UV-curable Acrylate Research Articles

POSS-functionalized polyphosphazene nanotube: preparation and effective reinforcement on UV-curable epoxy acrylate nanocomposite coatings

This study presents an efficient method of preparing functionalized poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) nanotube reinforced UV-curable materials.

Improved optical properties of silica/UV-cured polymer composite films made of hollow silica nanoparticles with a hierarchical structure for light diffuser film applications.

This study successfully improved the optical properties of silica/UV-cured polymer composite films made of hollow silica nanoparticles having a hierarchical structure. The particles were synthesized by an inorganic particle method, which involves two steps of sol-gel silica coating around the template and acid dissolution removal of the template. The pH of the acid was varied to achieve different hierarchical structures of the particles. The morphologies and surface properties of the obtained particles were characterized before dispersing in a UV-curable acrylate monomer solution to prepare dispersions for fabricating light diffuser films. The optical properties and the light diffusing ability of the fabricated films were studied. The results revealed that the increased pH of the acid provides the particles with a thinner shell, a larger hollow interior and a higher specific surface area. Moreover, the films with these particles exhibit a better light diffusing ability and a higher diffuse transmittance value when compared to those without particles. Therefore, the composite films can be used as light diffuser films, which is an essential part of optical diffusers in the back-light unit of LCDs. In addition, utilizing the hierarchical particles probably reduces the number of back-light units in the LCDs leading to energy-savings and subsequently lightweight LCDs.

Corrosion Resistance of UV-Cured Urethane Acrylate Coatings Containing Dibutyl-Substituted Poly(3,4- propylenedioxythiophene) as a Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion Resistance of UV-Cured Urethane Acrylate Coatings Containing Dibutyl-Substituted Poly(3,4- propylenedioxythiophene) as a Corrosion Inhibitor

Active corrosion protection by conductive composites of polyaniline in a UV-cured polyester acrylate coating

Polyaniline doped with phosphoric acid (PANI-PA) was synthesized and characterized by impedance and Raman spectroscopy. Exposure to UV-light resulted in a slight decrease in the PANI's electrical c ...

Tetra-functional epoxy-acrylate as crosslinker for UV curable resins: Synthesis, spectral, and thermo-mechanical studies

Abstract UV-curable tetra-functional epoxy acrylate (EA4) was newly synthesized using 4,4′-methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline). Effects of reaction temperature and epoxy/acrylic acid molar ratios on the reaction conversion were investigated. The conversion of epoxy to ester group was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy and the relative concentration of epoxy value and conversion of the reactions were calculated from FTIR data, in different intervals of the reaction time. EA4 curing under UV irradiation was studied, and the physicochemical characteristic of the cured resin was determined. DMTA, TGA and mechanical properties of the casted films were evaluated. Moreover, studies on effect of the synthesized EA4 content on properties of conventional epoxy acrylate (EA2) were carried out. According to TGA and DMTA studies, the UV-cured blend films of EA2 containing ≤9% EA4 presented film homogeneity, and improved thermal and mechanical properties. Thus, it can be used as a crosslinking agent in UV-curable formulations.

Novel Active Surface Prepared by Embedded Functionalized Clays in an Acrylate Coating.

The research on a self-decontaminating surface has received significant attention because of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces. In this study, a novel and simple technique for producing an active surface with antimicrobial functionality is demonstrated. A tethering platform was developed by grafting the biocide ampicillin (Amp) to a nanoclay and dispersing the nanoclay in a UV-curable acrylate coating applied on polypropylene films as the substrate. A coupling agent, [3-(glycidyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane, was used as a linker between the nanoclay and Amp. The Amp-functionalized clay was further modified with an organic surfactant to improve the compatibility with the coating. Several characterization assays, such as Fourier infrared transform analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction, were conducted to confirm the presence of Amp in the nanoclay. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the clay particles were well dispersed in the coating and had a partial exfoliated morphology. The active coating surface was effective in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative Salmonella Typhimurium via contact. These findings suggest the potential for the development of active surfaces with the implementation of nanotechnology to achieve diverse functionalities.

Preparation and properties of UV-curable multi-arms cardanol-based acrylates

Abstract A series of multi-arms cardanol-based acrylates (CGHA, CDHA, CTHA) were synthesized using renewable cardanols and bio-based polyols (glycerol, diglycerol, tripilyglycerol) as precursors. The structures and molecular weights of the cardanol-based acrylates were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and GPC, respectively. The synthesized multi-arms cardanol-based acrylates were used to produce UV-curable films and coatings. High mechanical strength as well as good biodegradability of the UV-cured films was obtained. The important coating film properties, such as hardness, gloss and adhesion were also investigated. The results showed that the coatings with high bio-based content exhibit good adhesion, gloss and acid-resistance, which is comparable to the soybean oil (AESO)-based and polyester acrylate.

Flexible and transparent electrode based on silver nanowires and a urethane acrylate incorporating Diels–Alder adducts

Networked structures of Ag nanowires (AgNWs) are promising candidates for producing a wide range of flexible electronic devices. Embedding AgNWs into the surface of a transparent polymer film is considered a powerful method for achieving high flexibility as well as competitive electrical/optical performance, but only if they can be suitably formed and retain their electrical characteristics when peeling the film from the substrate. Here, we synthesized a new transparent polymer by mixing a photoreactive Diels–Alder (DA) adduct with a UV-curable urethane acrylate. An interesting feature of this polymer is that the retro-DA reaction that occurs upon heating enables a smooth release of the cured polymer from the glass support, even by a manual peeling-off procedure. A comparison of the sheet resistance of the electrodes before and after peeling revealed an increase of less than 10%. The fabricated electrode was highly flexible and showed improved surface roughness. Furthermore, a satisfactory portion of the AgNWs remained exposed to air, which is optimal for their use in the fabrication of thin film devices.

The utilization of carbon nitride to reinforce the mechanical and thermal properties of UV-curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings

Abstract The waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA and Wsi-PUA) oligomers were prepared by anionic self-emulsifying method, using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), vinyl hydroxyl silicone oil (VHSO) and hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate (HEMA) as raw materials. Then, a series of UV-curable waterborne Wsi-PUA–C 3 N 4 composites containing different content of g-C 3 N 4 were obtained with oligomer and photoinitiator Darocur 1173. FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and TGA were employed to investigate the structure, morphology and thermal property of the Wsi-PUA–C 3 N 4 composite films. The effect of g-C 3 N 4 content on the performance was also investigated. The mechanical performance, water resistance and gel content of UV-PUA films were measured. It was found that with g-C 3 N 4 particle was introduced into Wsi-PUA oligomer, the hardness, tensile strength, gel content, water resistance and thermal stability of composite films were significantly augmented. Moreover, when the content of g-C 3 N 4 was 1.0 wt.%, the UV-curable film had the best mechanical property. The obtained composite is promising for a number of applications, e.g., for protecting the surfaces of metal and wood.

The quantitative effect of silica nanoparticles on optical properties of thin solid silica UV-cured films

A thin solid silica UV-cured film was prepared by coating the dispersion of commercial silica nanoparticles in a UV-curable acrylate monomer on a glass substrate using a bar coater. The silica UV-curable acrylate resin was stored for 24h in the dark for film formation and then transformed into the thin solid silica UV-cured films upon exposure to UV light at the wavelength of 254nm for 5min at ambient temperature. The amount of silica nanoparticles in the UV-cured films was varied from 1 to 30vol.% and then the optical properties of the coated glass were compared with the bare glass. The result revealed that the total transmittance of all the films is insignificantly different when the amount of silica nanoparticles increases. The total transmittance of all the coated glasses is similar to that of the bare glass indicating the transparency of the film. Although the total transmittance of the films is independent of the amount of particles, the improved diffuse transmittance of the films is obtained as the amount of particles increased. This is due to the enhanced multiple scattering that occurs in the film. The increased amount of silica nanoparticles also leads to the formation of the aggregated particles with a larger size and homogeneous dispersion as evidenced from the FE-SEM images. These indicated that the amount and distribution of the silica nanoparticles strongly affect the improved optical properties of the thin solid silica UV-cured film.

Development of Green Waterborne UV-Curable Castor Oil-Based Urethane Acrylate Coatings: Preparation and Property Analysis

A series of novel waterborne UV-curable polyurethane dispersions were synthesized from castor oil, IPDI, DMPA, and HEMA by the acetone process. The prepared UV-PUD was mixed with three different monomers and characterized for the parameters relevant to the study by physical, spectroscopic, and chemical methods. The effect of monomer type on the physicochemical and thermal properties of UV-PUDs revealed that the number of unsaturated groups present in the monomer had a pronounced effect on physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The combination of renewable resource and environmentally compliant technology give these UV-PUDs potential scope in coating applications.

Synthesis of borosilazane as UV-curable borazine-type single source precursor for SiBCN ceramic materials

Two UV-curable single source precursors of borazine derivatives [B{CH2(SiR3)}NH]3 (a-TSMB) and [B{CH(CH3)(SiR3)}NH]3 (a-TSEB) (R=acrylate group) were synthesised from chloromethyltrichlorosilane and trichlorovinylsilane as starting materials, respectively. a-TSMB and a-TSEB were characterised via Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 11B NMR and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. B and N existed in the form of a six-membered borazine ring, and the UV-curable acrylate groups were successfully introduced in both a-TSMB and a-TSEB. a-TSMB incorporated three UV-curable acrylate groups, whereas a-TSEB incorporated five or six acrylate groups. a-TSEB was used as a model to study these novel single source precursors with a borazine ring and acrylate function group because a-TSEB incorporated more UV-curable groups and its synthesis route was more accessible. The UV-activated polymerisation process of a-TSEB was studied via photo-differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that a-TSEB showed a near 84% conversion under UV radiation within 1min, and it has excellent photoreactivity and could be UV-cured rapidly. The results of scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction showed that an amorphous Si/B/N/C ceramic was produced by subjecting the pre-ceramic derived from a-TSEB to pyrolysis below 1400°C.

Synthesis and properties of UV-curable polyurethane acrylates containing fluorinated acrylic monomer/vinyltrimethoxysilane

A series of UV-curable polyurethane acrylates containing fluorinated acrylic monomer (heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate, PFA, 6 wt%)/vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS, 0–9 wt%) [FPUA6/0, FPUA6/3, FPUA6/6 and FPUA6/9, where the numbers indicate the wt% of PFA/VTMS] were synthesized from a reactive urethane oligomer (40 wt%) and diluents (60 wt%). This study examined the effect of bulky VTMS (0–9 wt%)/bulky IBOA (34–25 wt%) weight ratio on the properties of the UV-curable polyurethane acrylates for transparent anti-fouling coating materials. In the wavelength range of 400–800 nm, the transmittance % of the FPUA film samples increased markedly up to nearly 100 % with increase in the VTMS content up to 9 wt%. As the VTMS content increased, the storage modulus/tensile modulus/hardness of the UV-cured film samples increased significantly and the tensile strength/glass transition temperature increased a little; however, the elongation at break decreased significantly. XPS showed that the film–air surface of the UV-cured polyurethane acrylate film had a higher fluorine content than the film–dish interface indicating the gradient concentration of fluorine in the structure of the film from the film–air surface to the film–glass interface. As the VTMS content increased from 0 to 9 wt%, the surface tension of the UV-cured urethane acrylate films decreased from 17.2 to 15.9 mN/m, whereas the water/methylene iodide contact angles of the film–air surface increased significantly from 107.9/80.9° to 114.2.9/84.2°. These results suggest that the UV-curable polyurethane acrylate containing 9 wt% of VTMS has strong potential as a coating material for transparent antifouling applications.

Photopolymerization kinetic studies of UV-curable sulfur-containing difunctional acrylate monomers using photo-DSC

We synthesized UV-curable difunctional sulfur-containing thioacrylate and thiourethane acrylate with high refractive indices. The monomer structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photopolymerization kinetics of 3,3′-thiobis(1-(phenylthio)propane-3,2-diyl) diacrylate (SMDA) and 4,12-dioxo-6,10-bis(phenylthiomethyl)-3,13-dioxa-8-thia-5,11-diazapentadecane-1,15-diyl diacrylate (SMUA) were investigated by photo-differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC). The effects of various parameters such as the UV intensity, temperature, photoinitiator concentration, and the type of initiator were evaluated. In SMDA, as the temperature and light intensity increased, the peak maximum time tended to decrease. The conversion increased with increasing temperature up to 60 °C and light intensity up to 20 mW/cm2. The highest polymerization conversion was achieved with a PI concentration of 2.5% (w/w) with BK-6 as the PI. In SMUA, the rate of photopolymerization reached to the maximum value at 60 °C and 20 mW/cm2. For the PI concentration, the maximum conversion and polymerization rate constant were the highest with 2.5% (w/w). Also the highest conversion of polymerization was achieved using HP-8 as the PI. The activation energies of SMDA and SMUA were 3.95 and 36.01 kJ/mol, respectively. Open image in new window

Polymers with Customizable Optical and Rheological Properties for Printable Single-mode Waveguides

We report an easy way to tune the optical refractive index and viscosity of an epoxy acrylate-based host-guest system. This allows fast and precise modification of the material system for different applications like hot embossing, inkjet printing or spin coating. In combination with previous results our latest research established a method to achieve high refractive index differences by the use of two different comonomers while retaining the specific viscosity needed for replication and production methods. We used a commercially available UV-curable epoxy acrylate based polymer matrix to investigate the influence of benzyl methacrylate (BMA). This paper will show the first application of the presented material system.The viscosity of the mixtures decreased at 20°C linearly from 46 Pa·s (0 wt% BMA) to 3.5 mPa·s (100 wt% BMA), whereas the refractive index increased at the same time from 1.550 to 1.569 (@589nm, 20°C).

Synthesis and characterization of UV-curable acrylate films modified by functional methacrylate terminated polysiloxane hybrid oligomers

Methacrylate terminated polysiloxane segments migrated to the top surface of the composite UV-curable polyacrylate film.

Fabrication of quaternary phosphonium-intercalated vermiculite for reinforcing UV-curable epoxy acrylate coatings

In this study, UV-curable epoxy acrylate film was reinforced with benzyl triphenyl phosphorus chloride-intercalated vermiculite (BTPC-VMT). BTPC-VMT was prepared by intercalating benzyl triphenyl phosphorus chloride (BTPC) into vermiculite (VMT) and was used as reinforcing filler. Then, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electronic microscope results of hybrid films indicated that BTPC-VMT was well dispersed in the matrix. The hybrid films displayed enhanced tensile strength, impact strength, and pencil hardness without sacrificing elongation at break. Moreover, the thermal property of hybrid films was generally improved. The resulting hybrid films are promising for a number of applications, e.g. for metal and wood for their surface protection.

Synthesis and properties of UV-curable acrylate functionalized tung oil based resins via Diels–Alder reaction

Abstract Tung oil-inspired UV-curable resins for coating materials were synthesized by Diels–Alder reaction between tung oil and maleic anhydride (MA), then subsequent reaction with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), and final modification with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Structures of the obtained resins designated as HG-MAT and PG-MAT mainly depend on feeding ratio of MA, tung oil, and HEA (or PETA). Results of both 1 H NMR and FTIR revealed that the targeted resins were successfully prepared. The resins had broad molecular weight distributions with PDI from 1.70 to 2.20 due to the complicated side reactions. UV-curing kinetics of the resins was studied by Photo-DSC, and thermal properties of their cured films were investigated by DSC and TGA. Higher content of acrylate C C bonds led to faster curing rate but lower conversion of C C bond. The cured films had a glass transitions in the range of 40–52 °C. All the cured films possessed excellent thermal stability, and the start temperature of decomposition ( T sta ) was above 350 °C.

Biobased reactive diluent for UV-curable urethane acrylate oligomers for wood coating

Castor oil (CO)-based reactive diluent for UV-curable urethane acrylate oligomers was synthesized by the reaction of a CO with diethanolamine and the resultant product was subsequently reacted with allyl chloroformate. The reactive diluent was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR techniques. This reactive diluent was incorporated in a urethane acrylate oligomer and photoinitiator at different weight fractions varying from 5 to 25 wt% for UV curing. The effects of reactive diluent concentrations on the viscosity of the formulations along with mechanical, chemical, and optical properties of UV-curable coatings were studied. Furthermore, the cured films were evaluated for glass transition temperature (Tg) determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis. Gel content and water absorption of UV-cured films were evaluated.

Boron containing UV-curable epoxy acrylate coatings

In the present work boron acrylate monomer was synthesized by esterification reaction. UV-curable boron containing epoxy acrylate coatings were prepared and applied on plexiglass substrates to obtain thermally and mechanically stable coatings. The physical and mechanical properties of UV-cured coatings were investigated such as gel content, solvent resistance, hardness, flexibility and tensile tests. The thermal behavior of coatings was also evaluated. It was observed that the tensile properties and thermal stabilities of boron modified epoxy coatings mainly depend on the boron content.