Utilizing Blockchain Technology Research Articles

Decentralized CP-ABE Scheme for Enhanced University Data Security Using Blockchain

In studying ample data security in universities, it is essential to protect the privacy and integrity of data. Current schemes utilize blockchain technology for data sharing, where cloud servers are responsible for storing ciphertext and performing partial encryption and decryption calculations. Data encryption technology can effectively prevent hacker attacks and ensure the integrity of data transmission. However, cloud servers that are only partially trusted may tamper with the ciphertext or return incorrect results. To solve these problems, this paper improves the privacy of access policy, attribute revocation and data authenticity of traditional CP-ABE algorithm. A protection scheme for ample public data security in universities is proposed, and a decentralized network structure based on multiple nodes is designed to improve the efficiency of data queries. The simulation results show that the scheme performs well in the scenario where the number of system attributes is moderate and the complexity of the access policy is not high.

Blockchain-enabled verification of medical records using soul-bound tokens and cloud computing

The Crucial and costly process of verifying medical documents frequently depends on centralized databases. Nevertheless, manual validation of document verification wastes a great deal of time and energy. The application of Blockchain technology could potentially alleviate the problem by reducing fraud and increasing efficiency. Non-transferable Soul-bound tokens (SBTs) can be a safe and unbreakable way to authenticate medical records by generating encrypted code, which allows the user to authenticate a portion of data. Within the paper, we provide a blockchain-based SBT-based automatic mechanism for authentication and verification of records. Soul-bound tokens generate a decentralized, immutable identity or credential system that is tied to a record. Through cloud computing, the system can reduce the verification time by accessing a decentralized database. Blockchain systems can lower platform costs and determine the optimal allocation of resources across a dispersed network by utilizing deep learning algorithms. Two advantages of utilizing blockchain technology are less fraud and increased efficiency. SBTs and cloud computing enable the procedure to be expedited and decentralized databases to be readily available. The suggested system’s scalability and potential uses in other industries may be the subject of future research.

Revolutionizing Computer Science Education: Integrating Blockchain for Enhanced Learning and Future Readiness

Abstract: This research investigates the transformative potential of incorporating blockchain technology into computer science education. In light of the rapid evolution of the digital landscape, traditional educational frameworks often fail to meet the demands of the industry, resulting in a significant skills gap among graduates. This paper analyzes how the integration of blockchain can revolutionize computer science curricula by enhancing learning experiences and equipping students to navigate future technological challenges. The study highlights the advantages of blockchain in educational contexts, including increased security and transparency of academic records, streamlined credentialing processes, and the establishment of decentralized learning platforms that promote collaboration and innovation. It presents case studies of institutions that have successfully implemented blockchain, along with strategies for educators to effectively integrate this technology into their pedagogical approaches. Additionally, the research addresses the challenges and limitations associated with blockchain integration, such as the requisite learning curve and infrastructure demands. The findings indicate that the incorporation of blockchain in computer science education can significantly boost student engagement, provide verifiable skill sets, and align academic outcomes more closely with industry requirements. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on educational innovation and offers a strategic framework for institutions aiming to utilize blockchain technology in preparing students for the future job market.

Utilizing Blockchain Technology for Healthcare and Biomedical Research: A Review

Utilizing Blockchain Technology for Healthcare and Biomedical Research: A Review

Utilizing Blockchain Technology to Secure Database from Unauthorized Modifications

Centralized database-based applications are frequently susceptible to internal threats. The data stored in a relational database can be changed by any user who has administrative access to the hosting server or database system. Moreover, this kind of user may alter the associated log files, which would make it very challenging to identify any illegal alteration. It would also be difficult to attribute the assault to privileged users as well. In this study, we propose a solution to build a service on the context of student score management based on Blockchain technology. A database system based on the Blockchain platform along with accompanying services is built to allow storage and query of student learning outcomes. The database security system operates in parallel with the current system while still ensuring transparency, security and integrity of data. We develop a verification module that uses Blockchain to verify the integrity of the corresponding tuples and identify any unwanted modifications. Oracle database, RESTful API, and Hyperledger Fabric have all been used in the implementation of our method. Our findings show that the overhead of integrity checking remains constant per tuple in the results of a query and increases linearly using real data and SQL queries of different types and complexity.

Secure collaborative EHR Sharing using multi-authority attribute-based proxy re-encryption in Web 3.0

Web 3.0 represents a transformative shift toward a decentralized, intelligent, and user-centric Internet. Existing electronic health record (EHR) sharing systems depend on centralized cloud servers for storage and management, with hospitals serving as primary custodians. This centralization often results in patients losing control and visibility over their EHR data, including who accesses it and how it is utilized, which contradicts the decentralized principles of Web 3.0. In this context, we propose a multi-authority attribute-based proxy re-encryption scheme that facilitates collaborative EHR sharing in Web 3.0. Our design allows the updating of ciphertext policies, thereby eliminating the need for frequent re-encryption of plaintext data amid varying cross-domain access policies. Furthermore, our scheme utilizes blockchain technology to create a decentralized and transparent environment that enables traceable cross-domain EHR sharing records. Additionally, we integrate hybrid encryption with decentralized data hosting platforms, significantly reducing the on-chain storage burden. The use of smart contracts automates the cross-domain EHR sharing and guarantees a fair distribution of benefits among all participants. Security analysis confirms that our scheme is secure against chosen plaintext attacks and resistant to collusion. Performance analysis and simulation experiments validate the efficiency and robustness of our scheme.

Leveraging tokenization in blockchain-based circular economy: A paradigm shift towards sustainable resource management

Utilizing blockchain technology and circular supply chain management can bring about significant changes in achieving sustainability and enhancing resource utilization. This study highlights the significant role of tokenization in promoting sustainable resource management within blockchain-based circular supply chains. Tokenization provides a secure and efficient way to digitize assets, creating incentives, and facilitating efficient exchange within these supply chains. The paper explores in detail the benefits of tokenization, including faster transaction settlement, cost savings, democratization of access, transparency enhancement, and reduced infrastructure costs. It emphasizes that tokenization is a pivotal tool for promoting the transition towards a circular economy model. The study also acknowledges the challenges and limitations of tokenization, including regulatory issues, interoperability, and standardization challenges, among others, and provides recommendations for effective implementation. Overall, the paper highlights the potential of tokenization to revolutionize how we exchange ideas, information, and money through blockchain-based circular supply chains and emphasizes its significance in promoting sustainable resource management.

Smart Transportation Systems: IOT-enabled Traffic Management & Vehicle-to-infrastructure Communication

Recently, there has been a substantial increase in the number of cars on the road. Escalating traffic congestion is a widespread problem that folks face on a daily basis. The manual control of traffic-by-traffic police has shown to be ineffective. “Furthermore, the signal's set duration has failed to effectively address this issue, regardless of the level of traffic congestion. This research presents a communication system called Vehicle-to-Blockchain (V2B), which utilizes blockchain technology to enable transparent and decentralized communications. The aim is to optimize the incorporation of blockchain technology into V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) and IoT (Internet of Things) systems, therefore enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of future transportation systems. We present a range of advanced applications for blockchain technology, such as a car ownership system that utilizes the multi-token standard, a vehicle grading system, the integration of blockchain with the Internet of Things (IoT), and a decentralized ticket administration system for transportation services. The design places a high emphasis on essential elements such as the seamless integration of data, precise precision, and the establishment of secure connections. Furthermore, it includes a decentralized payment system and marketplace for transportation inside smart cities. Our main focus is on the technical execution of smart contracts in these particular scenarios, highlighting their importance in guaranteeing strong and dependable interactions. Our decentralized approach creates a transportation ecosystem that has the ability to adjust and fulfill the evolving requirements of intelligent urban areas. It is groundbreaking, durable, and capable

Fake Product Detection with Blockchain Technology

Consumers and brands are at serious risk due to the growth of counterfeit goods, especially in regions like Nigeria. Conventional techniques, such border inspections and market raids by the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON), are inadequate for detecting counterfeit goods. To ensure traceability, transparency, and immutability in the supply chain, this article suggests utilizing blockchain technology. The decentralized and encrypted characteristics of blockchain, when bolstered by smart contracts, enable efficient product tracking from producers to end users, hence impeding the infiltration of fake goods. Using a permissioned blockchain network, this system attempts to confirm the legitimacy of products at every point along the supply chain—manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and end users. The Remix IDE is used to deploy and test Ethereum-based smart contracts that were created in Solidity for the proposed system. This blockchain-based strategy aims to decrease the spread of counterfeit goods, protect consumer confidence, and preserve brand reputation. To offer a user-friendly interface for wider accessibility, future advancements will link this system with decentralized apps (DApps).

Connect to Crowd

Crowdsourcing (CS) involves gathering needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a broad audience, particularly from online communities. In our proposed system, we aim to implement a budget-constrained online crowdsourcing framework by introducing a two-tiered social crowdsourcing architecture. To improve these models, we create incentive mechanisms that enhance computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget feasibility, cost accuracy, and time accuracy. Crowdsourcing platforms are vital for promoting transparency and collaboration among participants, all while reducing resource use and costs. To support this, these platforms include mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating worker performance. Our project introduces a secure multi-tiered worker quality evaluation framework utilizing blockchain technology. Our Proof of Concept (PoC) analysis demonstrates that blockchain effectively addresses security concerns such as trust, privacy, and accountability in current worker performance evaluation systems

Effecting the adoption of blockchain technology enablers in supply chain sustainability with green hydrogen acceptance role as a mediator: Evidence from complex decarbonization industries in the United Arab Emirates

The industrial sector is undergoing a pervasive digital transformation in the current landscape, particularly in steel, cement, chemicals, and refineries. These are collectively termed "complex decarbonization industries (CDI)," where reducing emissions poses a significant challenge. Green hydrogen (GH) production, conducted sustainability, represents an innovative solution that facilitates energy storage and reduces reliance on fossil fuels. However, producing green hydrogen requires effective management and flexible strategic decisions to ensure transparency and environmental friendliness. This paper utilizes blockchain technology enablers (BCTE) to track carbon emissions and ensure the origin of green gas in these sectors while independently exploring its relationship to a sustainable supply chain (SSC). GH is presented as a mediating variable in this relationship. Utilizing a cross-sectional methodology, the research gathered data via interviews and an online survey from 462 employees in companies participating in the 2022 Shams Dubai program under the aegis of the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority in the UAE. The Structural Equation Modeling - Analysis of Moment Structures (SEM-AMOS) technique was used to perform the statistical analyses. Based on interviews and survey results in the UAE's CDI, the findings show that BCTE directly impacts SSC's social and environmental dimensions, while its effect on the economic dimension is negative. However, when GH mediated this relationship, the results were indirectly positive in enhancing the SSC in complex decarbonization industries without any negative environmental effects. Adopting GH is a way to reward sustainable behavior. The findings of this study could inform the UAE's policymaking, particularly in designing incentives for GH adoption in industrial sectors and creating regulatory frameworks that encourage BCTE integration for energy tracking and emissions reduction. This approach could serve as a model for similar economies striving for sustainable industrial practices.

User Acceptance of Blockchain Technology in Financial Applications: Information Security, Technology Awareness and Privacy Aspects

Blockchain technology is now an advanced and innovative database technology and the attributes of blockchains are apparent in a variety of industries, especially in the financial industry. One of the most famous blockchain use cases, cryptocurrencies, has provoked much interest in social network users and customers. According to CoinMarketCap’s information, the global crypto market capitalization has reached around USD 2.37 T and there are around 9975 different cryptocurrencies available in the market. Despite the fact that academia and industry have paid much attention towards the blockchain direction, there is not much research on the factors that influence customer acceptability. This paper studies blockchains from a different angle, probing the factors prompting customers to use financial applications that utilize blockchain technology. We established the model and sorted the individual factors of perceived information security, technology awareness and privacy and found that users’ acceptance is significantly affected by information security and technology awareness, while privacy does not significantly influence users. According to the findings, we provide useful insights for application developers, conclude by presenting the limitations of the research and provide guidelines for future research.

Blockchain-Enabled Provenance and Supply Chain Governance for Indigenous Foods and Botanicals: A Design Approach Study

Ensuring Indigenous producers realize and capture provenance value from the native foods and botanicals supply chain is a key part of achieving economic, community, and ecological sustainability for Indigenous communities. Utilizing blockchain technology to support validated provenance claims throughout supply chain processes is an important intervention toward achieving this objective. This paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing project in which blockchain technology underpins a “whole of supply chain” approach to addressing issues of provenance value claims and how these are validated within a digitalized environment. The paper focuses on the overarching objectives of achieving provenance value-based growth, and sustainability within a collaborative governance framework that reflects Indigenous community practice. We discuss how technology design and application developments have been undertaken in the context of a cooperative governance model, with the long-term view of enabling ecosystem participants to share responsibility for system development, operations, and benefits. The paper presents a provenance claims approach anchored in a Resources, Events, and Agents (REA) framework. It showcases the first version of a digital application that was developed by engaging a user community. How the application may be applied to other sectors is also briefly explored.

An Optimized Encryption Storage Scheme for Blockchain Data Based on Cold and Hot Blocks and Threshold Secret Sharing.

In recent years, with the rapid development of blockchain technology, the issues of storage load and data security have attracted increasing attention. Due to the immutable nature of data on the blockchain, where data can only be added and not deleted, there is a significant increase in storage pressure on blockchain nodes. In order to alleviate this burden, this paper proposes a blockchain data storage strategy based on a hot and cold block mechanism. It employs a block heat evaluation algorithm to assess the historical and correlation-based heat indicators of blocks, enabling the identification of frequently accessed block data for storage within the blockchain nodes. Conversely, less frequently accessed or "cold" block data are offloaded to cloud storage systems. This approach effectively reduces the overall storage pressure on blockchain nodes. Furthermore, in applications such as healthcare and government services that utilize blockchain technology, it is essential to encrypt stored data to safeguard personal privacy and enforce access control measures. To address this need, we introduce a blockchain data encryption storage mechanism based on threshold secret sharing. Leveraging threshold secret sharing technology, the encryption key for blockchain data is fragmented into multiple segments and distributed across network nodes. These encrypted key segments are further secured through additional encryption using public keys before being stored. This method serves to significantly increase attackers' costs associated with accessing blockchain data. Additionally, our proposed encryption scheme ensures that each block has an associated encryption key that is stored alongside its corresponding block data. This design effectively mitigates vulnerabilities such as weak password attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves efficient encrypted storage of data while concurrently reducing the storage pressure experienced by blockchain nodes.

Shielding Public Health: Indonesian National Police (INP)’s Measure Against COVID-19 Vaccine Certificate Forgery

The purpose of this study is to discuss the benefits of implementing several strategies carried out during the COVID-19 period. COVID-19 vaccine certificate forgery has posed a threat to public health. The Indonesian National Police (INP) has implemented various strategies to overcome this crime. The intervention strategies involve early detection and prevention, such as cyber patrol, border control, public involvement, and strict law enforcement. Other countries have also carried out similar measures; however, there are several additional strategies, such as the formation of a special force as well as utilizing blockchain technology for a more secure digital vaccine certificate system. These strategies could be a benchmark for the INP in handling cases of letter forgery.

Credible calculation method for regional corrected carbon emission factors taking into account the nearby consumption of renewable energy

Abstract The carbon emission factor of the power grid is a key data indicator for measuring the carbon emission level on the user side. Currently, the carbon emission factor of the power grid is not sufficient to accurately express the regional carbon emission level, and especially cannot accurately reflect the regional new energy consumption level, which affects user confidence in emission reduction and the accuracy of carbon emission quota issuance. Therefore, this article utilizes blockchain technology and carbon emission flow theory to realize the impact of user-side self-generated and self-used photovoltaics (PV) on carbon emission factors. We have constructed a residual power grid correction model, designed a blockchain intelligent terminal module and functional requirements, ensured the correctness of the model and results from the source, solved the problem of data tampering and insufficient data credibility generated by terminal devices at the source, and ultimately helped achieve the dual carbon goal.

Toward next-generation networks: A blockchain-based approach for core network architecture and roaming identity verification

With the evolution of next-generation communication networks, ensuring robust Core Network (CN) architecture and data security has become paramount. This paper addresses critical vulnerabilities in the architecture of CN and data security by proposing a novel framework based on blockchain technology that is specifically designed for communication networks. Traditional centralized network architectures are vulnerable to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, particularly in roaming scenarios where there is also a risk of private data leakage, which imposes significant operational demands. To address these issues, we introduce the Blockchain-Enhanced Core Network Architecture (BECNA) and the Secure Decentralized Identity Authentication Scheme (SDIDAS). The BECNA utilizes blockchain technology to decentralize data storage, enhancing network security, stability, and reliability by mitigating Single Points of Failure (SPoF). The SDIDAS utilizes Decentralized Identity (DID) technology to secure user identity data and streamline authentication in roaming scenarios, significantly reducing the risk of data breaches during cross-network transmissions. Our framework employs Ethereum, free5GC, Wireshark, and UERANSIM tools to create a robust, tamper-evident system model. A comprehensive security analysis confirms substantial improvements in user privacy and network security. Simulation results indicate that our approach enhances communication CNs security and reliability, while also ensuring data security.

Utilizing Blockchain Technology to Modernize Police Operations: Ensuring Security, Transparency, and Efficiency

This article explores the transformative potential of blockchain technology in police operations, focusing on enhancing security, transparency, and efficiency. Initially recognized for its role in cryptocurrencies, blockchain's inherent immutability and distributed ledger features are now being leveraged to revolutionize data management within law enforcement. The technology ensures the secure, auditable, and tamper-resistant recording of all transactions and data related to police operations, from investigation records to evidence management, ensuring accessibility only to authorized personnel. Key areas examined include the enhancement of security and transparency through blockchain's immutable and distributed records, ensuring data integrity and evidence management by providing an unalterable record of all transactions and data, and improving interoperability among various police departments and agencies. The integration of advanced technologies like Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Layer 2 solutions further strengthens privacy protection and operational speed, contributing to a more efficient and reliable police information system. Practical implementations in police departments worldwide, such as Delhi Police's blockchain initiative for evidence tracking and Dubai Police's collaboration with Cardano Blockchain for secure data sharing, demonstrate significant improvements in transparency, integrity, and security of processes. The article concludes by addressing the ongoing challenges of scalability, interoperability, and privacy, emphasizing the need for continued development and standardization to fully realize blockchain's benefits in modernizing police operations. By evaluating these aspects, the article highlights blockchain's critical role in the digital transformation of law enforcement, promoting greater public trust and cooperation among police units at both national and international levels.

BEFF-SIGS: blockchain-enhanced fog framework- securing IoT data integrity and green sustainability through scalable authentication-authorization

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework designed to address security concerns in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment while contributing to the global Green Environment Initiative. The proposed mechanism utilizes a secure and scalable Authentication-Authorization system, employing JSON Web Token (JWT) and Casbin to ensure that only authorized entities access critical data. Data processing is strategically offloaded to the fog layer to enhance scalability and reduce latency, optimizing IoT data handling. The framework actively supports environmental sustainability by promoting eco-friendly practices within industrial setups. Industries are incentivized to embrace environmentally responsible approaches through tax incentives, fostering a greener future. Our model is a robust mechanism to guarantee the consistency and authenticity of the data stored in the cloud environment, offering assurance against potential tampering attempts by securing data integrity. This holistic approach demonstrates how governments can leverage cutting-edge technology to incentivize industries and promote a sustainable and eco-friendly future. Utilizing blockchain technology ensures unparalleled transparency, robust security, and tamper-resistant record-keeping. We evaluate the impact on network consumption, latency, and energy consumption for analyzing the performance of the proposed system. The proposed framework offers better latency, network efficiency, and distributed computational power as major benefits over depending exclusively on cloud resources in IoT deployments.

A blockchain-centric P2P trading framework incorporating carbon and energy trades

The rise of prosumers – individuals who both produce and consume energy – presents a significant opportunity to reshape energy markets and achieve carbon neutrality. However, current energy trading models struggle to effectively track emissions and incentivize sustainable consumption behaviors. This study introduces a novel, blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) platform for trading carbon allowances, designed to empower prosumers and revolutionize energy consumption patterns. Utilizing blockchain technology, the platform enables direct, transparent, and secure transactions between prosumers, creating a decentralized market where they can set their own prices for carbon allowances. This dynamic and competitive environment empowers prosumers to take control of their energy consumption and incentivizes the adoption of sustainable practices. The platform also incorporates a decentralized reward system targeting specific consumption habits, promoting behaviors that reduce carbon emissions. Empirical evidence and theoretical justification within the study highlight the platform’s potential to transform energy consumption patterns. The transparent and verifiable nature of blockchain technology addresses the limitations of existing centralized and aggregator-based trading methods. The proposed platform provides a robust framework for tracking carbon emissions, promoting sustainable consumption, and empowering prosumers to actively participate in the energy transition. This innovative solution addresses the challenges faced by prosumers in the energy market, paving the way for a more sustainable and equitable future.