A total of 418 adolescents completed the Revised Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student, the Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Based on self-determination theory, this study examines the relationship between academic autonomous motivation, basic psychological needs satisfaction, learning engagement, and life satisfaction. Results indicate that adolescents' academic autonomous motivation has a significant predictive effect on life satisfaction and learning engagement and that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs plays a mediating role on this predictive effect.