UV-Vis Analysis Research Articles

The Catalytic Activity of Polyaniline in Hydrogenation Reactions with Molecular Hydrogen.

This study unveils a novel property of polyaniline by establishing its catalytic activity in heterogeneous hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen. Polyaniline was activated by heat-treating at different temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere. The sample treated at 300 °C exhibited the highest catalytic activity for ethylene hydrogenation in the gas phase at atmospheric pressure and for p-nitrotoluene or α-methylstyrene hydrogenation in the liquid phase. XRD, HRTEM, Raman, XPS, UV-VIS, FTIR, and elemental analysis data as well as electrochemical study indicate that catalytic activity is associated with the conjugated structure of undoped emeraldine base, whereas the polymer cross-linking or an increase in chlorine residues correlates with catalyst deactivation. These results pave the way to use conducting polymers as catalysts for hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen, opening new avenues for their application in catalysis.

An Assessment of the Cyto-Genotoxicity Effects of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and ATCBRA Insecticide on the Root System of Vicia faba.

We aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) extracts and assess the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the cardamom extract, cardamom-AgNPs, and the insecticide ATCBRA-commonly used for pest control-on the root system of Vicia faba (broad bean). The chemical composition of the aqueous cardamom extract was identified and quantified using GC-MS, revealing a variety of bioactive compounds also present in cardamom essential oil. These included α-terpinyl acetate (21.3-44.3%), 1,8-cineole (10.7-28.4%), and linalool (6.4-8.6%). The successful green synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed through various micro-spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). UV-Vis analysis showed a strong peak between 420 and 430 nm, indicating the presence of AgNPs. TEM imaging revealed that the synthesized cardamom-AgNPs were monodispersed, primarily spherical, and semi-uniform in shape, with minimal aggregation. EDS analysis further confirmed the composition of the nanoparticles, with cardamom-AgNPs comprising around 60.5% by weight. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the mitotic index (MI), and genotoxicity was assessed by observing chromosomal aberrations (CAs). The roots of Vicia faba were treated for 24 and 48 h with varying concentrations of ATCBRA pesticide (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%), aqueous cardamom extract (3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%), and green-synthesized cardamom-AgNPs (12, 25, and 60 mg). The cytogenetic analysis of MI and CA in the meristematic root tips indicated an improvement in the evaluated parameters with the cardamom extract. However, a marked reduction in mitotic activity was observed with both ATCBRA and cardamom-AgNP treatments across both time points, highlighting potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.

Microemulsion synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles and their integration in Au/n-Si/Al device structure

This study reports the synthesis of tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using the micro-emulsion method and its performance on n-type Si semiconductors under various operating conditions. The physical characteristics of SnO2 were examined using XRD, SEM, TEM, and UV–Vis analysis. XRD analysis revealed that SnO2 has a crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 14.4 nm. The optical band gap energy of SnO2 was determined as 3.4 eV using UV–Vis analysis. Additionally, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the Au/SnO2/n-Si/Al and Au/n-Si/Al devices were measured in darkness to explore the influence of SnO2 nanomaterial on their electrical parameters. From the I–V measurements, the rectification ratio, saturation current, ideality factor, and barrier height values for the SnO2/n-Si device were determined to be 4.35 × 104 (at ± 2 V), 1.96 × 10–9 A, 1.57, and 0.81 eV, respectively. For electro-optical characteristics of the SnO2/n-Si device, the I–V measurements were conducted under both visible light and UV light (365 nm) conditions. The SnO2/n-Si device, featuring a self-powered property, exhibited superior ON/OFF ratio, responsivity, and detectivity under UV light compared to white light illumination. Therefore, we can assert that the SnO2/n-Si device holds significant promise for sensitive light detection applications, particularly in UV-sensitive optoelectronic devices.

Characterizing Dyeing Constituents from Walnut Green Husks: Utilization of a Harmful Agricultural By-product as Natural Dye to Alleviate Its Environmental Pollution

Walnut green husks (WGHs), a by-product of walnut cultivation, poses significant environmental concerns due to their indiscriminate disposal practices. To alleviate this problem, this study explored the possibility of utilizing WGHs as a resource of natural dyes focusing on the characterization of responsible bioactive compounds. The crude aqueous extract of WGHs displayed excellent dyeing activity on fabrics, resulting in a brownish color; further chromatographic fractionation revealed that the distilled water (dH2O) fraction of the extract yielded from macroporous resin column chromatography exhibited the best dyeing effect compared with other ethanol-based fractions (20%, 60%, and 90%). Based on the subsequent LC-MS/MS, FTIR, and UV-Vis analysis, six most dominant, colored compounds that are commercially available were chosen for evaluating their dyeing capacity, including β-carotene, 2,4-dinitrophenol, phylloquinone, astaxanthin, quercetin 3-sambubioside and avicularin, and indeed their mixture displayed similar dyeing effect as the dH2O fraction and the crude extract of WGHs on fabrics. The isolated compounds and their mixture exhibited comparable dyeing performance to the crude extract, with notable K/S color strength values. Colorimetric analysis revealed distinct CIEL*a*b* values for each compound; furthermore, the dyed fabrics demonstrated moderate-excellent colorfastness. Our study implied that WGHs extract and ingredients have the potential to be utilized as natural dyeing agents, which provides a new insight for eliminating environmental pollution triggered by hazardous agricultural wastes.

Synthesis, crystal structure and bioactivities of Schiff base derived from paeonol and 1,4-bis(3-aminopropy) piperazine

A new Schiff base, paeonol-[1,4-bis (3-aminopropyl) piperazine], was synthesized for the first time by the condensation reaction of paeonol and 1,4-bis (3-aminopropyl) piperazine through solution method. The product was characterized by the methods of melting point, IR, UV-vis, fluorescence spectrum, 1H NMR, elemental and thermal analysis, and its crystal structure was analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method, which indicated that it belongs to triclinic system, p-1 group, a = 6.836(14) Å，b = 7.729(17) Å，c = 12.28(3) Å, α = 87.25(2)°，β = 85.53(2)°，γ = 88.74(2)°. The antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial activities of the product were investigated by DPPH· method and agar plate diffusion method, respectively. Moreover, the interaction of the product with biomacromolecule DNA was studied by the electronic spectroscopy and viscosity method.

ANDERSON-TYPE POMS, SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL AND PHOTO-CHROMISM PROPERTIES STUDIES

Two compounds of polyoxometalate, (NH4)5[IMo6O24]·3NH3.5H2O (1) and (NH4)6[TeMo6O24]·NH3.5H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis IR and Uv-visible spectroscopy TG analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal data for these compounds are the following: 1, orthorhombic, Pccn, a=14.2765(4) Å, b= 14.9384(3) Å, c=14.6053(3) Å, α=90°, β = 90°, γ =90°, Z =10 2, orthorhombic, Pccn, a=14.2538(5) Å, b= 14.9475(5) Å, c=14.6598(5) Å, α=90°, β = 90°, γ =90°, Z =10. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited 2D networks derived from Anderson A-type [XMo6O24]5- (X=I (1) or Te (2) ) anions H2O and NHY(Y-3)+ (y= 3 or 4). The electrochemical and photochromic properties of these compounds were studied. And it reveals that compound (2) shows excellent redox and photochromic properties. Unlike compound (1) which has good redox properties but weak photochromic properties.

Expose the bioactive properties of Picrorhiza kurroa root extract oil (PKEO): phytochemical composition and therapeutic activities

Background: The present study aims to explore the bioactive properties of essential Oil (PKEO) derived from Picrorhiza kurroa (commonly known as kutki), a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic potential. Picrorhiza kurroa essential oil has a distinct chemical profile, which sets it apart from other essential oils. The bioactive compounds present in Picrorhiza kurroa essential oil may lead to the development of new drugs, particularly for treating inflammatory and oxidative stress-related disorders. The research aims to study the extraction, phytochemical composition, and various biological activities of PKEO. Methodology: Oil obtained through hydro-distillation contains various phytochemical compounds, including steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, proteins, flavonoids, and tannins. Its bioactivity and aroma are attributed to its phenolic and sesquiterpene esters. Results and Discussion: The total phenolic content is 250.47 μg GAE/g, and the total flavonoid content is 245.26 μg QE/g. UV-visible and IR spectroscopic analyses confirm the presence of phenolic and terpenoid ester functional groups. PKEO has moderate antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 98.19 µg/mL in DPPH scavenging and 42.72% inhibition in the ABTS assay. It also exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and HRBC stabilizing activity. Antimicrobial tests show PKEO inhibits E. coli growth, indicating potential antibacterial properties. Conclusion: These findings highlight PKEO's promising bioactive profile, suggesting potential therapeutic and cosmetic formulation applications. The antifungal activity also shows the potential antifungal effects of the PKEO.

Preliminary Study on the Potential of Red Fruit Pigment (Pandanus conoideus) from West Papua as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

The red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) is an endemic plant from Papua, known for its distinctive color and shape. This fruit is recognized for its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic effects. Its high pigment content is believed to have potential as a sensitizer in DSSC applications. However, research on this topic remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study is to investigate the potential of red fruit pigments for DSSC. The characterization of red fruit pigments was conducted through phytochemical screening, FTIR and UV-Vis spectral analysis, as well as literature reviews. Pigment extraction was carried out using maceration without involving drying or grinding processes. Phytochemical screening results revealed that the macerate contains flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and terpenoids, compounds commonly used as natural pigments in DSSCs. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as carboxyl (-COOH), carbonyl (C=O), and hydroxyl (-OH), which can act as effective anchoring groups when interacting with nanosemiconductor surfaces. Meanwhile, UV-Vis analysis showed absorption peaks in the UV region (wavelength 204–399 nm) and the visible region (wavelength 400–550 nm). Based on literature studies and research findings, it can be concluded that the pigments in red fruit have potential applications as DSSC sensitizers.

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Particles Using Malic Acid-Derived Polyamides, Polyhydrazides, and Hydrazides.

Malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides exhibit strong potential for a variety of biological applications. This study demonstrates the synthesis of cobalt, silver, copper, zinc, and iron particles by a facile chemical reduction approach utilizing malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides as stabilizing and reducing agents. Comprehensive characterization of the particles was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis. The synthesized particles included both zero-valent metals and oxides exhibiting mixed-phase compositions that may influence their functional properties. UV-vis analysis confirmed the formation of particles represented by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks specific to each metal particle. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the interaction of the metal particles with the polymer matrix owing to the significant contribution of functional groups in the processes of reduction and stabilization. Further structural insights were obtained via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which identified crystalline phases, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which demonstrated uniform morphologies. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis provided compositional details, affirming the purity and distribution of metallic elements. These findings highlight the potential of malic acid-derived polymers as versatile agents for nanoparticle synthesis with applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical technologies.

Iron-irradiated methylammonium lead iodide bromide (MAPbI2Br) thin films with enhanced optical and electrical properties for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells

In the pursuit of enhancing the optoelectronic properties of perovskite thin films for photovoltaic applications, this study investigates the effects of Fe ion irradiation on methylammonium lead iodide bromide (MAPbI₂Br) thin films. Thin films of methylammonium lead iodide bromide, (CH3NH3PbI2Br, or MAPbI2Br) have been deposited by sol–gel dip coating technique. These films were irradiated with 300 keV Fe ions with flouncy of 2 × 1014 ions/cm2. The prepared films all show the cubic crystal structure. However, the film irradiated with Fe ions has a larger grain size, according to XRD. The optical characteristics, such as refractive index, band gap energy, and extinction coefficients, are examined by UV–Vis analysis. Although both the films showed a direct bandgap, the film irradiated with Fe ions showed a lower value for the bandgap energy (1.76 eV) and high refractive index. The device structure used was FTO/TiO2/MAPbI2Br/spiro-OMeTAD/Au. The devices made with 300 keV Fe ions irradiated film has high current density of 10.86 mA cm−2, fill factor of 0.80, an open circuit voltage of 1.06 V, and an efficiency of 9.93%. The findings emphasize the potential of Fe ion irradiation as a novel technique to improve grain structure and optoelectronic properties, advancing perovskite-based device technology for higher efficiency solar cells.

Integrating Experimental and Computational Insights: A Dual Approach to Ba2CoWO6 Double Perovskites

Double perovskite materials have emerged as key players in the realm of advanced materials due to their unique structural and functional properties. This research mainly focuses on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of Ba2CoWO6 double perovskite nanopowders utilizing a high-temperature conventional solid-state reaction technique. The successful formation of Ba2CoWO6 powders was confirmed through detailed analysis employing advanced characterization techniques. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman data established that Ba2CoWO6 crystallizes in a cubic crystal structure with the space group Fm-3m, indicative of a highly ordered perovskite lattice. The typical crystallite size, approximately 65 nm, highlights the nanocrystalline nature of the material. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) discovered a distinctive morphology characterized by spherical shaped particles, suggesting a complex particle formation process influenced by synthesis conditions. To probe the electronic structure, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) identified cobalt and tungsten valence states, critical for understanding dielectric properties associated with localized charge carriers. The semiconducting character of the synthesized Ba2CoWO6 nanocrystalline material was confirmed through UV-Visible analysis, which revealed an energy bandgap value of 3.3 eV, which aligns well with the theoretical predictions, indicating the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibited two distinct emissions in the blue-green region. These emissions were attributed to the transitions 3P0→3H4, 3P0→3H5, and 3P0→3H6, primarily resulting from the contributions of Ba2+ ions. The dielectric characteristics of the compound were analyzed across a different range of frequencies, spanning from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Magnetic characterization using Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) revealed antiferromagnetic behavior of Ba2CoWO6 ceramics at room temperature, attributed to super-exchange interactions between Co3+ and W5+ ions mediated by oxygen ions in the perovskite lattice. Additionally, first-principles calculations based on the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA+U) with a modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential were employed to gain a deeper understanding of the structural and electronic properties of the materials. This approach involved systematically varying the Hubbard U parameter to optimize the description of electron correlation effects. These results deliver an extensive understanding of the structural, optical, morphological, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ba2CoWO6 ceramics, underscoring their potential for electronic and magnetic device applications.

Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fe-, Co-, and Mn-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticulate materials due to their antimicrobial properties. However, the current use of ZnO NPs is hindered by their potential cytotoxicity concerns, which are likely attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dissolution of particles to ionic zinc. To reduce the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, transitional metals are introduced into ZnO lattices to modulate the ROS production and NP dissolution. However, the influence of the doping element, doping concentration, and particle size on the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties remains unexplored. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of a library of doped ZnO NPs to elucidate the relationship between their physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The library comprises 30 variants, incorporating three different dopant metals-iron, manganese, and cobalt-at concentrations of 0.25%, 1%, and 2%, and calcined at three temperatures (350 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C), resulting in varied particle sizes. These ZnO NPs were prepared by low temperature co-precipitation followed by high-temperature calcination. Our results reveal that the choice of dopant elements significantly influences both antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity, while dopant concentration and particle size have comparatively minor effects. High-throughput UV-visible spectroscopic analysis identified Mn- and Co-doped ZnO NPs as highly effective against E. coli under standard conditions. Compared with undoped ZnO particles, Mn- and Co-doping significantly increased the oxidative stress, and the Zn ion release from NPs was increased by Mn doping and reduced by Fe doping. The combined effects of these factors increased the cytotoxicity of Mn-doped ZnO particles. As a result, Co-doped ZnO particles, especially those with 2 wt.% doping, exhibited the most favourable balance between enhanced antibacterial activity and minimized cytotoxicity, making them promising candidates for antimicrobial applications.

Improving Room Temperature Formaldehyde Sensitivity with Samarium-Doped Titanium Dioxide

Abstract Samarium (Sm)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique at 400°C, with Sm doping concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 6 Wt.% to enhance structural, optical, morphological, and gas-sensing properties. The films, deposited on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates, were characterized using X-ray diffraction , scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Structural analysis revealed improved crystallinity and uniform surface morphology with Sm doping, while AFM indicated increased surface roughness, promoting gas adsorption. UV-Vis analysis showed a reduced energy bandgap, enhancing visible light absorption and gas-sensing performance. Gas sensing evaluations demonstrated high sensitivity to formaldehyde, with notable selectivity over ethanol, toluene, and xylene at room conditions. The 6 Wt.% Sm-doped TiO₂ film exhibited the highest response (17.4), with a detection limit of 5 ppm, and fast response (23 s) and recovery (27 s) times. These properties underline the potential of Sm-doped TiO₂ films for efficient room-temperature gas sensors. Their enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and stability suggest promising applications in environmental monitoring and air quality management, particularly for formaldehyde detection and volatile organic compound discrimination.

Quercetin-coated biogenic titanium oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro biological studies

Dental biomaterials are integral in modern dentistry, with an increasing focus on biocompatibility and efficacy for restoration and regenerative applications. Green synthesis techniques, employing natural extracts, offer the potential for creating nanoparticles with enhanced biological properties. Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have gained attention for their unique physicochemical features across various biomedical uses, while quercetin’s antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics provide therapeutic promise. This study aims to develop quercetin-coated TiO2NPs using Hemidesmus indicus (HQTN) root extract as a capping agent. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analysis. Biocompatibility is assessed through hemolytic assays, and bioactivity is evaluated via antioxidant and antimicrobial assays. Characterization confirms nanoparticle morphology, crystallinity, functionalization, elemental composition, size, and stability. In vitro studies reveal HQTN’s substantial antioxidant activity, significant antimicrobial efficacy, and minimal hemolytic potential. The facile and eco-friendly synthesis of HQTN underscores their potential as innovative dental biomaterials, capitalizing on quercetin attributes and TiO2NPs’ stability. This work represents progress in utilizing green nanotechnology for dental biomaterial advancement. While further research is needed to determine clinical potential, this study marks a step forward in developing dental biomaterials through the amalgamation of green synthesis and nanotechnology.

ZnO-Polyaniline Nanocomposite Functionalised with Laccase Enzymes for Electrochemical Detection of Cetyltrimethylammonuium Bromide (CTAB).

The direct discharge of cationic surfactants into environmental matrices has exponentially increased due to their wide application in many products. These compounds and their degraded products disrupt microbial dynamics, hinder plant survival, and affect human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop electroanalytical assessment techniques for their identification, determination, and monitoring. In our study, ZnO-PANI nanocomposites were electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), followed by the immobilization of laccase enzymes and the electrodeposition of polypyrrole (PPy), to form a biosensor that was used for the detection of CTAB. A UV-Vis analysis showed bands corresponding to the π-π* transition of benzenoid and quinoid rings, π-polaron band transition and n-π*polaronic transitions associated with the extended coil chain conformation of PANI, and the presence and interaction of ZnO with PANI and type 3 copper in the laccase enzymes. The FTIR analysis exhibited peaks corresponding to N-H and C-N stretches and bends for amine, C=C stretches for conjugated alkenes, and a C-H bend for aromatic compounds. A high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) analysis proved that PANI and ZnO-PANI were deposited as fibres with hairy topography resulting from covalent bonding with the laccase enzymes. The modified electrode (PPy-6/GCE) was used as a platform for the detection of CTAB with three linear ranges of 0.5-100 µM, 200-500 µM, and 700-1900 µM. The sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 0.935 μA μM-1 cm-2, a detection limit of 0.0116 µM, and acceptable recoveries of 95.02% and 87.84% for tap water and wastewater, respectively.

Study of Graphene Oxide and Silver Nanowires Interactions and Its Association with Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness.

Technological development has led to the need for materials able to block electromagnetic waves (EMWs) emitted from various devices. EMWs could negatively affect the working performance and lifetime of multiple instruments and measuring devices. New EMW shielding materials are being developed, while among nanomaterials, graphene-based composites have shown promising features. Herein, we have produced graphene oxide (GO), silver nanowires (AgNWs) composites, by varying the mass ratios of each component. UV-Vis, infrared, Raman spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis proved the establishment of the interactions between them. For the first time, the strength and the nature of the interaction between GO sheets with various levels of oxidation and AgNWs were investigated using density function theory (DFT). The interaction energy between ideal graphene and AgNWs was calculated to be -48.9 kcal/mol, while for AgNWs and GO, this energy is almost doubled at -81.9 kcal/mol. The DFT results confirmed the interfacial polarization at the heterointerface via charge transfer and accumulation at the interface, improving the efficacy of EMW shielding. Our results indicated that AgNWs create a compact complex with GO due to charge transfer between them. Charge redistributions in GO-AgNWs composites resulted in an improved ability of the composite to block EMWs compared to GO alone.

Synthesis and characterization of ZnS and Ag-ZnS nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants

Photocatalytic degradation has drawn much interest recently as a substitute technique for eliminating environmental contaminants from the aqueous phase. In this study, pure and Ag-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were synthesized for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UVA light irradiation using a simple chemical co-precipitation method. The nanopowders' structural, optical, morphological, and chemical properties were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and FESEM techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of the nanoparticles, while FTIR identified stretching vibrations corresponding to O–H, C–H, C=O, C–N, and Zn–S bonds. The UV-Vis analysis revealed an optical band gap in the range of 5.2–5.4 eV. Photocatalytic performance tests under UVA light demonstrated that Ag doping significantly enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnS nanoparticles in degrading MB. Upon exposure to UVA light, the synthesized Ag-ZnS nanoparticles achieved impressive decolorization efficiency within 25 minutes, compared to 35 minutes for pure ZnS. The findings indicate that Ag-ZnS is a highly promising photocatalyst for the efficient removal of aqueous pollutants, including methylene blue dye.

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Mycobacterial Evaluation of Triclosan-Isoniazid Hybrids.

A series of Triclosan-based hybrids and their Schiff base derivatives with isoniazid were designed through in silico modelling and synthesized using copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. These compounds were then evaluated against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab). However, none of the synthesized hybrids exhibited significant growth inhibition, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values consistently exceeding 100 µg/mL. To further investigate these findings, we conducted mechanistic studies including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis stability tests. TGA demonstrated thermal stability of the Schiff bases up to 270 °C, while UV-Vis analysis confirmed their chemical resilience across a wide pH spectrum, showing resistance to hydrolysis under acidic and basic conditions. The lack of observed antimicrobial activity may be attributed to the high lipophilicity of these molecules, as indicated by LogP values exceeding 5, which could limit their bioavailability. These findings suggest that although combining triclosan and isoniazid holds potential, further optimization of this hybrid strategy is necessary to improve efficacy.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, computational, molecular docking, antidiabetic(in vitro & in vivo) DNA and BSA interaction studies of ruthenium(II) carboxylate complexes.

The ruthenium compounds have been known to have the wide range of potential applications as anticancer, antibacterial and anti-diabetic etc. The ligand substitutions play a vital role in enhancing the pharmacological and biological activities. In the present study, three ruthenium-metal based complexes, designated as (I-III), were synthesized and characterized employing element analysis, FTIR and 1HNMR. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to work out FMO (frontier molecular orbital), NBO (natural bond orbital), UV-visible and FTIR analysis. The obtained results are comparable to the experimental findings. The complexes (I-III) were tested for pharmacological activities such as anti-diabetic (in vitro and in vivo). In vitro, anti-diabetic analysis of α-amylase inhibition enzyme dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) reagent confirmed inhibitory influence of the synthesized complexes (I-III). In vivo, investigation was conducted on rabbits as model. The bio-clinical tests such as glycated haemoglobin concentration (HbA1c), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), blood glucose level (BGL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) were performed using the blood, plasma specimens isolated from diabetic, non-diabetic, control and treatment groups (n=18). The results showed that complexes were significantly controlled the enrichment in tested parameters. The complexes (I-III) were also tested for antitumor potential using salmon sperm DNA (SSDNA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results showed effective interaction for complexes (I-III) with obtained good binding constant values. The molecular docking studies were also done to compare and support the experimental results.

Biosynthesis and characterization of Gardenia gummifera leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial, and photocatalytic activity

The current trend in nanoscience is the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which is environmentally friendly and suitable for use in biomedical applications. By employing a green synthesis method that is both commercially and environmentally feasible, this work aimed to expand the range of uses by producing the AgNPs from Gardenia gummifera (G. gummifera) aqueous leaf extracts (GG-AgNPs). The biosynthesized GG-AgNPs were characterized using a range of methods, such as UV-visible, Infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The production of stable GG-AgNPs in the presence of G. gummifera was validated by the absorption peaks at 438 nm, which were shown by the UV-visible spectral analysis. Results from FTIR indicated that phytochemicals were strongly capped on GG-AgNPs. The majority of the GG-AgNPs in the SEM images are spherical with a size range of 125 nm. Interestingly, GG-AgNPs significantly outperformed tested Gram+ve and Gram-ve microorganisms, plant extract had no antibacterial impact. Zone of inhibition of GG-AgNPs (500 µg/mL) against Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli was 24.00 ± 1.00, 24.00 ± 1.00, 19.67 ± 0.58 and 19.33 ± 0.57, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the synthesized AgNPs against the Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were found to be 210 ± 2.00 µg/mL, 240 ± 1.73 µg/mL, 300 ± 1.00 µg/mL and 300 ± 1.73 µg/mL, respectively. The assessment of their antioxidant activity using radical scavenging assays and the reduction activity demonstrates that both plant extracts and GG-AgNPs exhibit strong dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 54.69 µg/mL and 24.50 µg/mL, respectively. GG-AgNPs also showed time-dependent photodegradation of the methylene blue dye of about 68.09% degradation after 90 minutes.