UV Spectrophotometric Analysis Research Articles

Spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate in presence of acetaminophen in different pH media

BackgroundThis study is aimed to develop a simple, effective and economic method for the UV spectrophotometric analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate in the presence of acetaminophen. The Beer–Lambert law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2–10 µg/ml for amoxicillin trihydrate, acetaminophen and combinations, in all the different pH media: pH 1.2, 6.8, 7.4 and neutral (double-distilled water). For the simultaneous equation method, the absorbance maxima of amoxicillin trihydrate was found at 228 nm, and for acetaminophen, it was found at 243 nm, after scanning the solutions in respective buffers.ResultThe standard curve of amoxicillin trihydrate and acetaminophen was plotted, and the correlation coefficient (R2) value was found to be in the range of 0.991–0.994 and 0.993–0.999, respectively. These two drugs were combined in a ratio of 5:3 (amoxicillin trihydrate: acetaminophen), and its absorbance maxima was discovered at 232 nm (isoabsorptive point), where its correlation coefficient was calculated from the standard curve which is in range of 0.993–0.996. The above-mentioned method was found to comply all the validation parameters as per the ICH guidelines such as accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, reproducibility and recovery. This method is successfully applied to estimate the combination of these two drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms without and interaction of their excipients. This method is based on to check the stability of amoxicillin trihydrate in different pH media in the presence of acetaminophen.ConclusionHydrolysis of beta-lactam ring of amoxicillin trihydrate occurs in acidic pH (below 2) which causes the formation of amoxicilloic acid which may cause reduction in its microbial activity but neither shifting of wavelength nor appearance of extra peak occurred in UV spectroscopy. Although some changes of % area of amoxicillin trihydrate is observed in acidic media in HPLC method, there are no significant changes observed among the amoxicillin trihydrate solutions with acetaminophen prepared in different pH media, when using UV spectrophotometric method.

Comparative study of chemometrics-enhanced spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic techniques for the concurrent measurement of the effective pantoprazole and vincamine renal impairment combination therapy: Greenness, blueness, and whiteness appraisal

Simple, sensitive, and green ultraviolet spectrophotometric with chemometric support and chromatographic methods were designed and verified for the concurrent estimation of pantoprazole (PTZ) and vincamine (VIN). This co-administered mixture was determined for the first time in their pharmaceutical dosage forms with a high percentage of recoveries. Classical least squares (CLS), principle component regression (PCR), and partial least squares (PLS), are the three chemometric techniques applied in UV spectrophotometric analysis. An experimental design with two variables and five levels was utilized for models’ optimization. The optimized techniques were successfully verified and utilized to resolve their extensive zero-order spectral overlap within the wavelength span of 240–310 nm. In the chromatographic technique, the compounds were well separated on BDS HYPERSIL C8 column employing a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer, 0.2% tri-ethylamine and acetonitrile (55:45% v/v), adjusting pH at 4.25. The flow speed was 1 mL/min using an isocratic mode for elution and UV detection at 230 nm. The studied drugs were separated in less than 5 min. The HPLC Method validation was carried out in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. A comparative statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the outcomes of the developed approaches and the reported spectrophotometric methods. A comprehensive sustainability profiling of the proposed methods was established and compared using the latest Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), along with the most widely applicable metrics for greenness: the Analytical Eco-Scale (AES), GAPI and AGREE metrics, and the recent whiteness evaluation tool (RGB 12).

Packaging and pH Effects on Meat Discoloration through Electrochemistry

Myoglobin is the sarcoplasmic heme protein that determines the color of the meat. The oxidation state of myoglobin results in different forms of myoglobin, such as deoxy-, oxy-, and metmyoglobin. As the deviation from the bright red color of beef affects consumers' purchase decisions, meat packaging is done to retain the meat color and delay spoilage. In these studies, UV-spectrophotometric analysis is combined with the electrochemical method. Meat packaged under different conditions was considered. Two packaging conditions, vacuum and polyvinyl chloride, were compared with the normal unpackaged sarcoplasmic beef sample. Electrochemical regions of both positive and negative potential were diagnosed for sensory peaks where the data of vacuum packaging implied more color stability. To assess the effect of pH on meat discoloration, pH conditions of the physiological state (pH 7.4) and post-mortem meat (pH 5.6) were mainly considered. The rate of meat discoloration was higher at pH 5.6 than at pH 7.4. Electrochemical insights with regard to various packaging effects on meat discoloration will be discussed further.

Assessing the significance of leaf chlorophyll content for measuring the vegetation health in mangrove species along the Kerala Coast, India – A multi-proxy approach

This study aimed to estimate the chlorophyll content of mangrove species distributed along the Kerala coast of India, and also to address the critical issue of assessing the health of these ecosystems. We identified 16 mangrove species and estimated their chlorophyll concentration levels through a combination of field reconnaissance, in situ radiometric measurements at 218 locations, and UV spectrophotometric (ultraviolet–visible) analysis in the laboratory, and estimated the vegetation health from spectral indices using IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) Resourcesat LISS-IV (Linear Imaging and Self-Scanning Sensor) satellite imagery. This study revealed that the dominant species in Kerala are Avicennia officinalis, A. marina, Rhizophora mucronata and Excoecaria agallocha, whereas, Bruguiera sexangula is sparsely spread. Approximately 14 % of the mangrove cover along the Kerala coast is under stress due to various factors, including climate change and anthropogenic influences. Significantly, two of the 16 species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora appiculata appeared relatively healthy, with average chlorophyll concentration index (CCI) values of 311.89±40.13 µmol/m2 and 553.42±23.24 µmol/m2, respectively. However, other dominant species Avicennia officinalis, Rhizophora mucronata, and Excoecaria agallocha exhibited average CCI values of 582.35±147.61, 611.7±104.58, and 559.04±141.13 respectively, and seemed to be under stress, calling for serious conservation measures. Our study also revealed the potential of cost-effective IRS LISS-IV imagery for identifying mangrove species and for estimating the chlorophyll concentration and plant vigour together with field and laboratory observations and measurements.

Unraveling the enigma: Probing the unconventional binding site and binding mechanism of entrectinib with human serum albumin through spectroscopic, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation analyses

Entrectinib (ENB), a novel potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated promising activity against specific genetic alterations in various solid tumors. Investigating the interaction of ENB with human serum albumin (HSA) provides valuable insights into its binding characteristics and pharmacological behavior. The interaction between ENB and HSA was investigated using various spectroscopic techniques, molecular docking, and simulations approaches. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a consistent decrease in the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA upon binding to ENB, indicating a static binding mechanism. The binding constant calculated from Stern Volmer and double-log equations (KSV) and (K) were determined to be 4.11 x104 M−1 and 4.38 x104 M−1, respectively at 298 K, indicating moderate binding affinity. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated a spontaneous interaction (ΔG < 0) with an enthalpy change (ΔH) of −5.59 kJ mol−1 and an entropy change (ΔS) of + 70.36 J mol−1 K−1, indicating that the interaction is primarily driven by electrostatic forces with potential involvement of hydrogen bonding. Synchronous and 3D fluorescence analysis indicated no significant changes in the microenvironment surrounding Tyr and Trp residues upon ENB binding. Near and far UV spectrophotometric analyses confirmed the formation of the ENB-HSA complex and suggested no conformational changes in the protein structure. Fluorescence measurements and binding competition analysis using site markers revealed that ENB selectively binds to the HSA Sudlow sites I and III, displacing phenylbutazone at both sites. Molecular docking studies confirmed the binding of ENB to Sudlow sites I and III and identified critical residues involved in the interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations further validated the stability of the ENB-HSA complex at both sites, with more favorable binding at site III, and minimal fluctuations observed in the root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, and radius of gyration. Hydrogen bond analysis and solvent accessible surface area calculations supported the strong binding and accessibility of ENB within the HSA structure. Overall, the experimental and computational results provided valuable insights into the ENB-HSA interaction, elucidating the binding mechanism and key residues involved.

A Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for the Vierordt’s Detection of Terbinafine and Itraconazole in Topical Dosage Form

The goal of the current work was to simultaneously estimate the dosage forms of pharmaceutical topical dosage form and bulk itraconazole and terbinafine HCl by developing and validating a novel and straight forward UV spectrophotometric approach. As of right now, no reports of this medication combination for simultaneous UV spectrophotometric analysis exist. Acetonitrile was utilized as a solvent in the UV Shimadzu 1800 model, which was employed to test the developed approach. For Terbinafine HCl, the wavelength at which the λmax was measured was 235 nm, while for itraconazole, it was 263 nm. It was discovered that the percent RSD of both the system and technique precision for itraconazole and terbinafine HCl was less than 2%. In summary, a new and straightforward UV spectrophotometric technique was created and verified for the simultaneous measurement of terbinafine HCl and itraconazole in pharmaceutical topical dosage form and bulk dose forms. The created approach was determined to be precise, accurate, linear, and stable because the results were found to be within the given range. KEYWORDS Itraconazole, Terbinafine HCl, UV spectrophotometric, Validation, Simultaneous estimation method, vierordt’s method

Validated Area Under Curve Quantitative UV Spectrophotometric Analysis of Rebamipide in Drug Formulations

A very simple, accurately perfect, precisely repeatable procedure has been proposed for the estimate of rebamipide in medicines. Evaluation of previous works indicates the fact that, so far no UV spectrophotometric scheme for quantifiable estimate by area under curve technique for the drug rebamipide is not described. Therefore, there was a need to plan a different methodology to analyze the medicine employing dimethyl formamide in the form of solvent. This medication monitors Beer’s law in the range of concentration 20 to 200 ìg/mL in the ultraviolet range, particularly areas between 320 and 340 nm for are under curve because the absorption maximum was found to be 330 nm in the selected solvent. The recovery readings proved the offered technique’s accuracy and outcomes were authenticated par accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) references. The discoveries were reasoned to be consistent as well as agreeable. As a consequence, this optional technique was successfully used to estimate rebamipide quantitatively in conventional analytical applications.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHODS FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PROSPIDIUM CHLORIDE FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ASSAY ANALYSIS

Objective. The work is devoted to the development and validation of UV-spectrophotometric analysis of propidium chloride, an antitumour drug of the dyspyropiperazine group. The relevance of the study is due to the need to introduce into the practice of quality control of prospidium chloride analysis method characterised by high sensitivity, accuracy, rapidity and availability. Material and methods. The object of the study was a medicinal substance-powder Prospidin (Prospidium chloride, series 271222, expiry date until 12.2027g, produced by «Unitehprom BSU», Minsk). Solutions with working concentration range from 0.05 mol/l to 0.2 mol/l for spectrophotometric analysis were prepared using purified water. Absorption spectra with determination of analytical wavelength (λmax, nm) and value of molar absorption coefficient ε, (l mol-1cm-1) in the range from 200 nm to 400 nm were obtained and analysed on Agilent Cary 60 equipment. Validation parameters were determined in accordance with the regulations of the General Pharmacopoeial Article 1.1.0012.15. Results. Validation evaluation of the developed analytical techniques for the determination of authenticity and active ingredient content by UV spectro-photometry included tests for specificity (in the presence of NaCl 0.9% solution), analytical range (0.05−0.2 mol/L), linearity (r=0.9997), accuracy, preci-sion in terms of repeatability 3.89±0.24 ( ±SD) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (ε=2.1%) and stability. Conclusion. The analysis of electronic spectra of aqueous solutions of propidium chloride demonstrated the presence of R-band absorption (German radikalartig − radical, for systems with unshared electron pairs) with a characteristic wavelength in the far-UV region at λmax=282±0.4 nm, and λmin=255±0.4 nm. It was found that the absorption at λmax in the concentration range from 0.05 mol/L to 0.2 mol/L of a solution of propidine chloride containing nitrogen heteroatoms with unshared electron pairs is due to the implementation of the so-called formally forbidden n→σ* electronic transition involving molecular orbitals. The characteristic appearance of the electronic spectrum with λmax and λmin, compliance with the Beer–Lambert law in the given concentration range, the calculated value of the molar extinction coefficient ε (l mol1cm1) − allow to use the above described spectral characteristics to determine the authenticity and content of the active substance in quality control of prospidium chloride.

Radical scavenging potential of spectrophotometric, spectroscopic, microscopic, and EDX observed zinc oxide nanoparticles from leaves, buds, and flowers extract of Bauhinia Variegata Linn: A thorough comparative insight.

The present study incorporated an environment-friendly and cost-efficient green synthesis method for fabricating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using various parts (leaves, buds, and flowers) of Bauhinia Variegate Linn. UV-Spectrophotometric analysis was used to confirm the synthesis of ZnO-NPs, which showed an absorption band within 360-380 nm range. Further techniques like FT-IR spectroscopy and (SEM) scanning electron microscopy equipped with a novel EDX were also included to confirm the synthesis, size, and shape of ZnO-NPs. Results obtained by FT-IR showed that the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract successfully acted as a capping agent. SEM micrographs confirmed irregularly shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 70-80 nm. The presence of Zinc and Oxygen peaks in EDX also confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The radical scavenging (antioxidant) potential of prepared nanoparticles was also evaluated by DPPH radical assay. The ZnO-NPs obtained from the ethanolic extract of buds showed the highest %RSA (86%) as compared to the flowers (79%) and leaves (76%). The current study findings showed the versatile morphology of all parts of the plant with significant antioxidant potential, establishing the use of Bauhinia Variegate in biological systems for various biomedical applications. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: A thorough comparative analysis of the radical scavenging power of major parts of the Bauhinia Variegate, which is 1st of its kind. Extensive characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX to observe the conformational and morphological changes. Analysis of the reduction potential of leaves, buds, and flowers of a single plant for future directions in green synthesis.

Simplified uv spectrophotometric analysis of abiraterone acetate in bulk and formulations

Abiraterone acetate is an orally administered selective androgen biosynthesis inhibitor It is an irreversible inhibitor of cytochrome CYP17AThis enzyme is expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumour tissues and is required for androgen biosynthesis.Abiraterone is used in combination with prednisone to treat a certain type of prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.A Novel, simple, accurate, precise and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for estimation of Abiraterone acetate bulk and its formulations. After determining the solubility we had selected methanol as a solvent and Abiraterone acetate has absorbance at the wavelength of maximum ?max254nm. The drug was characterized by the melting point test. Proposed method was precise with RSD less than 2%. linearity test was approved within the range of 10-60µg/ml for with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9991. Accuracy was 100.03%. LOD and LOQ were 0.006µg/ml and 0.018µg/ml respectively. The spike recovery of Abiraterone acetate in tablet was 99.88%.

PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF NIOSOMAL GEL CONTAINING DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE FOR ANTIGLAUCOMATIC ACTIVITY

Objective: The present study was focused on developing and characterizing niosomal gel formulations for ocular controlled delivery of an adrenergic agonist; dipivefrin HCl. In the present study, the pre-formulation studies are showed towards the development of Novel formulation. Methods: Preformulation studies of drug were carried out for identification (physical appearance, melting point and UV spectrophotometric analysis), solubility profile, lipophilicity (Partition Coefficient), compatibility studies by FTIR and thermal behavior by DSC. Results: The melting point of dipivefrin HCl was found to be 147.6±3 °C. The log P value was found to be 3.14±0.02, from which it can be interpreted that drug is highly lipophilic in nature. The scanned λmax were found to be 254 nm. No significant changes were found when FTIR spectra of the physical mixture compared with FTIR spectra of pure drug and excipients. This indicates absence of any possible interaction between the drug and excipients which confirms the identity and purity of drug. DSC thermogram of pure drug showed a sharp exothermic peak at 131.202 °C (area=1726.267 mJ, delta H=575.422 J/g), indicating the crystal melting point of the drug. Conclusion: These results suggest that the dipivefrin HCl serve as suitable candidate for ocular drug delivery system.

Plant mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles, process optimization, and impact on tomato plant

Nanotechnology is one of the fastest-growing markets, but developing eco-friendly products, their maximum production, stability, and higher yield is a challenge. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using an easily available resource, leaves extract of the Neem (Azadirachta indica) plant, as a reducing and capping agent, determined their effect on germination and growth of tomato plants. The maximum production of silver nanoparticles was noted at 70 °C after 3 h of reaction time while treating the 10 ml leaf extract of Neem plant with 10 ml of 1 mM silver nitrate. The impact of the extract preparation method and solvent type on the plant mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles was also investigated. The UV-spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and showed an absorption spectrum within Δ420–440 nm range. The size of the fabricated silver nanoparticles was 22–30 nm. The functional groups such as ethylene, amide, carbonyl, methoxy, alcohol, and phenol attached to stabilize the nanoparticles were observed using the FTIR technique. SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses were performed to study the physiochemical characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles increased the germination rate of tomato seeds up to 70% while decreasing the mean germination time compared to the control. Silver nanoparticles applied at varying concentrations significantly increased the shoot length (25 to 80%), root length (10 to 60%), and fresh biomass (10 to 80%) biomass of the tomato plant. The production of total chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoids, soluble sugar, and protein was significantly increased in tomato plants treated with 5 and 10 ppm silver nanoparticles compared to the control. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles are cost-effective and nontoxic and can be applied in agriculture, biomedical, and other fields.

UV Spectrophotometric Analysis of Apigenin in Topical Fungal Formulation containing Extract of Leonotis nepetaefolia (L) R. Br.

Fungal infections continue to endanger human health, and the problem is only becoming worse. Combination therapy may be an optional strategy for the treatment of invasive fungal illnesses, and the potential antifungal mechanisms provide new insights into the development of innovative antifungal medications. Numerous investigations have shown that combining plant extract showed significant antifungal activity. In the present work, a topical fungal formulation containing hydroalcoholic extract of Leonotis nepetaefolia (L) R.Br. (TFF) in form of a cream was estimated for apigenin. A technique has been created and validated using UV spectrophotometric analysis in order to evaluate the aforementioned drugs simultaneously in the formulation

Solubility data and solubility parameters of barnidipine in different pure solvents

Introduction: Solubility studies and obtaining physicochemical data on drugs in pure solvents belonging to different chemical classes are key to developing new drug formulations. In this work, Hansen partial solubility parameters (HSP) were calculated to assess the miscibility and intermolecular interactions of barnidipine in seventeen pure solvents. The comparison of the results obtained with the theoretical values ​​calculated according to the structure of barnidipine, were valuable to analyse the influence of the solute-solute, solute-solvent relationships of the additive contribution groups, on the chemical and physical properties of this molecule with the solvents of different polarity tested, to provide relevant information highly useful in the pharmaceutical industry. Method: Equilibrium barnidipine solubilities in mono-solvents was determined using the classical shake-flask method, followed by UV-spectrophotometric analysis at 298.15 K. The partial solubility parameters were calculated by applying theoretical group contribution methods, proposed by Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen and Fedors. The KAT-LSER model was used to investigate the effect of solvent based on the concept of linear solvation energy relationships. The mole fraction was obtained from the densities of the solutions. Solid-phase analyses were made by calorimetry differential scanning. Results: The modification introduced in the extended Hansen method, that is, the use of lnX2 as the dependent variable, provided excellent results. The highest solubility values have been found in polar solvents. It is observed that solvent-solvent and solute-solvent intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, significantly influence drug solubility. Conclusions: The affinity between barnidipine and each one of the selected solvent was evaluated by using HSP. Results showed that HSP could be well used to analyse drug solubility in particular solvents. Barnidipine is easier to dissolve in solvents with shorter carbon chains and higher polarity.

A UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Extended-Release Brands of Etodolac

A simple, novel, economical and less time taking UV Spectrophotometric analysis was developed for Etodolac. The assay is relied on measuring optical density at lambda maximum 224.80nm wavelength using methanol as solvent. Four different brands of etodolac i.e. Etofree-ER (A), Toldin-ER (B), Etova-ER (C) and) Musran- ER (D) were procured from local market for analysis. The Drug sample was dissolved in methanol to get a concentration of 5μg/ml and its absorbance was measured. Similarly the samples of different brands were prepared in methanol with concentration range of 1-5μg/ml and their absorbance was recorded at 224.80nm following blank. The Assay percentage is being calculated and regression analysis is performed. The brand Etofree-ER (A) and Musran- ER (D) showed nearly same % Assay values i.e. 108.01% and 108.13% respectively. The brands Toldin-ER (B) and Etova-ER showed 105.42% and 106.84% Assay values. All the brands % Assay values were found to be with in limit as per Indian Pharmacopeia and their squared correlation co-efficient was also found to be 0.999 well within the limit.

Chlorella minutissima-assisted silver nanoparticles synthesis and evaluation of its antibacterial activity.

The conventional methods of nanoparticles synthesis led to the production of highly toxic by-products and the use of toxic chemicals that are highly expensive in nature. Thus, the recent past has witnessed a surge in green synthesis of nanoparticles as a sustainable alternative. The present study outlines the biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesis from an aqueous extract of Chlorella minutissima. The effect of certain parameters such as the reaction mixture's pH and precursor metal solution to algal extract ratios were explored and optimized. The UV spectrophotometric analysis of Ag-NPs gave surface plasmon response maximally at 426nm. The developed Ag-NPs were characterized using zeta potential, indicating their high stability (-21.2mV) with a mean diameter of 73.13nm. Results from field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the particles were spherical in shape. Ag-NPs synthesized using Chlorella minutissima extract could significantly inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. The study highlights that using C. minutissima extract for Ag-NPs synthesis is a convenient and fast process for controlling the growth of Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria.

Spectrophotometric quantification of paracetamol and tramadol hydrochloride by chemometric calibration methods.

The results of UV spectrophotometric analysis were analysed using partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) techniques to allow simultaneous evaluation of tramadol hydrochloride (TRA) and p-acetaminophen (PAR) in tablets. A calibration set of 16 mixtures, each containing PAR and TRA in various amounts, was created using a 24-full fractional design. The absorbance data set for the calibration set were obtained between 215-280 nm (Δλ = 0.1 nm). Subsequently, the concentration and absorbance sets were used to generate PCR and PLS calibrations. The ratio spectra- first derivative method was devised as a solution to the same problem to compare the outcomes of the chemometric methods used for the same experiment. After the proposed methods were shown to be accurate in the testing of validation samples, they were used in analysing commercial tablet samples. The analytical results showed that PCR and PLS methods can be used as alternative methods to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Correlation coefficients were determined for the working concentration range of 6-36 g.mL-1 for PAR and 4-22 g.mL-1 for TRA. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated as 0.9104 μg.mL-1 and 3.0347 μg.mL-1, respectively. The test results of the chemometric analyses and ratio spectra- first derivative method of the commercial tablet form are in agreement with the results of the one-way ANOVA with a confidence interval of 95%. This study shows that the ratio spectra- first derivative method, PCR and PLS models based on spectrophotometric measurements are very useful and straightforward techniques for the quantitative resolution of a two-component pharmaceutical preparation, requiring little sample preparation and little time for analysis.

UV spectrophotometric analysis for method development and validation of Beclofen

Baclofen is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) close derivative which is primarily used in the treatment of spastic movement disorder. Estimation and determination of drug in any biological fluid, bulk and pharmaceutical formulation is important for safety, quality and therapeutics purpose which can be estimated by various methods including UV-visible spectroscopy, HPLC, colorimetry, solvent melting method etc. The main objective of this study was to develop and validate new UV-visible spectroscopy method for estimation of baclofen in HCL and phosphate buffer as per ICH guidelines. The UV spectroscopy method for the estimation of Baclofen was successfully prepared and validated with percentage recovery in the range of 97.41 – 102.62 %. The developed method was found to be precise, accurate, rugged and robust after evaluating the validation parameters.

UV Spectrophotometric and HPLC Method for Quantification of Ticagrelor in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

The aim of the present investigation was to develop, validate and compare a UV spectrophotometric and a high performance liquid chromatography method for estimating Ticagrelor in bulk and tablet dosage form. Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography were carried out using standard instrumental parameters, which were optimized. Both methods were validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness and stability according to the ICH guidelines. The optimized ratio of mobile phase in high performance liquid chromatography under low pressure gradient mode was 30:70 % v/v of acetonitrile:glacial acetic acid 1 % , which provide a sharp peak with a short retention time of 3.910 minutes. In UV spectrophotometric analysis iso-propyl alcohol as a solvent gave adequate molar absorptivity at a λmax of 306 nm. Results indicated that both UV spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography methods were linear, precise, accurate, rugged and robust with RSD values less than 2 % and percent recovery was within the standard limits (90-110 %). Both the methods were found to be statistically non-significant at 95 % confidence intervals (p&lt;0.05) with respect to each other. The proposed methods were found to be highly effective and could be used for quantification of Ticagrelor in bulk and a tablet formulations for routine analysis.

Method Development and Validation by UV Spectrophotometric Analysis and RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Risperidone and Trihexyphenidyl

Risperidone is of the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives. Risperidone chemically name is 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1, 2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-1- piperidinyl] ethyl]-6, 7, 8, 9-tetrahydro- 2-methyl-4H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-4-one. It is effective in treating positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms with high effectiveness on 5HT and D2 receptors with less incidence of EPS.1 Trihexyphenidyl chemically name as 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-(1- piperidyl)-1-propanol.2 It treats Parkinson’s disorder and acts on a muscarinic receptor in the central nervous system.3 Both Risperidone and Trihexyphenidyl are official in IP.4 RP- HPLC and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, simultaneous estimating Risperidone and Trihexyphenidyl, has developed a validation method