Utilization Of Plastic Waste Research Articles

Prediction of Compressive Strengths of Concrete with Partial Fine Aggregate of Plastic Using Artificial Neural Network and Revisions

In recent past years, plastic waste has been a environmental menace. Utilization of plastic waste as fine aggregate substitution could reduce the demand and negative impacts of sand mining while addressing waste plastic challenges.
 This study aims at evaluating compressive strengths prediction models for concrete with plastic—mainly recycled plastic—as partial replacement or addition of fine aggregates, by use of artificial neural networks (ANNs), developed in OCTAVE 5.2.0 and datasets from reviews. 44 datasets from 8 different sources were used, that included four input variables namely:- water: binder ratio; control compressive strength (MPa); % plastic replacement or additive by weight and plastic type; and the output variable was the compressive strength of concrete with partial plastic aggregates.
 Various models were run and the selected model, with 14 nodes in hidden layer and 320,000 iterations, indicated overall root mean square error (RMSE) , absolute factor of variance (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 1.786 MPa, 0.997, 1.329 MPa and 4.44 %. Both experimental and predicted values showed a generally increasing % reduction of compressive strengths with increasing % plastic fine aggregate.
 The model showed reasonably low errors, reasonable accuracy and good generalization. ANN model could be used extensively in modeling of green concrete, with partial waste plastic fine aggregate. The study recommend ANNs models application as possible alternative for green concrete trial mix design. Sustainable techniques such as low-cost superplasticizers from recycled material and cost-effective technologies to adequately sizing and shaping plastic for fine aggregate application should be encouraged, so as to enhance strength of concrete with partial plastic aggregates.

A Review on Utilization of Plastic Wastes in Making Construction Bricks

Plastic waste is spread at an unprecedented speed due to the rapid use of domestic and industrial plastic items. The environmental pollution resulting from the continued disposal of plastic wastes in landfills has not only created land problems but has also heightened the pollution of marine resources. This paper aims to review and investigate the feasibility of utilizing plastic waste in making construction bricks. The use of plastic waste in making the sand-plastic bricks will enhance the protection of the environment from the effects of plastic waste that normally takes several millennials to degrade. Thermostatic plastic waste; that is, those polymers whose recycling may not affect the environment, including polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is found to implore lightweight, durable, cost-effective, and low thermal conductor bricks. Compressive strength (CS) and water absorption tests are found as the key test methods for measuring the effectiveness of high-volume content of plastic waste in bricks. Notably, a high percentage of plastic waste in proportion to sand is found to improve the compressive strength of the bricks besides allowing negligible water to seep through.

The utilization of plastic waste in a mixed pair of concrete brick walls

Plastic is a daily consumable material due to its easy accessibility and affordability. The high production of plastic waste contributes to the increase risk of hazardous environment which is difficult to be processed and decomposed. One of the solutions is to recycle plastic waste. In this study, the types of High Density of Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) were utilized as substation material with 10% of ratio to be mixed in pair with concrete brick walls. The sample study was concrete bricks characterized with dimensions of 40x20x10 cm3 and 15x15x15 cm3. The addition of admixture SikaPayer HC-1ID and silica fume as additive was carried out to improve the performance of testing samples. Samples of concrete bricks were then attached on the wall as a mixed pair with dimension 105x95 cm2, and compression properties were performed. The results showed that visual appearances, content weight, and adsorption ability of two samples were classified as concrete brick type I, and the addition of HDPE and PP to the concrete bricks walls contributed into type II which were able to with-stand load around 2200 and 2800 Psi respectively. The other eminence that was observed from the addition of HDPE and PP was milder weight compared to neat concrete bricks.

Influence of plastic waste on the performance of mortar and concrete: A review

Globally, the construction industry produces a tremendous amount of plastic waste about more than 12% of total municipal solid waste and it goes on increasing day by day. This waste is directly affects the nature and all living organisms which required systematic disposal to reduce the scarcity of environment. Utilization of plastic waste is very important as it contains several chemicals, many of them are toxic in nature so obligated to win lethal issues & alter the environment besides human health if not handled properly. Parallel to this, the construction industry is growing day by day with consuming vast amount of natural resources like sand, aggregate, wood etc., creates natural environment imbalance. Reusing of plastic waste as an alternative of building materials may one of the solution of both the problems. Previous studies by various researchers, recommend that the plastic waste has possibility to be a part of mortar and concrete constituents. In line of this, present review paper covers a thorough review of plastic waste effects on various concrete and mortar properties such as fluidity, density, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, freeze & thaw resistance and shrinkage.

Pelatihan Membuat Produk Kerajinan Kreatif dari Sampah Kantong Plastik

Continuous use of plastic will use up some non-renewable natural resources. Besides it produces several substances which are harmful to human health. Utilization of plastic waste is an effort to reduce plastic waste to a minimum that can be done by recycling. The large number of plastic bag waste around the environment has led to the idea of ​​ using it into creative products that have artistic and economic value for residents around the campus. Based on this background, a problem arises. The lack of ability to recycle plastic waste into valuable products, therefore a movement needed to educate and provide skills to the community to recycle plastic waste. The purpose of this activity is to provide education and provide training to the environment around the campus, especially housewives and young women to recycle money into crafts from used plastic bags in the hope that it can reduce waste and generate new business opportunities, namely handicraft handicrafts from used plastic bags. Implementation of activities, namely providing counseling and practical skills to make products from plastic bag waste. The expected end result is awareness from the community about the dangers of using plastic bags and the skills to recycle used plastic bags. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v5i3.4912

Utilization of plastic waste and polystyrene in making light weight red soil fly ash bricks

The plastic industry is the important sector in India which is more valuable and playing vital role in economy of our country. Even though it is an important industry, it produces few environmental brunt causing land and water impairment with some ill effects. The methods following for dumping, leads to ground water contamination and thereby cause other adverse effects. Many investigations have been organized in this area and found that the contamination level is greater in ground water and having problem mainly in dumping area premises. In the current study, an experiment had been made to reuse the plastic waste chips in manufacturing of building materials. The objective of this project is to identify the possibilities of using the waste plastic obtained from plastic product manufacturing industry as a brick material. The various test had been carried out such as compressive strength test, crushing strength test, water absorption test, efflorescence test, hardness test, soundness test and fire test for proving the modified bricks with conventional brick. The final outcome the test results shows that the lightest brick samples among the all tested four various samples produced the strength of 68.8% greater than the third class brick and its weight is around 33% of the conventional bricks. Light weight bricks are making by using lime, fly ash, red soil, polystyrene layer, decreased the self weight of the building which improved stability in earthquake situations.

Effect of addition waste bottle and fly ash variation to compressive strength environmentally friendly paving block

The problem of waste has not been resolved, so alternative building materials are needed as a substitute or filler in making mixtures. Paving block is one of the alternative road pavement which is widely use in Sumenep district. Information from civil engineering Wiraraja laboratory in 2018, showed the number of paving block tests reached 211 from 45 companies. Alternative substitute material is fly ash and alternative filler material is the utilization of plastic waste. This research use comparison 1Pc : 4 Ps, fly ash variation 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% from cement weight and 0.5% of waste plastic from total mixture. Data analysis using SPSS software. This research presents, there is a simultaneous influence on the compressive strength that is influenced by variations of fly ash. The sequentially compressive strength of fly ash variation is 15.90 Mpa, 17.49 Mpa, 15.64 Mpa, 12.24 Mpa, 11.54 Mpa, 9.43 Mpa. The regression equation model obtained Y = 17.538 + (-0.154) X. Therefore, The quality of paving blocks based on SNI namely experiments I and III are included in the C quality category, experiments II is included in the B quality category, experiments IV, V, VI are included in the D quality category.

MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH PLASTIK MENJADI PAVING BLOCK

Plastic waste becomes one of the sources of environmental pollution problems. Landfill in the final landfill in Palembang, will be a serious problem if it is not sought solution. This community service is in the form of counseling and processing training of plastic waste into paving block given to the partners of the community in the location where the garbage disposal. The provision of counseling and training is expected to be the process of utilizing science and technology in the utilization of plastic waste so it is economically beneficial for the community because it has a high selling value. The implementation phase of this activity in the form of 1) establishment of partnership by determining the community, 2) fulfillment of production equipment, 3) counseling on the innovation of entrepreneurship and marketing of products, 4) training of paving block making. The result of this activity is that partners can make paving blocks from plastic waste and have entrepreneurial innovation and product marketing

Utilization of Plastic waste in Bitumen Mixes for Flexible Pavement

The situation of present way of life an entire restriction on the utilization of waste plastic can’t be put, in spite of the fact that the waste plastic taking the substance of a demon for the present and the future age. In this way transfer of waste plastic is a difficult issue all inclusive due to their non-biodegradability and unaesthetic view. Since these are not arranged logically and probability to make ground and water contamination. This waste plastic in part supplanted the regular material to enhance wanted mechanical qualities for specific street blend.In the present research work created procedures to utilize plastic waste for development motivation behind adaptable asphalts will be survey. In regular Street making process bitumen is utilized as folio. Such bitumen can be adjusted with squander plastic pieces and bitumen blend is made which can be utilized as a best layer of adaptable asphalt. The plastics from PET jugs to be utilized in blends for examine work. The measurements of plastic of 5 %, 7.5%, 10 %, 12.5% and 15 % utilized as substitution of bitumen. The advance plastics content is 10% with 5.25 % of bitumen content. In this paper concentrated on Marshall Test and extreme execution of hot blend black-top. In this examination work it is explored that the general cost of plastic blends bitumen spared 5.18 % cost as contrast with customary bitumen. Subsequently it is efficient and earth advantageous for development of plastic blend bituminous street.

Utilization of plastic waste into fuel (fuel oil) in Namo Bintang Village, Deli Serdang Regency

Community service activities with the title: Utilization of Plastic Waste into Fuel Oil in Namo Bintang Village Deli Serdang Regency was planned in May to November 2019.This activity aim was to convert plastic waste into fuel which has economic value and is environmentally friendly. Community services implementation was by counselling, lectures, explanations of theories and techniques for processing plastic waste which was followed by the Namo Bintang Village Scavenger group, they listened and training to the material delivered by the community service team. Equipment for waste utilization is also very simple hence community groups can make it by themselves. Finally, monitoring and evaluation of the success of work in the field will be carried out by going directly to the field together, monitoring by visiting to find out whether the community can do it themselves.In addition, contact will be made by telephone to overcome the problems that arise.In general, community service activities have been successfully carried out and seen a good cooperative relationship between the Higher Education, especially the Implementation Team, and the community in Namo Bintang Village. Villagers realize the importance of saving the environment and at the same time improving their lives because they can make their fuel.

Utilization of plastic waste with mix plastic softening agregate method as performance of stability and quality asphalt concrete

To increase sidewalks in Indonesia there are several things that must be considered, such as aggregate quality, implementation methods and asphalt quality. The amount of waste plastic waste in Indonesia at this time and in the years to come, can be reprocessed, one of them is by using it as an additive in the technique of making asphalt concrete. It is expected that a complex problem related to the amount of plastic waste piles can be turned into an opportunity to build the acceleration and quality of concrete asphalt roads in Indonesia. The method used for this research is the wet process, which is the direct method of mixing plastic material into asphalt which is heated at temperature according to Tait’s parameters, then added aggregate. The optimum asphalt used in this study was 5.7%. The variables used are 5%, 7%, and 9% of the plastic for substitution at the optimum level of asphalt used. Plastic variable added 100% high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, 100% polypropylene (PP), HDPE: PP and mixture (50:50), then Marshall Test. The best results were obtained by adding 9% plastic mixture variable with HDPE: PP ratio (1:1) resulting in an increase of 179% MQ then normal asphalt.

Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography.

The aim of this research is to demonstrate the concept and ability for the fast and preliminary screening of complex food and environmental samples for the presence of endocrine disrupters fractions, consisting of low-molecular mass micropollutants, particularly various bisphenols (A, B, C, E, F, S, Z, AF, AP, BP and FL). The developed analytical protocol for this research requires two main steps: (i) optimized solid phase extraction (SPE) for selective isolation, purification and pre-concentration of target fraction, and (ii) selective temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography for samples analysis via a HPLC-UV-VisDAD system using isocratic elution and internal standard quantification approach. The chromatographic experiment revealed that both β-CD and its hydroxypropyl derivative strongly interact with selected bisphenols. This is in contrast to the steroids and PAHs molecules investigated previously, where a strong interaction with β-cyclodextrin was observed. Integrated areas derived from acquired chromatographic profiles for each individual sample were used as the simple classification variable enabling samples comparison. We demonstrated that the proposed analytical protocol allows for fast estimation of EDC fractions in various daily use products, food and environmental samples. The materials of interest were selected due to the presence in surface water ecosystems of their residues, and finally, in raw wastewater including rice bags, plastic bags, cloths, sanitary towels, fish baits and various plastic foils from food products. Treated sewage water released directly to the environment from a municipal treatment plant (Jamno, Koszalin) was also investigated. It has been demonstrated that a whole range of low-molecular mass compounds, which may be detected using UV-Vis detector, can easily be emitted from various in daily use products. The presence of micropollutants in treated wastewater, water ecosystems and plastic waste utilization via technological wastewater treatment processes must be addressed, especially in terms of microplastic-based pollutants acting as endocrine disrupters. It is hoped that the proposed simple analytical protocol will be useful for fast sample classification or selection prior to advanced targeted analysis involving the more accurate quantification of specific analytes using e.g., mass spectrometry detectors.

Sustainable Utilization of Plastic Waste in Concrete Mixes - a Review

Plastic waste creates serious environmental problems, mainly owing to the inconsistency of the wastes streams. Due to rapid population growth and its consistent necessity the use of plastic is increasing regularly. This creates a large, the quantity of garbage every day which is unhealthy and pollutes the environment. In present scenario solid waste management is a challenge in our country. This paper represents a collection of ideas of various studies done on the use of Plastic Waste Materials in concrete mixes. Conclusions are drawn based upon the respective results of all the mentioned research papers.

Plastic Bag Waste on Hotmixture Asphalt as Modifier

Indonesia is the second largest country to contribute plastic marine debris in the world. Onthe other hand, Indonesia is facing pavement problem due to various reasons, so it needs to improvethe pavement quality and performance. The addition of plastic waste to the hot mix asphalt (HMA)actually have beneficial effect to improve the pavement quality. Utilization of plastic waste in roadconstruction is conducted by incorporating the plastic waste into the asphalt mixture as an additivewith dry or wet mix process. The objective of this research is to investigate the laboratoryperformance of asphalt mixture using plastic waste addition and its effect on the moisture sensitivity,resistance to deformation and the fatigue life of the asphalt mixture. The addition of plastic waste inHMA will increase the Marshall stability and the resilient modulus of the mixture, improve strippingresistance, moisture sensitivity and also the rutting resistance. Up to a certain plastic content, theaddition of plastic waste will improve the fatigue life and the ravelling resistance of the HMA, on thecontrary excesive addition of the plstic waste will decrease the fatigue life and ravelling resistancecompare to the conventional HMA. The field application is very simillar to conventional HMA,except it requires additional time during dry mix process in the production plant.

Plastic in Brick Application

This paper outlines the utilization of municipal plastic waste (MPW) in construction industries. Both the MPW and the construction industries are increasing rapidly and world’s recycling rate of either Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) or MPW specifically is still low. Production of bricks is non-eco-friendly and a waste generating process because of the greenhouse gases released. Utilizing MPW as construction materials especially in production of bricks is one of a promising step towards a sustainable resources and waste management. Plastic waste can substitute either partially or completely one or more of the materials in brick production. Further research based on recent research and a better understanding in utilization of plastic waste in brick is needed to produce a high durability and quality of bricks as well as to achieve the optimum balance in all aspects especially in terms of cost and functionality

A Review on Landfill Management in the Utilization of Plastic Waste as an Alternative Fuel

Wastes from landfills originate from many spheres of life. These are produces as a result of human activities either domestically or industrially. The global plastic production increased over years due to the vast applications of plastics in many sectors. The continuous demand of plastics caused the plastic wastes accumulation in the landfill consumed a lot of spaces that contributed to the environmental. In addition, economic growth and development also increased our demand and dependency on plastics which leads to its accumulation in landfills imposing risk on human health, animals and cause environmental pollution problems such as ground water contamination, sanitary related issues, etc. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern, especially in developing cities. The idea of waste to energy recovery is one of the promising techniques used for managing the waste of plastic. Hence, this paper aims review at utilizing of plastic as an alternative fuel.

Analisa Hasil Uji Impak Sampah Plastik Jenis PP, PET, dan Campuran (PP + PET)

Material Plastic is difficult to decompose, so it needs to be held research on utilization of plastic waste that is around us. Impact test on recycled plastic waste aims to find out the physical properties, tenacity, toughness of plastic waste re-rubbish. Specimens of impact test based on standard sample (ASTM E-23) with Charpy test rod has dimension of size is 10 x 10 x 100 mm (height x width x length). With the notch position in the center, with a V note notch, 2 mm notch depth from the surface of the specimen and 45º notch angle. The specimens were made according to the sample with the test carried out 10 times, with the result of the average value of the specimens being the polypropylene type plastic of the mean energy impact value = 1.31 joule and the mean impact strength value = 0.0161 joule / mm². Polyethylene Terephthalate plastics with mean value of impact energy = 1.15 joule and mean impact strength = 0,0138 joule / mm², plastic mixture between PP and PET value of impact energy = 1.18 joule and mean impact strength = 0.0145 joule / mm². The results of this Polypropelin plastic test have the highest impact value value for recycled plastic waste.

Utilization of Waste Plastics in Stone Mastic Asphalt for Infrastructural Applications

This paper reports an experimental study on the use of waste plastics in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) for infrastructural applications (e.g. roads, carparks and underground construction). The binders investigated were conventional bitumen, target bitumen (polymer modified bitumen) and waste plastics (recycled low-density polyethylene LDPE of 5 wt% and 10 wt% blends). The properties of bitumen were assessed based on its penetration value and softening point; while the performance of asphalt premix (or asphalt mixture) was evaluated based on its Marshall stability, flow and quotient. The asphalt mixture incorporating waste plastics (10 wt% LDPE blend) as polymer modifier could be a promising material for use in SMA for infrastructural applications.

Property of filler-loaded magnetic ferrite from plastic waste bottle used to treat municipal domestic sewage

ABSTRACTThe present work investigates the properties of self-made magnetic filler from plastic waste bottle and explores a new technology approach of waste plastic resource utilization. The magnetic filler was prepared by air plasma modification and loading magnetic ferrite on the plastic strip from waste plastic bottle. The surface properties of magnetic filler were characterized by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), contact angle system and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). AFM images of original and modified plastic strip showed that low-temperature plasma treatment markedly increased the surface roughness of plastic strip. The mean roughness (Ra) of plastic strip rose from 1.116 to 5.024 nm. FTIR spectra indicated that a lot of polar oxygenic groups were introduced onto the surface of plastic by plasma modification. Modification by low-temperature plasma increased the hydrophilicity of plastic strip surface. When treatment time is 40 s, water contact angle of plastic strip surface reduced from 78.2° of original plastic strip to 25.3°. When used in bioreactor, magnetic filler had very favorable microenvironment for microorganism growth. Magnetic filler was more efficient for removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and in sewage than nonmagnetic filler. The resource utilization of plastic wastes will become reality if the magnetic filler is applied widely.

Training on Utilization of Plastic Waste and Banana Bark Become an Economical Value Innovation Product

The purpose of this community service is to provide training to communities around the TPA In South Tangerang regarding the utilization of waste to be a product of economic value as an innovative way to help the government in the management of waste as well as increase income for every familyThe method used is classical method with discussion / question and answer approach, simulation and practice of making the product, with the intention that the material can be accepted by the participants well. Guidance / consultation is done through the last session with participants, as well as by telephone or by mail. The results of the training show the participants so have the knowledge in managing waste and skills in utilizing waste to make products of economic value. It can be concluded that participants want continuous knowledge. It is desirable to provide knowledge in the form of regular training and sustainable.