Utilization Of Urban Water Resources Research Articles

Evaluation of the Water Resource Carrying Capacity on the North Slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China

Water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) is essential for characterizing the harmony between humans and water resources in an area. Investigation of the WRCC is useful for guiding the sustainable development of a region. The northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is an important area for the economic development of Xinjiang, China. In recent years, the supply of water in the area barely satisfies the demand. To quantitatively evaluate the WRCC, data for four indicators including the water resources, social and economic development, and ecological environment of the area were utilized. The comprehensive weighting method, which combines the entropy and analytic hierarchy processes, was used to assess these indicators. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was employed to evaluate the urban WRCC of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain for 2018. The results showed urban WRCC values varying between good and moderate for the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, and this indicates that the study area is in a loadable state. Although the water supply can meet the development of cities on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains to a certain extent at this stage, because it is located in the arid region of western China, the shortage and uneven distribution of water resources are one of the biggest limiting factors for the future development of this region. The findings of the present study provide a basis for the development, rational allocation, and sustainable utilization of urban water resources on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.

Evaluation of urban water security based on DPSIR model

Assessment of urban water security is an important scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of urban water resources. This study established an evaluation model for urban water security based on DPSIR model, entropy method and comprehensive index method. The model was applied to Gong Qingcheng City (GQCC) in Jiangxi Province, China. An indicator system is developed based on four aspects including social development, water resources status, water pollution and water resources management, as well as summing up predecessors’ experience. This study analysed per capita domestic water consumption; ratio of ecological water compensation; percentage of water conservancy and public infrastructure investment; and water consumption per ten thousand yuan of industrial output value; where ratio of urban sewage treatment are the main effects on urban water security. The results of single index evaluation show that the change of stress subsystem was most dramatic from 2013 to 2017, while others were relatively stable. This indicates that positive interventions were urgently needed to relieve pressure of the stress subsystem. The results of comprehensive index evaluation show that water security at GQCC was in a critical state. In this paper, the causal relationship between social development and water security was clarified while the main factors and other factors affecting urban water security was identified. Finally, a reference for the formulation of urban development planning based on water resources demand was provided.

Assessment on water resources carrying capacity in karst areas by using an innovative DPESBRM concept model and cloud model

The shortage of water resources in karst areas is mainly caused by the development of karst landforms, poor availability of water resources and the difficulty of utilization. To reasonably evaluate water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) of karst areas, based on characteristics of urban water resources utilization in karst areas, this study put forward DPESBRM (Driver-Pressure-Engineering water shortage-State-Ecological basis-Response-Management) concept model the first time to build an urban evaluation index system of WRCC in karst areas. Based on this index system and in allusion to uncertainties that exist during the evaluation process, a cloud model is used to represent index weights and perform comprehensive evaluation calculations, which fully considers the randomness and ambiguity of evaluation objects. WRCC from 2009 to 2018 were evaluated and were classified as five grades (Serious overload – Overload – Critical – Weak carrying capacity – Strong carrying capacity). Results proved that WRCC had improved year after year, gradually changing from a serious overload state in 2009 to a strong carrying capacity state in 2018. 2009 and 2016 were classified as I grade (serious overload). 2010 and 2011 were classified as II grade (overload). 2012, 2013 and 2015 were classified as IV grade (weak bearing capacity). 2014, 2017 and 2018 were classified as V grade (strong bearing capacity). Cloud model assessment results are compared with that of TOPSIS method, and assessment results are basically unanimous. It shows that the established WRCC evaluation method based on cloud model in this study is reasonable and feasible. Population density, urbanization rate and per capital water consumption are important driving factors affecting WRCC. Hence, strengthening the construction of water conservancy facilities, optimizing the water consumption structure, improving the efficiency of industrial water use, reducing per capital water consumption, and narrowing urban water supply and demand gap are important measures to ensure WRCC.

Analysis on the evaluation of sustainable utilization of water resources by extension evaluation method

In order to timely understand the status of sustainable utilization of urban water resources and to effectively plan and manage the use of water resources, in this study, an extension evaluation method is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization of water resources. Firstly, a sustainable utilization index system of water resources is constructed from the perspectives of water resources conditions, development and utilization, social economy, ecological environment, and water resources management. Then, according to the incompatibility and relevance of some indexes, the extension evaluation model is established based on the theory of extension evaluation. Finally, the extension evaluation model constructed in this study is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization of water resources in X city. The results show that the level of sustainable utilization of water resources in X city is level M, which is consistent with the current reality of the sustainable utilization of water resources in X city and verifies that the extension model proposed in this study is feasible. Extension matter-element model has more advantages in fine analysis and trend analysis. This study provides a good theoretical basis for the management and utilization of water resources in China.

Research on Rational Utilization of Urban Water Resources Based on Sponge City Theory-Making Comparison between China and Singapore

Water resources are indispensable for human survival and production activities, but the world’s per capita sharing of water resources are not optimistic. With the acceleration of social development and industrialization, people pay more attention to economic development than the protection of water resources. Water pollution and waste have also worsened the issue of water scarcity. China, as the most populous country in the world, is particularly struggling for water shortage. Therefore, the research on the rational use of water resources is of great significance to China’s sustainable and healthy development. This paper analyzes the difficulties of water resources utilization and the issue of under-utilization of domestic water resources in China. It then accordingly proposes recommendations by comparing the current situation of sponge city construction at home and abroad. It is found that we are now facing the difficulties of water shortages, water resources waste and pollution in China on water use. What’s more, the fact that sponge city construction is mainly carried out in emerging cities indicates that we can learn from the successful experience of other countries like Singapore to make overall planning for regions and by time according to the national condition of China. Specifically speaking, the problems concerning water resources in different cities will be solved based on their local conditions.

The Study on water diversion and allocation of Subaiwei hydrographic net area in Changshu

In this paper, the current situation of river network in Subaiwei, Changshu was simulated by building the one-dimensional non-constant dynamic model of river network, in order to come up with the best water diversion-allocation scheme and the effect of scheduling rules and water diversion time on the ability of changing water in polder areas. The aim of this study was to recover the connectivity and fluency of the river network, which was benefit to the sustainable utilization of urban water resources, the construction of ecological civilization, and the healthy development of economy and society.

Sustainable ecological Hunhe river system design thinking

Based on the design and research of the sustainable development of the ecological water system in the Hunhe River, the focus is on environmental pollution brought about by the large-scale industrialization in the Central region of Liaoning Province the issue of efficient and low-carbon logistics transportation among urban economic groups and the problem of recycling and utilization of urban water resources. It is required that while ensuring the rapid economic development, we must actively build a green economy development system in accordance with the laws of ecological development. Design the annual navigation system of Hunhe and establish the inland (Shenyang Sihuan) to Yingkou estuary, accelerating the rapid and efficient flow of materials along the river.

Research and exploration on rational utilization of urban water resources and environment

Research and exploration on rational utilization of urban water resources and environment

Changing Characteristics of the Water Consumption Structure in Nanjing City, Southern China

Understanding the changes in water consumption structure in order to take measures for demand control is very important for sustainable water resources management. In this study, using the Southern China area of Nanjing as an example, we employed the information entropy method to analyze the water consumption structure, as well as the grey incidence analysis to analyze synthetic incidence degree of the factors associated with agricultural, industrial, domestic, and ecological water consumption. The results show that the degree of balance among water consumption sectors has increased from 0.755 to 0.825 between 1993 and 2014. Gradual decrease of the relative proportion of a single water user structure in a water consumption system has made the utilization of water resources in Nanjing rational and diversified. The study identifies three stages of transformation of water structure in Nanjing, namely, a growth period from 1993 to 2002, an adjustment period from 2003 to 2010, and another growth period from 2011 to 2014. The synthetic incidence degree analysis indicates that adjustments of the agricultural and industrial water consumption as well as water saving measures are the main factors that affected water consumption structure in Nanjing. It is expected that the results obtained from this study will provide references to optimize the utilization of urban water resources.

Simulation study of the sustainable utilization of urban water resources based on system dynamics: a case study of Jiamusi

To achieve sustainable utilization of urban water resources and sustainable social and economic development and to relieve the supply–demand pressure related to water resources in Jiamusi, a simulation model based on system dynamics theory is established to identify the feedback mechanism and the causal relationship among the factors affecting the sustainable utilization of water resources. The conditions regarding the utilization of water resources in Jiamusi in 2010 are taken as the benchmark for the model, and the supply–demand structure of urban water resources and the geographical characteristics of the region are used as the basis for its establishment. The model is divided into five subsystems described by 64 variables to simulate the supply–demand structure of the water resources in the region, as well as both the individual supply and demand structures, and thus to obtain the supply–demand conditions and the trends of variation in water resources in the short, medium and long terms. The results show that seriously unbalanced supply–demand conditions for water resources will prevail in Jiamusi in the future. By 2030, the supply–demand ratio will be only 0.5987; the level of development and utilization of surface water resources and transit water resources will be relatively low, and the groundwater resources will still be suffering excessive exploitation; the industrial water demand will be greatly increased, and agricultural development will be restricted. With a focus on the problems that may arise in the utilization of water resources at present and in the future, a proposal regarding the realization of the sustainable utilization of water resources and sustainable social and economic development in Jiamusi is presented. The outcomes of this research have important theoretical and practical significance for providing guidance regarding the scientific and reasonable utilization of water resources in Jiamusi.

Comprehensive assessment and hierarchical management of the sustainable utilization of urban water resources based on catastrophe theory

Evaluation of sustainable utilization of urban water resources is a multi-criteria comprehensive assessment system that needs judgment of decision makers in making decision. To avoid subjectivity of decision makers in the assessment, evaluation method based on catastrophe theory was introduced in this study. A model for assessing sustainable utilization of urban water resources was developed using the method of catastrophe. The model integrated multiple assessment indices of sustainable utilization of water resources according to the inherent contradictions and relative importance of indices without calculating weighs. The model was applied by evaluating the sustainable utilization levels of the water resources of Dalian, China, from 2001 to 2011. Results showed that Dalian had its strongest sustainable level of water resources in 2005 (0.7705). The comprehensive sustainable utilization level in 2002 was the lowest among the 11assessed years (0.4481). The comprehensive sustainable utilization levels of Dalian from 2001 to 2011 were above the ‘generally recognized as sustainable level’. Water resources per capita, seawater intrusion, urbanization, and per capita daily water consumption were the main factors for destroying the sustainable utilization of water resources in Dalian. Decision makers of water resources management should pay more attention to ground water management and adopt more appropriate measures to control water consumption. The model involves simple calculations and requires no index weighing, while at the same time providing a new technique for the comprehensive assessment and hierarchical management of the sustainable use of urban water resources.

A study of the distribution and composition of pollutants in snow collected from streets and a treatment system for recycling snow in winter cities

AbstractIn winter, cold cities have a severe shortage of water resources. Snow is a potential water resource, and the effective classification and recycling of snow is, therefore, significant for addressing the sustainable utilization of urban water resources in cities during the winter months. In this study, the water quality and pollutant composition of snow collected along a transect across a typical street were analyzed to develop an on-site treatment technique based on the classification of snow water. The levels of suspended substances, COD, salt, ammonia, and oil in snow from urban streets were relatively high. The salinity, conductivity, and chloride levels were also high due to the application of a snow-melting agent. Twenty-nine major pollutants were identified, and the oily substances were dominated by hexadecane accompanied by toxic substances such as BTEX and naphthalene. Snow can adsorb and receive pollutants from the streets, while becoming a carrier for pollutants. The underground space be...

Research on Assessment Index System for Sustainable Utilization of Urban Water Resources

Evaluation of regional water resources sustainable utilization provides a scientific basis for further water resources utilization and social economic sustainable development. How to use a scientific and rational assessment index system to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources becomes more important. This paper mainly studied on the assessment index system construction for sustainable utilization of urban water resources. A total of 30 indicators were selected to establish for urban water resources sustainable use of the evaluation system.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Urban Water Resources Utilization Based on Dynamic Reduct

As a pre-requisite for optimal urban water resource management, the challenge of devising a comprehensive evaluation method of urban water resource utilization has for years caught the attention of researchers and stakeholders. Yet, even when dealing with the complicated water resource management system comprising of large amounts of vague and incomplete data, an accurate assessment or useful indicators obtained from such data can be of great assistance to municipal managers and policy makers. This article presents a DRAEW algorithm based on (F-λ)-dynamic reduct method for generating evaluation rules from historical local water environmental data. The proposed method introduces a conditional probability classifier for equivalence class and (F-λ)-dynamic reduct method for feature extraction and decision rules generation to classify ambiguous undecided objects. The approach is tested using data from Beijing whose water scarcity problem not only represents a microcosm of China but generally illustrates the value of the new approach. The result based on DRAEW algorithm brings the provisional conclusion that Beijing’s water status is likely to decline, a result which could greatly assist policy makers and water managers make better decisions.

Modeling for Water Resources Utilization of Beijing

In order to predict urban water resources utilization more accurately, this paper respectively applied unbiased grey GM (1, 1) model, nonlinear model and combined model of them to calculate water consumption of Beijing from the year 2001 to 2010. Because different cities have different natures, each model used for predicting a specific city may have some disadvantages. Through weighted coefficients, combine the two model unbiased grey model with nonlinear model as weighted combined model. With accuracy testing methods, we concluded the accuracy of each model. The results showed that combination of unbiased grey GM(1,1) model with nonlinear model had highest accuracy than the other single model. The error variance of the predicting result of the unbiased grey GM (1, 1) predicting model was small but the average absolute error of that was large, but the error variance of the result of nonlinear prediction model was large and the average absolute error of this was small. This weighted combination model can integrate advantages of the above two kinds of model and make the result more accurate and reliable, which can be used in the short term and the long term prediction of urban water consumption. Water utilization of Beijing in 2020 was forecasted through the combined model is that the industrial water use is about 1805 million cubic meters and life water use is only 197 million cubic meters.

A Proposal and Application of the Integrated Benefit Assessment Model for Urban Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization

With increasing diversity in the measures for the exploitation and utilization of urban water resources, an integrated assessment of these methods, social, economic and environmental, has become a pressing necessity so as to maintain a sustainable development. An integrated benefit assessment model (IBAM) for the urban-water-resource-related policies is therefore established on the basis of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A system of integrated benefit assessment indices (SIBAI), with comprehensive reflections on social, economic and environmental interests, is proposed, guided by the sustainable concept and the cyclic economic philosophy. The IBAM and SIBAI are then applied to such cases as water recycling, seawater desalination, and the South-to-North diversion project, in Tianjin city. The results of the comprehensive assessment of these instances can be a theoretical basis for the planning of the exploitation and utilization of water resources in Tianjin, and the proposed IBAM may be conducive to the sustainable decision-making on water policies for urban areas in general.

Modeling Multisource Multiuser Water Resources Allocation

Water shortage emerges and restricts the urban construction and the socio-economy development due to the rapid expansion of the cities throughout the world. Recently treated wastewater reuse, including rainwater collection and utilization, and seawater desalination, etc., has been put in practice in some cities. This paper presents the characteristics of urban multisource water and multiuser and a multi-objective optimization model of reasonable allocation on multisource water for multiuser under sufficiently considering the harmonious development among economy, society and environment. As a case study this model had been applied to the reasonable allocation of water supply and demand in Dalian City in 2010, 2015 and 2020, in which the maximal benefit of economy, society and environment was regarded as the multi-objectives and the step method was adopted to solve the model. The result indicates that the proportion of the reused water to the total water consumption is gradually increasing, but the proportion of the high quality water to the total water consumption is decreasing. In other words, as a secondary water resource, the reused water has replaced partial high quality water gradually. Consequently, the reasonable allocation of urban multisource water for multiuser is the available approach to alleviate urban water crisis and achieve the sustainable utilization of urban water resources.