained conjugate proved the successful conjugate formation. Optimal amount of MNPs with immobilized antibody (0.25 mg) and the optimal concentration of fluorescent conjugate of AFB1 (28 μg/mL) were established. A competitive assay of AFB1 was performed. The toxin solubility and stability were optimal for the assay when using buffer solution with 10% methanol. It was found that the sensitivity of the developed AFB1 assay was significantly higher with 0.1% BSA stabilizing AFB1 solutions. The linear range of the proposed method was 2–100 pg/mL. The immunoassay was applied for determination of AFB1 in spiked peanuts.

Aerobic Degradation of Clothianidin to 2-Chloro-methyl Thiazole and Methyl 3-(Thiazole-yl) Methyl Guanidine Produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri smk.

Overuse of pesticides in agriculture may harm environmental and agricultural yields. Sustainable maintenance of soil fertility and management of the environment have become a concern due to the persistence of pesticides in the soil. Microbes have various mechanisms for the bioremediation of persistent organic pollutants from the environment. A bacterium that degrades clothianidin was isolated from the pesticide and applied to agricultural soil by the enrichment technique. The identity of the bacterium was determined by studying morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The ability to metabolize clothianidin was confirmed using UV-visible spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and spectroscopic analyses. A Gram-negative bacterium, designated smk, isolated from clothianidin-contaminated soil was confirmed to be a member of Pseudomonas stutzeri. The biodegradation of clothianidin was studied using P. stutzeri smk. Approximately 62% degradation of clothianidin was achieved within two weeks when grown at 30°C and pH 7. The effects of various physicochemical parameters, including pH, temperature, and clothianidin concentrations, on catabolic rates were studied. The biodegradation studies using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, HPLC, FTIR, and LC-MS indicated the production of the following metabolites: 2-chloro-5-methyl thiazole (CMT), methyl nitroguanidine (MNG), methyl 3-[thiazole-yl], and methyl guanidine (TMG). Identification of specific degradation metabolites indicates that bioremediation of toxic neonicotinoid insecticides may be achieved by application of P. stutzeri smk.

Carotenoid Pigments of Red, Green and Brown Macroalgae Species as Potential Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is a substance used in a finished pharmaceutical product, intended to furnish pharmacological activity or contribute direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease. It also provides a direct effect in restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions in human beings. Macroalgae, also known as seaweed, are plant-like organisms that can be found in a marine habitat. Macroalgae has been given huge concern because of its high nutritional value and short-term growth, which is only 45 days per cycle. Therefore, three red macroalgae species of Eucheuma denticulatum, Gracilaria tikvahiae and Kappaphycus striatum), as well as green and brown macroalgae species of Caulerpa lentillifera and Padina pavonica were selected to determine their carotenoids content and composition by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC analysis. The main carotenoids identified in red, green and brown macroalgae species were zeaxanthin, lutein, ?-carotene and violaxanthin. Marked differences were observed between red, green and brown macroalgae carotenoids content and composition. Zeaxanthin and ?-carotene were detected in all red, green and brown macroalgae ranged from 3.61 to 21.30 ?g/g DW and 2.44 to 10.70 ?g/g DW respectively. Violaxanthin was found only in green macroalgae (8.93 ?g/g DW) whereas lutein was found only in red macroalgae (9.57 to 38.60 ?g/g DW). In terms of total carotenoid content, green macroalgae contained the highest amount of carotenoid (100.89 ± 14.71 ?g/g DW). The significant outcome of the research will be new natural carotenoid pigment sources as potential active pharmaceutical ingredients which can be beneficial to halal health-promoting products industry.

Stability of Nanocomposite Edible Films Based on Polysaccharides and Vitamin C from Agroindustrial Residue

The agroindustrial residue from the production of acerola pulp is rich in residual vitamin C. Thus, aiming its extraction and stabilization, this work proposed the nanoparticle (NP) encapsulation via ionic gelation with subsequent preparation of nanocomposites (NC) film based on galactomannan matrix. NP were characterized and their stabilities were evaluated under different storage conditions (incidence of light, temperature and oxidizing atmosphere). The results by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated homogeneous morphology, spherical shape and size of ~220 nm. Regarding the stability, the UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis showed a much lower degradation rate for encapsulated vitamin C, resulting in more than 30% of preservation compared with the non-encapsulated systems at the end of 15th day of storage. In agreement, the NC films also resulted in preservation of vitamin C mainly for the test in high temperature, which maintained about 80% of the initial concentration, whereas in the non-encapsulated condition this value fell to 45%. The morphological analysis of these films by SEM indicated good distribution of the NP in the galactomannan matrix. Thus, the results indicate the feasibility of using the encapsulation method to stabilize vitamin C extracted from the agroindustrial residue of acerola.

The effect of two different polymeric-coated magnetite nano-graphene oxide as 5-fluorouracil carrier and radiofrequency hyperthermia on colon cancer in vitro

Introduction: Colon carcinoma is one of the most common form of cancer that affects the health and lives of people. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) has become useful as synergistically therapy with other antitumor agents in a colon cancer therapy. Short half-life, wide distribution and different side effects of 5-Fu limit its medical applicability. In this study, we have investigated the drug release and the requisite time of hyperthermia of PCL-Chitosan coated magnetite nano-graphene oxide (SPION-NGO-PCL-Chitosan) and PLGA-coated magnetite nano- graphene oxide core (SPION-NGO-PLGA) as carriers of 5-Fu on CT26 colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The in vitro 5-Fu release from nanoparticles was performed by the diffusion method. A weighed amount of nanoparticle was suspended in PBS and next transferred into a dialysis bag. The bag was placed into 12mL PBS at different temperature conditions (37 and 43°C) under pH=7.4 as a release medium. The released 5-Fu concentration was measured using a UV visible spectrophotometer analysis at 265 nm. In order to obtain the requisite time of radiofrequency hyperthermia using AMF at 43oC, 5×105 CT26 cells were seeded in T-25 flasks. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with 50.24 μg/mL of 5-FU-SPION-NGO-PLGA or 14.4 μg/mL 5-Fu-SPION-NGO-PCL-Chitosan nanoparticles (equivalent to about 1 μΜ of 5-Fu) for 24 hours. After 24h, the cells were washed twice with PBS and the culture medium was replaced with a fresh medium. Finally, the cells were irradiated with the alternative magnetic field (power of 50 W) (Basafan, Iran). Moreover, control samples without NPs treatment were prepared and irradiated with AMF. Temperature variations of the cells were evaluated with a digital infrared (IR) thermal camera (Testo 875-1i, Germany) during AMF irradiation. Results: The results show that 5-Fu was released from PLGA-coated NPs and PCL-chitosan- coated NPs to the extent of 41.36% and 75.84% within approximately 24 h at 37oC, respectively. Total release from 5-Fu-SPION-NGOPLGA and 5-Fu-SPION-NGO-PCL-Chitosan at 37oC over 7 days was 57% and 81%, respectively. The 5-Fu release within 4h was equivalent to 71% for PLGA-coated NPs and 97% for PCL-chitosan-coated NPs at 43°C. To evaluate the requisite time of hyperthermia at 43oC, treated flasks with nanoparticles were irradiated with AMF and monitored with IR camera. Finally, As observed, the increasing temperature profiles of the cells as a function of time. The mean temperature of the cells irradiated to AMF was increased to 43°C at 17, 6 and 5 minutes for control, SPION-NGO-PCL-chitosan, and SPION-NGO-PLGA groups, respectively. Conclusion: According to this study, SPION-NGO-PCL-chitosan NP and SPION-NGO-PLGA NP as 5-Fluorouracil carriers and AMF hyperthermia increased the effect of the hyperthermia which lead to lower dosages of drugs that could induce harmful side effects.

Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, ADMET and drug-Likeness analysis: Electrochemical and biological activities of metal complexes of 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one

Coordination compounds of 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one were synthesized by the reaction of Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) salts in molar ratio 1: 1 in basic media. The compounds formed were characterized using infrared, Uv–vis spectrophotometric analyses, mass spectrometry, elemental analyses and NMR spectroscopy. It was concluded that 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one coordinated as a mono ligand for all the complexes; it also coordinated via the two carbonyl moieties. The electrochemical behavior of these compounds was determined by cyclic voltammetry. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The complexes exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and good antioxidant activity. Parameters drug-likeness and ADME properties are calculated.

Optimization of silver nanoparticle biosynthesis process using cell-free filtrate of Aspergillus niger

Nanotechnology and nanoparticle (NPs) research has attracted a lot of interest in recent decades, and there is growing attention to find more effective ways for their synthesis. The use of biological organism as bionanofactories provides a clean and promising alternative process for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles. This study confirmed the production of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) by a cost effective, safe and environment-friendly technique using silver nitrate and cell free filtrate of the fungus Aspergillus niger as the reducing agent. The optimization of different parameters, including the culture media, pH, reaction temperature, concentration of silver nitrate solution and reduction time, were carried out to achieve better control of size, shape, stability, and to increase the yield of SNPs production. The UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger cell-free filtrate showed characteristic surface plasmon absorption peak at 420 nm. The presence of proteins as viable reducing agents for the formation and stability of SNPs was recorded using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) .Further scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph showed the formation of spherical, well-dispersed nanoparticles with size ranging between 15 and 50 nm in diameter. The element composition of the mixture sample was obtained from the Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDX). It concluded that the optimum condition for biosynthesis of SNPs were the use of Potato dextrose broth medium at pH 9, 30°C for 120 h with 1mM silver nitrate.