UV-visible Light Absorption Research Articles

Theoretical investigation of Ga-corrole based dyes with different spatial structure for dye-sensitized solar cells

In order to investigate the effect of spatial arrangement of donor-acceptor group on gallium corroles for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), this work had designed three new gallium corrole dye isomers C1-3 based on Ga-corrole dye C0. Their geometric structures, electronic structures, optical properties, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics and the interactions with TiO2 clusters had been examined by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The results showed that the C1-3 dye molecules have good planarity, suitable HOMO-LUMO energy gap and strong UV–visible light absorption. Moreover, the dye molecule C2 has better charge separation and more favorable intramolecular charge transfer, showing that it is more helpful to improve the intermolecular charge transfer of gallium corrole dyes when the electron donor and acceptor are linked at the parallel meso-positions of the corrole macrocycle.

Pd loading, Mn+ (n=1, 2, 3) metal ions doped TiO2 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production and reaction mechanism

Pd nanoparticles (NPs) loading, main group metal ions doped TiO 2 nanosheets were prepared by a hydrothermal method, followed by photo-deposition of Pd. The samples were characterized, and their photocatalytic hydrogen production activities were tested in a methanol aqueous solution. The effects of cationic charge, radius and concentration of the doping ions (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ ) on the photocatalytic activities were investigated systematically. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism was discussed by considering the three aspects: specific surface area, light absorption and charge transfer/separation. The results show that the cation dopings significantly increased the photocatalytic activities of the TiO 2 nanosheets, which may be attributed to the enhanced UV-vis light absorption and accelerated charge transfer/separation of the catalysts. Particularly, the Pd/0.2%K + -TiO 2 possesses the highest photocatalytic H 2 production activity (76.6 μmol h −1 ), which is more than twofold higher than that of the undoped Pd/TiO 2 . The apparent quantum efficiency of hydrogen evolution system reaches 3.0% at 365 nm. The high activity of the Pd/K + -TiO 2 may be attributed to the lower electronegativity of K + , caused by the lower cationic charge or the larger cationic radius, compared to Na + , Mg 2+ and Al 3+ . The doping metal cations with higher electronegativity may compete electrons with H + , which eventually partly depressed the reduction of H + to H 2 . • Pd loading main group metal ions doped TiO 2 nanosheets were synthesized. • Effects of cation charge, radius and content on photocatalytic activity were explored. • Photocatalytic H 2 evolution mechanism was discussed based on experimental results. • 0.2% K + doping increased the H 2 production efficiency by more than two times. • Enhanced light absorption and charge transfer due to M + doping led to higher activity.

Boosted microwave absorption properties of CoFe2O4 with extraordinary 3D morphologies

Due to their strong magnetic dissipation and low cost, ferrites were one of the first generations of microwave absorbers. However, ferrites also have some drawbacks, such as a low natural resonance frequency (fr), a lack of dielectric loss, and high density. In order to overcome these drawbacks and improve the microwave dissipation features of ferrites, we successfully prepared CoFe2O4 samples with flower-like and crochet ball-like morphologies (named as M1 and M2 samples, respectively). Structural and optical properties were studied by XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis light absorption. The microwave performance of CoFe2O4 was significantly improved with the reflection loss (RL) of M2 of −40 dB. Furthermore, M1 and M2 samples achieved an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 13 and 12.5 GHz, respectively. It is worth noticing that the EAB of M1 was one of the largest EABs for CoFe2O4 that has been reported so far. The excellent microwave dissipation of M1 and M2 samples in the 2–18 GHz frequency range was due to the enhancement of ferrite fr to the high-frequency range and the introduction of dielectric loss to achieve impedance matching. The flower-like and crochet ball-like morphologies with many pores of M1 and M2 also resolved the high-density issue of CoFe2O4. With the relatively good values of RL and EAB combined with low filler loading, thin thickness, and low density, M1 and M2 samples could be expected to be promising microwave absorbers for practical applications.

Stressing the differences in alizarin and purpurin dyes through UV-visible light absorption and 1H-NMR spectroscopies.

Three anthraquinone-based chromophores (9,10-anthraquinone, alizarin, purpurin) are compared from the point of view of their experimental and computed NMR and UV-visible light absorption spectra. Using a hybrid (explicit/implicit) solvent model, each proton chemical shift can be reproduced with an error of less than 7%, even when such protons are engaged in inter-molecular hydrogen bonds with the solvent or when the analyzed sample contains a significant amount of impurities, for instance, 9,10-anthraquinone in purpurin. All the steady-state UV-visible absorption spectra feature a significant vibrational progression in the first absorption band. The shape of the corresponding computed spectra, including vibronic couplings obtained with the adiabatic Hessian approach and the Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller approximation of the transition dipole, are in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. The importance and the nature of the vibronic couplings are different for the three molecules, even if they only differ by the number of hydroxyl groups.

Systematic preparation and physical property characterization of a novel stable BiOIO3 nanofluids

Nanofluids due to their good thermal conductivity and stability, have been proposed as a way to surpass the performance of currently available heat transfer fluids in the near future. In this work?we focuses on the preparation of nanofluids with excellent stability and thermal conductivity, which a new type of stable BiOIO3 (one type of infrared nonlinear optical crystal) nanofluids is successfully prepared by using the two-step method. After the initial physical characterization of BiOIO3 particles, five different dispersants are used to disperse the BiOIO3 nanoparticles, and the best performing nanofluids with a zeta potential value of 144.45 and an average particle size of 22.90nm could be prepared with PVP dispersant. Furthermore, the addition of PVP dispersant in UV-Visible experiments smooth the light absorption curve of the nanofluids, reach a peak of 1.1 at around 350 nm. In the most important thermal conductivity test, the value of thermal conductivity of BiOIO3 nanofluid becomes larger with increasing concentration at 50?C, reaching a maximum value of 1.52 at 0.134vol%, which increases by 0.72 over the same volume concentration of TiO2, indicating the importance of the laminar structure. In view of the excellent properties, new laminar structured nanofluids with light-absorbing properties are expected to receive more attention and exploration in the future

Characterization of glucose-crosslinked gelatin films reinforced with chitin nanowhiskers for active packaging development

To find renewable and sustainable alternatives to reduce the severe environmental impact of single-use synthetic plastic packaging, glucose-crosslinked gelatin films containing different amounts of chitin nanowhiskers (CNWs) were prepared. CNWs were first prepared by acid hydrolysis of chitin from shrimps, and characterized (morphological and thermal properties), before their addition into film-forming formulations. The films were heat-treated to promote the chemical crosslinking Maillard reaction (MR), between glucose and gelatin. The films then became less soluble (from 100% to ∼10%), thermally more stable, had a notably improved UV–vis light absorption capacity, and presented significantly enhanced tensile strength (from 42 to 77 MPa) and Young's modulus (from 1476 to 2921 MPa), however, they also became less flexible (from 17% to 7%) and transparent. These property alterations were mainly related to changes in crystallinity, the MR and to a lesser extent, to the formation of noncovalent (electrostatic and hydrogen bonding) interactions between CNWs and gelatin. Furthermore, due to the formation of MR products, the films turned yellow/dark brown and released antioxidant compounds (inhibition ∼33%) while immersed in water, which gave the films their active properties (stabilization of free radicals). These films have considerable potential as reinforced active packaging films for renewable food packaging applications.

Effect of the π-bridge on the light absorption and emission in push-pull coumarins and on their supramolecular organization

A family of eight π-extended push–pull coumarins with cross-conjugated (amide) and directly conjugated (p-phenylene, alkyne, alkene) bridges were synthesized through a convergent strategy. Using an experimentally calibrated computational protocol, their UV–Visible light absorption and emission spectra in solution were investigated. Remarkably, amide-, alkyne- and alkene-bridges undergo comparable vertical excitations. The different nature of these bridges manifests during excited-state relaxation and fluorescence. We predict that these molecules can serve as building blocks for p-type semiconductors with low reorganization energies, below 0.2 eV. Since solid-state self-assembly is crucial for this application, we examined the effect of the π-bridge over the supramolecular organization in this family of compounds to determine if stacking prevails in these π-extended coumarin derivatives. Amide and alkyne spacers allow coplanar conformations which crystallize readily; p-phenylene hinders planarity yet allows facile crystallization; alkene-bridged molecules eluded all crystallization attempts. All the crystals obtained feature dense face-to-face π-stacking with 3.5–3.7 Å interlayer distances, expected to facilitate charge transfer processes in the solid state.

Oxygen-vacancy-enhanced piezo-photocatalytic performance of AgNbO3

Piezo-photocatalysis (implement by ultrasound vibration and UV-vis light irradiation), a new-emerging strategy, can suppress the rapid recombination of electrons and holes to enhance the catalytic performance. The modulation of interface structures (e.g., the introduction of oxygen vacancies, OVs) plays a significant role in the charge-transfer and the catalytic activity. In this paper, the AgNbO3 (ANO) powder was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Based on this, we introduce OVs into ANO successfully by annealing in N2 (ANO-N2). The ANO-N2 with OVs exhibits much better piezo-photocatalytic activity for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) than the ANO. The result found that OVs can narrow the band gap and improve the UV-vis light absorption, and most importantly, promote the separation of electron hole pairs under electric field to enhance the piezo-photocatalytic performance. The work thus supplies an in-depth understanding of the mechanism between OVs and piezo-photocatalytic performance.

Eu3+ doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheets fabricated via hydrothermal-calcination route and their superior performance for aqueous volatile phenols removal

(1) Background The discharge of volatile phenols, e.g., phenol, 2-methyl phenol, 3-methyl phenol, and 4-methyl phenol, into the aquatic system represents a main source of environmental contamination due to their high toxicity. Detoxication of phenol molecules from polluted water through photocatalytic degradation process is reported to be a mild and effective technology. (2) Methods In this study, to effectively remove these aqueous volatile phenols, a powerful photocatalyst, namely Eu3+doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheets, was prepared via a hydrothermal-calcination process. The novel Eu3+doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheets were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV–vis DRS, FT-IR, PL and photoelectricity test. Under xenon lamp light illumination, Eu/Bi2MoO6 was used to degrade the volatile phenols. (3) Significant findings The results showed that the doping of Eu3+ into Bi2MoO6 crystals induced a distortion of Bi2MoO6 lattice and a decrease in crystalline grain size. Eu3+ doping also reduced the energy gap of Bi2MoO6 and increased its UV–Vis light absorption. Moreover, the doped Eu3+could act as electron traps to decrease the recombination rate of the e−/h+ pairs. The doping of Eu3+ with optimum content (ཞ2% molar ratio of Eu3+ to Bi3+) gave a rise two times increase in activity for phenols decomposition.

Green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and the effect of annealing temperature on their physiochemical and biological properties

The cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) were synthesized via the green method using Piper nigrum (P. nigrum) leaves extract and were calcined at different temperatures. The crystalline nature was studied through x-ray diffractometer (XRD). With increasing calcination, the amorphous phase transitioned to the crystalline phase. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to observe UV-Visible light absorbance phenomenon, and Tauc’s plot was used to calculate the band gap energy, which was found to decrease with calcination. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to classify the surface functional groups. The antibacterial efficacy of the Co3O4 NPs was examined against Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), whereas its antioxidant potential was explored against ABTS free radicals. Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of Co3O4 NPs were found to decrease with increasing calcination.

Optical and magnetic properties of perovskite materials: Ba0.3La0.7Ti0.3Fe0.7O3 and Ba0.1La0.9Ti0.1Fe0.9O3

Structural, optical and magnetic properties are reported for new synthesized perovskite materials. Ba0.3La0.7Ti0.3Fe0.7O3 and Ba0.1La0.9Ti0.1Fe0.9O3 compositions were prepared via solid state reaction. X-ray analysis confirms that both compositions show feature of perovskite structure. Rietveld refinement method was used to confirm the phase formation and investigate the structure and space group. The study demonstrates the formation of orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group for Ba0.3La0.7Ti0.3Fe0.7O3 while the composition Ba0.1La0.9Ti0.1Fe0.9O3 structure adopts Pbnm symmetry. UV–vis spectroscopy measurements show very broad and intense UV–visible light absorption, the estimated band gap ranges between 2.07 and 2.15 eV. Magnetic measurements were carried out for the compositions Ba0.3La0.7Ti0.3Fe0.7O3 and Ba0.1La0.9Ti0.1Fe0.9O3. The hysteresis loops of both samples at 300 and 10 K show a strong ferromagnetic behavior. The temperature dependent magnetization at 0.05 T under field-cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) modes shows magnetic frustration or spin glass-like behavior.

Synthesis and characterization of novel fluoroterphenyls: self-assembly of low-molecular-weight fluorescent organogel.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution has been highly para selective on a range of functionalized pentafluorobenzenes. Here, we demonstrate the utility of nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry for the preparation of fluorinated fluorescent low-molecular-weight organogels. The molecular design, synthesis and photophysical performance of a new class of thermoreversible and fluorescent low-molecular-weight organogels from para-alkoxy-functionalized fluorinated terphenyls are described. Both CuI-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry were used for the preparation of those highly fluorinated gelators in high yields and excellent purity via simple filtration, from the corresponding potassium fluorobenzoate salts and aryl iodides. Various fluorinated symmetrical and asymmetrical para terphenyls were prepared with various para terminal alkoxy tails. Those fluorinated terphenyls were characterized using X-ray crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as 1 H, 13 C, and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance. UV-visible light absorbance and emission spectra of those new materials displayed a solvatochromic and solvatofluorochromic behaviour, respectively. Self-assembly of the produced fluorinated terphenyls occurred via cooperative π-π stacking and van der Waals interactions, which resulted in gelating various organic solvents. Scanning electron microscopy displayed the formation of fibre-like nanostructures. The cytotoxicity of some selected fluorinated symmetrical and asymmetrical para terphenyls was explored.

Preparation of g-C3N4/diatomite composite with improved visible light photocatalytic activity

With the aid of mixing melamine and diatomite in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, g-C3N4/diatomite (CN/DE-X, X = 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, which represented the mass ratio of melamine to diatomite) composites were synthesized by calcining the mixture at 550℃ for 2 h. Samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum, and photoluminescence spectrum, etc. Rhodamine B (RhB) was used as trial pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of CN/DE-X composites. The results reveal that CN/DE-X composite is composed of g-C3N4 and diatomite. The photocatalytic activities of CN/DE-X composites are much better than that of pure g-C3N4 and varied with X. CN/DE-10 composite owns the best photocatalytic property in this study, which prohibited the agglomeration of g-C3N4 and had a specific surface area of 47.03 m2/g. 100 mg CN/DE-10 degraded more than 95% of RhB solution (10 mg/L, 100 mL) in 50 min, and its reaction rate constant was about 6.4 times that of pure g-C3N4. CN/DE-10 presents satisfactory stability and reusability since it degraded 90.01% of RhB molecules after 5 cycles of photocatalytic reaction. The outstanding photocatalytic performance of CN/DE-10 is attributed to the enhanced specific surface area, improved UV–Vis light absorption ability, narrowed band gap, reduced recombination rate of the photo-generated electrons and holes, which are brought about by the evenly anchoring of large amount of g-C3N4 on the surface of diatomite.

Microwave hydrothermal fabrication of 3D hierarchical Br/Bi2WO6 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for Rhodamine B and tetracycline degradation.

Basing on the unique advantages of uniform and rapid volumetric heating of microwave irradiation, microwave hydrothermal method has been used to fabricate Br/Bi2WO6 for streamlining the preparation procedure and enhancing the photocatalytic activity. The results indicated that Br was successfully introduced into the lattice of Bi2WO6, which improved the absorption ability of visible light. Moreover, Br/Bi2WO6 exhibited smaller size and the enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers as compared with Bi2WO6. Br/Bi2WO6 exhibited superior reusability and photocatalytic activity of Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC). Furthermore, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Br/Bi2WO6 was mainly ascribed to the increased specific surface area, wide UV-vis light absorption range, and high separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers originating from Br doping and microwave heating.

Analysis of Advanced Glycation End products in ribose-, glucose- and lactose-crosslinked gelatin to correlate the physical changes induced by Maillard reaction in films

The Maillard reaction (MR), a condensation reaction between carbonyl-containing and free amino-containing compounds, has attracted the interest of scientists within the food industry, nutrition & health, and materials science. However, due to the complexity of the reaction much remains to be clarified regarding the nature of the reaction products and their effect on the properties of protein/saccharide-containing products. In this work, gelatin-based films with various saccharides (glucose, lactose & ribose) and thermally crosslinked (105 °C) for different times (0, 2, 6, 24 h), were analysed to deliver deeper insight into the molecular transformations induced by MR and their effect on the physical properties of films, considered as complex systems. Coloured, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) light-absorbing, crosslinked, and fluorescent compounds were analysed by colourimetry, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, solubility, as well as fluorescence spectroscopy. The colour of the films turned pale yellow and dark brown, the solubility decreased, while the UV–Vis light absorption capacity of the films significantly increased as the heating time increased. Rapid and simultaneous separation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) on a silica hydride column, and their detection using high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) showed an increment in high molecular weight (HMW) compounds and gelatin crosslinking, which was related to the formation of AGEs. Of these, pentosidine, vesperlysine, GOLD and MOLD were quantified, while crossline and glucosepane were also detected. More noticeable physical and molecular changes were observed as the saccharide reactivity increased, which was indirectly related to the molecular size of the added saccharides: pentoses > hexoses > disaccharides.

Fabrication and Stabilization of Oxidized Carbon Black Nanoparticle Dispersion in Aqueous Solution for Photothermal Conversion Enhancement.

This study aims to explore oxidized carbon black nanoparticles (OCB-NPs) capped with an inorganic surfactant dispersed in water, as a carbon black water-based nanofluid, on photothermal conversion enhancement. We used ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy and zeta potential analyzers to identify the optimal concentration of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as an inorganic surfactant for OCB-NPs in order to determine the maximum value of UV–vis light absorption and absolute zeta potential. Then, the concentrations of 0.025–0.1 wt % OCB water-based nanofluid with SHMP were formulated by an ultrasonic bath for the examination of rheological behavior, thermal conductivity, and heating rate. The results indicated that the heating rate improvement of the water-based nanofluid involving 0.1 wt % OCB-capped with SHMP after irradiation by UV–vis light with wavelengths ranging from 220 to 380 nm, which is included in the solar spectrum, and an intensity of 205 W/m2 increased by approximately 66%, compared to the base fluid in the cyclic flow system. Furthermore, after a 1 month storage period, the dispersion stabilization of water-based nanofluid including 0.1 wt % OCB-capped with SHMP reached 98%, as estimated by the UV–vis spectrophotometer.

Solar-active titanium-based oxide photocatalysts loaded on TiN array absorbers for enhanced broadband photocurrent generation

Efficient utilization of a wide range of the solar spectrum in photoelectrochemical conversion is one of the primary requirements for photocatalyst materials. Here, we report an effective approach to combine solar-absorptive titanate-based oxide photocatalysts with titanium nitride (TiN) to demonstrate the enhanced photocurrent generation extending from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region. Pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 and Cr-doped TiO2 are, respectively, loaded on the TiN nanodisk arrays to demonstrate the photocurrent generation in opposite directions. By incorporating the TiN nanodisk arrays, the photocatalytic performance of Fe2TiO5 has increased by 26-fold in the UV region and ∼11-fold in the visible region due to the strong UV–visible light absorption, hot electron generation at the TiN nanodisk array, and their subsequent injection into the oxide. Similarly, the photocatalytic performance of Cr-TiO2 has increased by ∼18-fold in the UV region and ∼sixfold in the visible region by the hot hole transfer from TiN. This work demonstrates the effective utilization of titanium-based catalysts activated with both hot-electrons and holes from the TiN, yielding the visible-photocurrent generation and thus the improved photon management in solar photocatalysis.

Studies on the substrate-dependent photocatalytic properties of Cu2O heterojunctions.

Cu2O is a promising material for photocatalysis because of its absorption ability in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible light range. Cu2O deposited on conductive Ti and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates behaves as a photocathode. Cu2O deposited on an n-type semiconductor such as TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNA)/Ti behaves as a photoanode and has demonstrated better photocatalytic activity than that of TNA/Ti. The substrate-dependent photocatalytic properties of Cu2O heterojunctions are not well studied. In this work, the photocatalytic properties of a Cu2O/TNA/Ti junction as a photoanode and of Cu2O/Ti and Cu2O/FTO junctions as photocathodes without bias were systematically studied to understand their performance. The Cu2O/TNA/Ti photoanode exhibited higher photocurrent spectral responses than those of Cu2O/Ti and Cu2O/FTO photocathodes. The photoanodic/photocathodic properties of those junctions were depicted in their energy band diagrams. Time-resolved photoluminescence indicated that Cu2O/TNA/Ti, Cu2O/Ti, and Cu2O/FTO junctions did not enhance the separation of photogenerated charges. The improved photocatalytic properties of Cu2O/TNA/Ti compared with TNA/Ti were mainly attributed to the UV-visible light absorption of Cu2O.

Composite Nanoparticles and Coated With Hydrogel to Slow Drug Delivery of Cyclophosphamide Test it Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines (GJE, MCF7)

Introduction & Objective: Magnetic nanoparticles have found many applications because of their characteristics such as large surface area, small volume and simple separation with external magnetic field. These characteristics are very critical for drug delivery. In the current study, magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide have been used as the central core of PAMAM dendrimer. The aim of current study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of this dandrimer on cancerous cell lines. Materials and methods: magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized through the co-precipitation method and its size was measured by an electron microscope. following, NH2 @ methyl acrylate + ethylintiamine groups were added as branches and hydroxyl group with the negative charge was placed on the end terminus of the dendrimer branchs. The size of the synthesized dendrimer was measured by SEM. In order to investigate the accuracy of the steric bond reaction between the ethylene diamine and methyl acrylate functional groups, a FTIR infrared absorption spectrometer was used to investigate the absorption peak in a range of 1720-1720 nm. In order to release the drug continuously, after loading the methyl Prednisolone drug onto a synthesized nano dendrimer, the entire collection was coated with chitosan quaternary derivative. The absorption spectrum of Prednisolone was measured at 284 nm wavelength (which is the maximum absorption peak) by the UV-visible light absorption device, and the amount of drug release was detected within 24 hours. Finally, the fatal effect of this nano-particle complex on the cancerous types GEJ-MCF 7 was investigated by inverse electron microscopy and the amount of nano-particle toxicity was measured using lactate dehydrogenase Kit and ELISA. Results: Based on the results of the electron microscope, the Fe3O4 size was in the range of 4.79 nm-6.37 nm range, which is smaller than nano-dendrimers with a range of 6.30 nm-43.67 nm. The FT-IR chart for the Methylacrylate @ Ethylendiamin esteric bond was obtained in the range of 1720 and 1730 cm -1. In this chart, the values of 600 cm-1 and 1000 cm-1 were related to Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 @ NH2, respectively. Triethyl Chitosan coated with Nanoparticle @ Drug coated with Nanoparticle @ Drug, along with trimethyl chitosan and glutaraldehyde creates a connection between TMC monomers. In this condition, glutaraldehyde helps to limit the delivery time of the drug. Also, cytotoxicity results indicated that the cell death rate in the incubated media with a complete nano-particle complex was dramatically greater than cell death rate with drug alone as well as nano-particle alone, which expresses the efficacy of the dendrimer-drug + chitosan drug complex. Conclusion: The results indicated that the synthesized nanoparticle complex by the proposed method increased the death rates in the studied cells. In addition, a low dose application of a drug in any nanoparticle compound reduces the side effects of drug, and this method is safe for cancer treatment.

Oxygen-Vacancy-Enhanced Piezo-Photocatalytic Performance of AgNbO <sub>3</sub>

Piezo-photocatalysis (implement by ultrasound vibration and UV-vis light irradiation), a new-emerging strategy, can suppress the rapid recombination of electrons and holes to enhance the catalytic performance. The modulation of interface structures (e.g., the introduction of oxygen vacancies, OVs) plays a significant role in the charge-transfer and the catalytic activity. In this paper, the AgNbO3 (ANO) powder was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Based on this, we introduce OVs into ANO successfully by annealing in N2 (ANO-N2). It was found that OVs can narrow the band gap and improve the UV-vis light absorption of the ANO. The ANO-N2 with OVs exhibits much better piezo-photocatalytic activity for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) than the ANO. The work thus supplies an in-depth understanding of the mechanism between OVs and piezo-photocatalytic performance.