Utilization Of Urban Underground Space Research Articles

An intelligent planning model for the development and utilization of urban underground space with an application to the Luohu District in Shenzhen

Development and utilization of Urban underground space (UUS) is one of the key ways for developing sustainable cities. However, the development and utilization of UUS is currently occurring in a passive manner, lacking proactive and quantitative planning. In this paper, an intelligent planning model was established to guide the future development and utilization of UUS. The proposed model, in which more than twenty factors were considered, is capable of analysing the suitability of UUS development in different regions and at different depths. In addition, an improved artificial intervention genetic algorithm (AIGA) with an additional correlation operator was integrated into the proposed model to achieve the optimal two-dimensional (2D) planning scheme by quantitively analysing the matching of the ground surface and underground space, and the compactness and suitability of underground space. A three-dimensional (3D) planning scheme was obtained by analysing the stratification of the underground space and hierarchical development. The proposed intelligent planning model was, subsequently, applied to the development and utilization of UUS in Luohu District in Shenzhen. An analysis of the geological conditions and the current construction status of the ground surface showed that 69.4% of the underground space is suitable for shallow layer developments, and this proportion further increases to 76% for the sub-shallow, sub-deep and deep layers, indicating that the Luohu District is highly suitable for developing underground space. Furthermore, the derived optimal 2D planning scheme indicated that the suitability component plays a greater important role in the objective values than the matching and compactness components, and more attentions should be paid to the development of municipal facilities in the shallow layer in Luohu District. The derived 3D planning scheme of Luohu District showed the characteristics of an “inverted cone”, where the utilization rate significantly decreases with increasing depth. The findings in this paper provide new insights for the future development and utilization of UUS.

A collaborative approach for urban underground space development toward sustainable development goals: Critical dimensions and future directions

The utilization of urban underground space (UUS) offers an effective solution to urban problems but may also negatively affect urban development. Therefore, UUS development needs better concerted guidelines to coordinate various urban systems and the multiple components of the underground world. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which should be viewed as important yardsticks for UUS development, do not explicitly mention urban underground space, although many of them are affected by both the positive and negative consequences of its development. To fill this gap, this review lays the foundations of relevant UUS concepts and uses exemplary cases to reveal that 11 out of 17 SDGs can be linked with UUS uses. These linkages also manifest that land administration, integrated planning, architectural design, and construction technology are critical dimensions for increasing the contributions of UUS to the realization of SDGs. To achieve multi-disciplinary synergies among these four critical dimensions, a collaborative approach framework based on spatial data infrastructure is required. Thus, this work provides academics and practitioners with a holistic view of sustainable UUS development.

Comprehensive Analysis of Technical Management of Urban Underground Rail Transit Construction: A Case Study of Chengdu Metro Line 17

With the advancement and strengthening of urbanization, supercities are continually emerging; however, the traffic problems that accompany this growth actually hinder urban development. Thus, construction of an urban underground rail transit system is an important civil project for utilization of urban underground space. In particular, numerous railway and tunnel projects have been implemented in China during the past few decades with great progress made in rail transit construction technology. Nonetheless, many technical challenges have also been encountered in areas of design, construction, safe operation, and maintenance. To examine such problems, the Phase I project of China’s Chengdu Metro Line 17 is comprehensively analyzed as a case study, and an in-depth discussion is given on the construction technology and technical management practices. The data obtained in the management process are classified and archived to form a complete dataset of technical project management. After the project is completed, the experience and lessons in technical management will be summarized to form reference material for similar projects in the future.

Application of active anti-floating in underground structure based on automatic drainage system

With the continuous rapid development of China’s economy and the rapid progress of urbanization, the development and utilization of urban underground space continues to develop downward, and the problem of anti-floating of underground structures is increasingly prominent. Passive anti-floating methods will continue to increase engineering costs while increasing structural resistance. The anti-float method reduces the base buoyancy while reducing the project cost accordingly. Through “plus” and “minus” comparative study, the advantages of the active anti-floating method for underground structures based on automatic drainage systems are highlighted, combined with specific engineering practices and application effects. To further confirm the advantages of the active anti-floating method for underground structures based on automatic drainage systems.

Suitability evaluation of underground space development in Dalian

Rational development and utilization of urban underground space has become an important measure to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of land resources, improve urban capacity and optimize urban layout. Underground space is an important part of the geological environment because of its natural resources. Unreasonable development will lead to geological environment problems. In this paper, combined with the actual situation of Dalian City, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of geological environment conditions, eight indicators are selected from the aspects of topography, engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, geological hazards, ecological factors and human activities to construct the hierarchy model of suitability evaluation for underground space development in Dalian City. The analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive index method are applied to the evaluation. The results show that: the suitable area, secondary suitable area, less suitable area and unsuitable area are 3812.58km2, 5430.91km2, 2711.38km2 and 1659.06km2, accounting for 28.00%, 39.89%, 19.92% and 12.19% respectively. The evaluation results can provide the basis for the future development and utilization planning of underground space in Dalian city.

A Study on the utilization of urban underground space and the method of area management

A Study on the utilization of urban underground space and the method of area management

Suitability evaluation of underground space based on finite interval cloud model and genetic algorithm combination weighting

The development and utilization of urban underground space is an inevitable solution for urban sustainable development. Therefore, it is particularly important to perform suitability evaluation of underground space in various regions of a city. To improve the rationality of the evaluation results, this study proposes an evaluation method based on the finite interval cloud model and genetic algorithm combination weighting. The study considers the starting area of the Wuhan Changjiang New Town as the evaluation area. An evaluation index system is established for 12 indexes of five geological factors. The cloud characteristic parameters of each evaluation factor belonging to different classification levels are obtained through the finite interval cloud model. The forward finite interval cloud generator is used to generate cloud drop graphs of the indexes. Further, the certainty degrees of the evaluation factors belonging to different levels are obtained, which provide the mapping of uncertainty and randomness between the semantic variables and the index values. Subjective and objective weights of indexes are calculated by an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method improved with the entropy method. The combination weights are solved by the application of the genetic algorithm, which can comprehensively consider the attributes of discreteness, correlation, and contrast intensity of geological data. By following the above-mentioned procedures, the comprehensive certainty degree of the evaluation sample is obtained according to the combination weights and certainty degrees of the evaluation indexes. According to the principle of the maximum membership degree, the suitability grades of the underground space are determined. This evaluation method comprehensively considers the fuzziness of the suitability grade boundary of the underground space and the advantages of the subjective and objective weighting methods. Thus, the method ensures rationality of the evaluation results to the greatest extent, thereby providing a certain guiding significance for the development of underground space.

Legal Framework of Urban Underground Space in China

The booming of three-dimensional (3D) land use brings a change of the connotation of land rights, which will expand “flat” 2D land legislation with 3D land legislation. The legal issues of urban underground space for 3D objects in large cities around the world have been attracting more and more attention. A supportive legal framework is crucial for underground space utilization in a country. This paper analyzes the present 173 representative laws and regulations of urban underground space utilization and management of China from 1998 to 2018, and attempts to interpret the current laws and regulations of underground space from four aspects; by quantity, spatial distribution, legislative force and content. The result shows that poor legal framework of urban underground space in China, including low-level of legislative force, disunity of local legislation standard and absence of special statutes and regulations, are the main reasons causing ownership disputation, registration chaos, as well as no unanimous judicial practice. To address these issues, the paper refers to a case study for underground space legal framework in Japan and aims to form a set of top-down unified legal framework, including basic law, special statutes and regulations, as well as supplementary policies and documents of urban underground space, and proposes that the underground space planning should be incorporated as one essential portion of the master planning in China. By studying the legal system of underground space in Japan and China, this study may offer better insight for those conducting UUS legal framework research as well as serve as reference for countries with similar legal issues.

The Indoor Localization of a Mobile Platform Based on Monocular Vision and Coding Images

With the extensive development and utilization of urban underground space, coal mines, and other indoor areas, the indoor positioning technology of these areas has become a hot research topic. This paper proposes a robust localization method for indoor mobile platforms. Firstly, a series of coding graphics were designed for localizing the platform, and the spatial coordinates of these coding graphics were calculated by using a new method proposed in this paper. Secondly, two spatial resection models were constructed based on unit weight and Tukey weight to localize the platform in indoor environments. Lastly, the experimental results show that both models can calculate the position of the platform with good accuracy. The space resection model based on Tukey weight correctly identified the residuals of the observations for calculating the weights to obtain robust positioning results and has a high positioning accuracy. The navigation and positioning method proposed in this study has a high localization accuracy and can be potentially used in localizing practical indoor space mobile platforms.

Evaluation of urban underground space resources using a negative list method: Taking Xi’an City as an example in China

ABSTRACT Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources, and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city. It is also very important to improve the city environment, build livable city and increase the capacity of the city. Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems, a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed, to be primarily used in urban planning stages. A list of the adverse factors is established, including limiting factors, constraining factors and influencing factors. Taking Xi’an as an example, using a geographical information system platform, a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi’ an City are evaluated, and preventive measures are proposed. Natural resources, exploitable resources, and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated. Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city, collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources, environmental impact and assessment, as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.

Underground sewage treatment plant: a summary and discussion on the current status and development prospects.

Increases in the global population and urbanization have made people's demand for rational development and utilization of urban underground space (UUS) increasingly urgent. The underground sewage treatment plant (USTP) plays an important role in sustainable urbanization as part of the UUS. Nevertheless, problems such as high operating costs and large safety hazards still restrict the development of the USTP. In this paper we intend to summarize the current application of the USTP, reflecting the specific and novel aspects of the USTP, and also some technology drawbacks and main process update problems, providing some development suggestions. To do this, essential information on USTPs globally is simply and clearly revealed under due diligence, providing a development process for the USTP and making a prediction for its future development. Furthermore, combined with the main treatment process and ecological value analysis, we give a valid view of the good application prospects of the USTP, which provides a reference for the future construction of USTPs.

Stochastic seismic lateral deformation of a multi-story subway station structure based on the probability density evolution method

Effective utilization of urban underground space has seen multi-story subway station structures become increasingly common. Two significant issues need to be solved in seismic evaluation of this kind of station structure. One is to set the appropriate seismic performance evaluation index; another is to choose a comprehensive method that can evaluate the structure performance with regard to the index. In this paper, a numerical model was established and validated by previously conducted shaking-table tests. Then stochastic seismic analyses were performed on the model using the probability density evolution method (PDEM). Inter-story drift and column drift ratio, which can reflect the lateral deformation of station structures induced by earthquake, were selected as seismic performance evaluation indexes and studied from the stochastic view. The stochastic analysis showed that the probability density distribution of the inter-story drift extremum of the middle-stories of the structure is larger than that of the top story and bottom story, similar to the lateral deformation mode of a ground frame structure with strong columns and weak beams. In addition, the probability density distribution of the column drift ratio extremum in each story is quite similar, and the probability density distribution of the column drift ratio extremum is larger than the inter-story drift extremum of the corresponding story. Compared with the inter-story drift, the column drift ratio is more suitable for evaluating the seismic performance of the multi-story subway station structure, because it reflects the influence of longitudinal beams with different height at the two ends of column on the lateral deformation of columns, which are key components and determine the safety of the structure to a great extent. By comparing the results of the PDEM with the shaking-table test, we found that stochastic analysis method can further obtain the probability of each numerical value of seismic performance evaluation indexes, thus making the evaluation results more comprehensive.

Development and Utilization of Urban Underground Space

As the human society constantly develops, people have started to study the development and utilization of urban underground space. Compared with the past, great changes have happened in the contemporary era when it comes to the use of resources in urban underground space and related and technologies. The development of urban underground space is susceptible to many factors, and unreasonable utilization leads to serious consequences. The vigorous development of urban underground space is not only a very important criterion for measuring the level of urban modernization, but also an inevitable trend of urban development. This paper analyzes the current development and utilization of urban underground space, describes the significance of development and utilization, and studies the problems in development and utilization of urban underground space and corresponding countermeasures.

Research on the pattern of urban underground space development and utilization in medium cities

The development and utilization of urban underground space has become an effective means to solve the urban land tension. In China, with the rapid development of a large number of medium-sized cities, most of which urban population has exceeded one million, urban land increasingly tense. The development and utilization of urban underground space is an inevitable trend in the future. This paper starts from the present situation of the secondary city development and utilization of underground space, the general characteristics of urban development are summarized, and the type of underground space development and utilization are analyzed, and puts forward the key points in the development and utilization of underground space.

Technical Development and Safety Risk Analysis of Urban Underground Engineering

With the rapid development of China's urban construction, the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid expansion of population, the effective development and utilization of urban underground space have attracted great attention. Therefore, it is inevitable to study the comprehensive technology of deep underground engineering, and the research results will play an important guiding role in the design and construction of middle and shallow space of underground engineering in the future. This paper analyzes several common construction techniques and methods in the current construction process of urban underground engineering, summarizes the main construction methods of underground engineering, forecasts the development of urban underground engineering construction, and analyzes the safety risks of urban underground engineering construction.

Lessons learnt from Urban Underground Space use in Shanghai—From Lujiazui Business District to Hongqiao Central Business District

This paper presents a case study on Urban Underground Space (UUS) use in Shanghai, China. Shanghai is at the forefront of China’s modernization construction, and also sets an example for other cities in China in the field of UUS use. Surging from 2million m2 in the early 1990s to over 68million m2 in recent years, the amount of UUS in Shanghai has reached a scale previously unimaginable. From the process of Shanghai UUS development, we can learn either valuable experiences from cases like Hongqiao Central Business District (CBD) or, inevitably, profound lessons from Lujiazui Business District. Reviewing and comparing such cases will demonstrate the importance of planning and legal procedures to the development and utilization of UUS and can facilitate the further promotion of UUS use in Shanghai.

The Study of the Method of China Cities Underground Space Development and Utilization

The city of today, its economy is one of the biggest problems to solve, development and utilization of urban underground space, the construction "compact" city, become the key to the gate open city construction. This paper mainly through urban underground expressway, underground residential building, underground sewage system, public facilities "common ditch", underground green space, underground recreation places, geothermal, underground city, the several potential city development and utilization of underground ways, this paper puts forward the scientific development view in the central guidance, to build a "harmonious society", the development of "the cycle economy" and construction "sustainable city" is of great significance.