Utilization Of Non-timber Forest Products Research Articles

EFISIENSI SALURAN PEMASARAN KEMIRI (ALEURITES MOLUCCANA) PADA KELOMPOK TANI HUTAN WAHANA KAWASAN DI HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN GUNUNG SASAK, KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

Mount Sasak Community Forest (HKm) has the potential that can be utilized by the surrounding community through the utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). The Wahana Kawasan Forest Farmer Group (KTH) is one of the groups that utilizes and manages NTFPs in the form of candlenuts in the Mount Sasak HKm. In the production and utilization activities of candlenut, it will focus on marketing channels as a form of effort made by a person or marketing institution to achieve a level of marketing success. The method used in this research is descriptive with a total of 32 respondents. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling method. Determination of the number of respondents for intermediary traders is determined by the snowball sampling method. The results showed that there were 2 marketing channels. The marketing margin of marketing channels 1 and 2 has the same value of Rp. 2,000/kg. Meanwhile, the farmer's share obtained by marketing channel 1 amounted to 67% and marketing channel 2 amounted to 83%. The level of marketing efficiency in channel 1 of 7.8% indicates a less efficient marketing channel and marketing channel 2 of 3.7% indicates an efficient marketing channel.

Does commercialization lead to more intensive management strategies? Decision-making for the utilization of non-timber forest products in a Nahua area of the Sierra Negra, Mexico

BackgroundThe commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provides income for rural indigenous households. The integration of NTFPs into formal markets tends to intensify management practices to ensure production and monetary benefits. However, more research is needed to understand the motivations for managing of commercialized species. We examine the influence of social, ecological, and economic factors on traditional management and how they drive the adoption of more or less intensive practices for subsistence and commercially traded NTFPs.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Nahua community of Ixtacxochitla, in the Sierra Negra of central Mexico, where we conducted free lists and semi-structured interviews in 32% of the 88 households to assess socio-ecological variables related to management practices. In addition, we interviewed local traders to assess commercial variables used in a cost–benefit model to calculate the net annual income of commercialized species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to analyze relationships between socio-ecological variables and management practices. We also explored the relationship between management and commercial factors using principal component analysis.ResultsWe recorded 64 plant and mushroom species of NTFPs used for medicinal, ornamental, ceremonial, and edible purposes, 36 of which are commercialized in the municipal market of Coyomeapan. The commercialized species generated an average annual net income of MXN 67,526 (USD 3924) per family, with five species contributing the most. Species both used for both subsistence and commercialization were managed through incipient in situ gathering, tolerance in ex situ anthropogenic areas, and intensive protection and propagation efforts in ex situ environments. Even the five species with the highest commercial returns were managed across this gradient of practices. Key factors influencing the adoption of more intensive species management practices were feasibility of management, type of species use, ecological abundance, frequency of consumption, and cultural importance.ConclusionsThe intensification of NTFPs management is not solely driven by the commercial value of the products or the level of income generated. Instead, the interaction between socio-ecological and economic factors determines the extent of management practices. The main constraint to the implementation of intensive practices has been the inability to manage species outside their natural habitats, despite their cultural significance and frequent consumption. Understanding the factors involved in the harvesting of NTFPs can serve as the basis for future research aimed at analyzing the conditions for successful and sustainable NTFPs commercialization.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KEMITRAAN KONSERVASI MELALUI AKSES PEMUNGUTAN HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU DAMAR DI TAMAN NASIONAL MANUSELA

The conservation partnership of the Manusela National Park established collaboration in the form of conservation partnerships with the community in Masihulan Village through community empowerment by giving access to non-timber forest products (NTFPs). This study aimed to formulate a strategy for conservation partnership development. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research was analyzed by descriptive qualitative analysis, SWOT analysis, and QSPM analysis to formulate and determine the priority strategy of conservation partnerships development of NTFP utilization. This research shows that the Conservation Partnership in Manusela National Park has economic, social, and ecological impacts. Based on the SWOT matrix analysis, the strategy to develop conservation partnerships in the Manusela National Park is the Strengths and Opportunities (SO) strategy. It is implemented by optimizing its strengths and taking advantage of various existing opportunities by increasing the utilization of resin potency to create creative economic development supported by the Regional Government and mentored by the staff of Manusela National Park, increasing community participation in utilizing and preserving damar trees; and raising the implementation of conservation partnerships and stakeholder cooperation. Based on the QSPM analysis, the highest score of TAS (Total Attractive Score) is 6,35, so the priority strategy to develop conservation partnerships is increasing community participation in utilizing and preserving the resin tree.

Study on the Establishment of Demonstration Site for Peatland Conservation through Integrated Management and Sustainable Utilization of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs)

Study on the Establishment of Demonstration Site for Peatland Conservation through Integrated Management and Sustainable Utilization of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs)

PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA HUTAN DI KAWASAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN OI RIDA DESA MARIA UTARA KECAMATAN WAWO KABUPATEN BIMA

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) are one of the resources that the community in Community Forest can manage. Optimal and efficient use of forest resources will significantly influence improving the standard of living of people who utilize forest resources. However, the community still needs to do it optimally. Forest resources contained in forests have important values that can meet social, environmental, ecological, and economic needs. This study aims to determine the types and utilization of NTFPs in Oi Rida Community Forest, analyze farmers' incomes, and analyze farmer categories based on the World Bank's poverty approach. The research method used to fulfill the research data was a structured interview with 38 HKm respondents. The results showed that there were 18 types of NTFPs with a total plant presence of 10,657 tons/ LLG, including candlenut, coffee, avocado, durian, cloves, bamboo, lamtoro, ginger, turmeric, chili, porang, ginger, vanilla, lemongrass, cassava, keladi, banana, and honey. Total income of Rp. 178,845,583 LLG per year with an average of Rp. 4,706,463 LLG per year. The amount of income from the use of HHBK converted into rupiah, spent to obtain goods or services of US $ 1.25 or equivalent to Rp 18,332.43 per day, and the average income of Rp 4,706,463 per year to Rp 4,222 per day. This income value is classified as non-prosperous farmers (poor) because the income per person daily does not meet US $ 1.25 or equivalent to Rp. 18,332.43.

Utilization of non-timber forest products as alternative sources of food and income in the highland regions of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

In developing countries, studies on sustainable preservation of forests (including non-timber forest products NTFPs) have been poorly carried out for promoting alternative income generating activities (IGA) to alleviate pressure on praised resources by local communities living close by protected areas. This study aimed at (1) inventorying NTFPs exploited by local communities around the Kahuzi Biega National Park (KBNP), (2) assessing their therapeutic values and nutritional contributions, and (3) analyzing their rural and urban market values to determine their potential as alternative income sources as well as the major constraints in their exploitation. Individual interviews were conducted with 790 rural and urban households in Kabare, Walungu, Kalehe, and Bukavu City, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) coupled with focus group discussions with key stakeholders around KBNP. Street vendors, restaurants, hotels, and market owners were also interviewed on uses, awareness of the nutritional and therapeutic values, and factors hindering NTFPs wide use in Bukavu urban environments. Physicochemical analyses were also conducted on main NTFPs to determine their nutritional values. Results showed that local populations around KBNP exploit at least 55 NTFPs, mainly for self-consumption as food, feed, and medicine. NTFPs represent the second most important income source around KBNP, accounting for 23.3 % of total households’ income after agriculture that generates 25.7 % of total households’ income. Income from NTFP trade was primarily used for food supply (29 %), investment in small businesses (19.6 %), children's education (17.7 %), and healthcare expenses (5.1 %). These NTFPs had varying nutritional values (in terms of proximate composition, essential minerals, and bioactive compounds). Solanum nigrum (24.9 %), Termitomyces robustus (18.0 %), Amaranthus viridis (17.6 %), and Piper nigrum (16.9 %) are valuable sources of proteins while Zingiber officinale (25.5 %), T. robustus (15.4 %) and P. nigrum (14.3 %) are rich in dietary fibres. Piper nigrum (37.0 and 128.3 mg/kg) and Basella alba (35.1 and 108.7 mg/kg) had the highest zinc and iron contents, respectively. Some of the most nutritious NTFPs, such as S. nigrum, Dioscorea spp., and P. nigrum had high contents in anti-nutritional elements and should be processed properly to maximize bioavailability. Besides, NTFPs created employment opportunities for collectors, vendors, supermarkets, hotels, and restaurants both in rural and urban areas. Though varying with rural communities, the main challenges in the NTFP value chain were low market values (48.6 %), short shelf life (22.5 %), and excessive taxation (19.1 %) while in urban areas, seasonality (36.9 %), scarcity (17.7 %), and prohibiting high prices (17.7 %) were the major limiting factors. This study highlights the significant role played by NTFPs in providing healthy and nutritious food and income for households surrounding the KBNP, and thus emphasizes the necessity for their promotion as alternative income sources and healthy diets to alleviate poverty and hidden hunger around the KBNP.

Development strategy of candlenut oil business toward a new paradigm for the utilization of non-timber forest products

In an effort to realize productive and sustainable forest management in a unified and comprehensive forestry development unit so that the economic (Sustainable Production), social (Sustainable Social and economic) and environmental (Ecological Sustainable) benefits for all parties based on the identification of the potential superiority of regional commodities, Forest Management Unit (KPH) has compiled a business development plan to improve the economic community in and around the forest, through the development of various productive businesses utilizing timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a business strategy to overcome the weaknesses and threats by utilizing internal and external strengths and opportunities in efforts to develop sustainable rural agro-industry. The study was conducted at a pilot location of the KPH Kulawi candlenut oil processing business, Central Sulawesi Province. Communication and observation techniques were carried out using a questionnaire through individual interviews and group interviews. While the business development strategy is carried out through focus group discussions (FGDs) involving stakeholders, namely the KPH, raw material producing farmers, processing farmers, target village governments, local governments, the business world and academics with a total of 15 respondents. Based on the SWOT Matrix, The choice of strategies that can be applied are resource optimization, increasing product quality at competitive prices, increasing managerial skills and HR skills and efficiency in production costs. While policies that can support business development include easy access to capital, facilitating export bureaucracy mechanisms and the existence of business associations as a source of market and price information.

SOSIALISASI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU (HHBK) SEBAGAI SOLUSI MASALAH KEHUTANAN DAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT

Non-Timber Forest Products are a potential that can be managed to overcome forestry and community economic problems. Improvement of eucalyptus oil processing and management can affect the income of eucalyptus oil farmers. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide knowledge about improving the quality of eucalyptus oil through improving eucalyptus oil processing methods and utilizing eucalyptus leaf waste as an energy source through making charcoal briquettes. The stages of the activity are: 1) The initial approach is carried out with the head of the Buru FMU to facilitate meetings with the KPH-assisted farmer groups to be addressed, 2) Implementation of counseling, lectures and questions and answers about various knowledge related to the utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products. How is eucalyptus oil processed and how is the management carried out by eucalyptus oil farmers, and 3) Observation of eucalyptus oil cooking places to see the raw materials and boilers used. This activity was carried out cooperatively and well because the Waspait village community was very enthusiastic about their curiosity which was reflected when participating in the counseling which was carried out by building dialogue in the form of questions related to the eucalyptus oil processing activities carried out.

NILAI EKONOMI DAN KONTRIBUSI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT (STUDI KASUS PADA DESA HALABAN KECAMATAN LAREH SAGO HALABAN, KABUPATEN 50 KOTA, SUMATERA BARAT)

Community needs are increasing day by day. Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has started to become one of the focuses of community development. If the local community understands the economic value and contribution of NTFP utilization, then the Halaban Village community will have the best potential and utilization of NTFPs. Remember the importance of forest resources for community income, then necessary to do a study related to the economic value and contribution of NTFPs. The purposes of research are to : (1) Calculate the economic value of non-timber forest products used by the Halaban village community, Lareh Sago Halaban District, 50 Cities Regency. (2) Analyze how the contribution of non-timber forest products to the income of the community in Halaban Village, Lareh Sago Halaban District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The data collection methods used in this research were observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The results showed that the types of NTFPs that contributed to the Halaban village were rubber, cardamom, cinnamon, gambier, and areca nut. The total economic value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) used by the Halaban Village community is Rp. 4,591,137,979,-/year. The total income obtained by the people of Halaban Village is Rp.7.304.337.979,-/year. The total economic value of NTFPs utilized by the community was Rp.7.304.337.979,-/year. NTFPs contribute 63% to community income.

The importance of development planning for the utilization of non-timber forest products in supporting the sustainability of protected forest area: A case study of pesawaran Forest Management Units (FMU), Lampung province, Indonesia

The dynamic concept of ecosystem sustainability functions to maintain the benefits of social, economic, and ecological. A protected forest is a type of forest that functions as a life support system. This function is specific, so there is a need for a strategy to develop and maintain the sustainability of natural resources. The forest management unit (FMU) is a regulation on management at the site level. One of the KPHs in Lampung province, namely the Pesawaran FMU, has the potential for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and environmental services. This research aims to analyze the forest utilization management plan in the Pesawaran FMU register. The number of primary respondents is three based on the Snowball Sampling technique. The analytical method used is the descriptive qualitative analysis based on information on primary and secondary data. It is supported by a SWOT analysis to analyze preferences for forest product utilization plans in the Pesawaran FMU according to conditions in the field. The results showed that all respondents stated that the Pesawaran FMU area had potential natural resources in the form of NTFPs and environmental services. It is necessary to optimize community empowerment so that they have the competence to develop this potential to be utilized as a creative economic business in the form of products selling value and using environmental services as tourist objects. There is a need for stakeholder involvement related to the coordination of management and utilization permits which can increase communication and reduce the risk of conflict.

Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract. Abebaw AF, Damme PV. 2023. Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 38-47. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) play a pivotal role as local sources of medicine, household paraphernalia, and fodder and offer income opportunities that can mitigate poverty. This study was conducted in Doba District, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, to analyze the diversity and economic contribution of non-timber forest products. Both ethnobotanical and vegetation data were cross-sectionally collected from February 2020 up to June 2021. A total of 422 informants selected randomly from forest inhabitants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires to explore NTFP utilization and their economic contributions. Vegetation data were collected from 56 sample plots of each 20m x 20m (400m2) along transects lines. Vegetation data collected were analyzed for the relative density of species, Shannon-Wiener index, species evenness, and relative frequency. From the household survey, 58 plant species categorized in 55 genera and 35 families were identified as NTFP-bearing species. Analysis of the socio-economic data shows that NTFP collection is a day-to-day activity of the local communities. These communities use NTFPs in different types of use categories, namely medicinal plants (32, 55.17%), melliferous species (20, 34.48%), wild food and condiment species (22, 37.93%), farm implements (7, 12.06%), wood and flavoring (6, 10.34%), source of energy (20, 35.71%), and household utensils and construction materials (30, 51.72%). The market survey analysis showed that NTFPs account for about 15.77% of the annual household income. The vegetation survey showed that Ades Forest has a good status with an average density of 1,450 plants ha-1, high Shannon-Wiener index (H =3.299), and species evenness (E = 0.81). Ades Forest harbors a diverse number of NTFP-bearing species used for several categories. The study reveals the real experiences of the local communities in utilizing NTFPs for their livelihood. Forest dependency rates tend to be higher among poor households. However, further study on production potential and market chain analysis should be done together with awareness creation activities to get a sustainable product for the community and conserve the forest resource.

Contribution of the Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products to Farmers’ Income in Forest Management Unit

Forest Village Community Organizations (Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan - LDMH) Samudro Wonoasri and LMDH Tangkil Indah is an institution in partnership with Perhutani that has utilized the potential of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in plots 66A and plots 46B. This study aims to determine the contribution of NTFPs to farmers’ income in both locations (plots). Data collection on respondents was carried out using a comprehensive census technique. The total number of research respondents was 180 people, with 85 farmers in plot 66A RPH (Resor Pengelolaan Hutan - Forest Management Resort) Sumberkembang and 95 farmers in plot 46B RPH Lebakharjo. The results showed three dominant types of non-timber forest products used by farmers, namely coffee, cloves, and bananas. Meanwhile, the contribution of NTFPs to the average income yr-1 of farmers in the 66A RPH Sumberkembang plot is 79.07 %. The contribution of NTFPs to farmers’ average income yr-1 in the 46B RPH Lebakharjo plot obtained a percentage of 93.58 %. The average income yr-1 for all farmers in both locations (plots) of the study shows that NTFPs contribute significantly to the economy and that all farmers are highly dependent on the presence of non-timber forest products (NTFPs).

Non-timber Forest Product Accounting: Preliminary Estimates for community Forestry Business in South Sulawesi Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to determine the potential and balance sheet utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in South Sulawesi community forest area. The study's location is in the community forest area neighborhood of Watang Bacukiki Village in the Bacukiki District of Pare Pare City, South Sulawesi. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and a questionnaire given to all group members (a 37-person census). In order to determine the final reserve amount, which will serve as an initial estimate for business development, the natural resource utilization balance is analyzed through a physical balance by calculating the amount of initial reserves in the research year, adding with planting, and then reducing by the amount of depletion or use. The results revealed that candlenut, coffee, cashew, cinnamon, cloves, and rhizomes are the NTFP categories that have the potential to be developed as sources of revenue for the community. Specifically, in the candlenut plant are the greatest final reserves to be discovered. In terms of ensuring the supply of raw materials for the survival of community forestry businesses, it is crucial to calculate the balance of forest resources.

Analisis Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa Puntik Luar Kecamatan Mandastana Kabupaten Barito Kuala

This research was conducted to analyze (1) Utilization of non-timber forest products in Puntik Luar Village, Mandastana District, Barito Kuala Regency (2) Community income from the utilization of products forest non-timber in Village Puntik Luar , District Mandastana , Barito Kuala Regency (3) Comparison of the income of the people who use it. Non-Timber Forest Products with communities that do not utilize Non-Timber Forest Products in Puntik Luar Village, Mandastana District, Barito Kuala Regency Respondents in this study were 52 people, name the community around the forest in Puntik Luar village. This research is quantitative descriptive. Data collection methods used in this study interviews in the kueisoner, observation and documentation. The results that there is an impact use of products forest non-timber income of people Puntik Luar village, the place used in this study is the Puntik village outside the Mandastana sub-district, Barito Kuala district which has an impact on increasing community income, which shows that the community of Puntik Luar village has experienced increased income . The resulting negative impact is the extinction or scarcity of bamboo commodity that is not cultivated by the community around the existing forest. Non-timber forest products used as indicators in this study are the number of non-timber forest products that are used in the form of bamboo and thatch plants.

Multi-Purpose Trees Species Damage Index: Case Study of Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park Utilization Block, Lampung

The Wan Abdul Rachman (WAR) Forest Park (TAHURA) Utilization Block is a location that can be utilized by the community, especially its non-timber forest products. Utilization of non-timber forest products is the type of Multi-Purpose Trees Species (MPTS). On the other hand, many trees were damaged due to this utilization. This study aimed to obtain the damage index (IK) of MPTS types in the TAHURA WAR utilization block. Data was collected by assessing the IK of trees based on the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method on five cluster plots of FHM. Data analysis was carried out using the IK value formula. The results showed that there were 13 types of MPTS found in the TAHURA WAR utilization block; with the range of IK values for each kind of MPTS as follows: Durio zibenthinus (0.0-6.1), Persea americana (1.4-6.5), Parkia speciosa (0.0-5.8), Archidendron pauciflorum (1.5-6.1), Gnetum gnemon (0.0-6.1), Hevea brasiliensis (1.4-6.1), Theobroma cacao (1.4-5.0), Mangifera indica (1.6-4.3), Sygyzium malaccensis (1.6-4.6), Arthocarpus heterophyllus (1.6-5.8), Sygyzium aqueum (1.4-4.3), Sygyzium aromaticum (1.5-3.8) and Tectona grandis (1.6-4.9). The location influences the size of the IK value, type and severity of tree damage found. Thus, the average IK values for each kind of MPTS in the TAHURA WAR utilization block were Hevea brasiliensis (4.3), Artocarpus heterophyllus (4.2), Archidendron pauciflorum (4.1), Theobroma cacao (4.0), Tectona grandis (3.8), Persea americana (3.5), Parkia speciosa (3.5), Durio zibenthinus (3.4), Sygyzium malaccensis (3.4), Gnetum gnemon (3.2), Sygyzium aqueum (2.9), Mangifera indica (2.7) dan Sygyzium aromaticum (2.4).

Characterizing the Dependence on Non-timber Forest Products Among Communities Living Around Forest Conservation Areas in Marrupa-Mecula Corridor, Niassa Special Reserve, Niassa Province of Mozambique

The role of forests across the world has been recognized as key natural assets that offer several goods and services, especially to communities adjacent to them. Given this role, there have been minimal efforts to determine the factors characterizing this dependence of communities on non-timber forest products (NTFPs), especially in developing nations. This study surveyed and assessed different factors influencing household dependence on NTFPs in the Marrupa-Mecula Corridor, Niassa Special Reserve, Niassa Province of Mozambique. In total, 377 household members from eight villages attended the interview while employing proportional random sampling. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The study revealed that 90.9% of the households participate in collecting, producing, and selling NTFPs. Three factors, namely, social, economic, and physical, with twenty sub-factors or characteristics were found to have a significant association with dependence on forest resources. They include the availability of NTFPs, taking a collection of NTFPs as a family job, strong cultural attachment to forests, seasonal engagement in collection, nearby forests being home for community leaders, distance to the nearby forest, the housing needs of forests, forests being a major source of medicine, forests being a resource for educational institutions, forests being a major source of household food security, forests being a ready income for households, forests being a tourist attraction in the area, and affordability of distance to markets. The binary logistic regression revealed that gender, age, education, family size, and time spent in the area are significantly associated with dependence on NTFPs. Additionally, strong cultural attachment to forests, seasonal engagement in collection, nearby forests being homes for community leaders, distance to the nearby forest, housing needs, a major source of medicine, education, household food security, ready income, tourist attraction, and affordability of distance to markets were found to have a significant influence. On the contrary, scary dangerous wild animals, restriction of cultivation in non-gazetted forests, restriction of hunting in non-gazetted forests, and forest fires negatively affected the dependence on NTFPs/resources. As a way of achieving sustainable utilization of NTFPs, management plans and strategies need to incorporate these factors characterizing the dependence on NTFPs.

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL AND UTILIZATION OF NTFPs IN TAMAN HUTAN RAYA (TAHURA) SULTAN SYARIF HASYIM MINAS REGENCY RIAU PROVINCE

This study aims to determine the potential and utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in TAHURA sultan syarif hasyim, Minas District, Riau Province. The research method is a survey method, with objects of forest area and the community around the forest. The data taken is primary data, namely the type of vegetation that has the potential to produce NTFPs and respondent profile data as well as their interest and to develop NTFPs. While secondary data in the form of conditions Tahura sultan syarif hasyim, Minas District, Riau Province and other supporting data. The results of all data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Interviews and answers to questionnaires from communities around the forest found 21 types of NTFPs that were utilized by the community. Only 18 respondents were aware of the potential of NTFPs, out of a total of 35 respondents. 21 types of NTFPs are utilized with various functions and benefits, such as food, medicine, and industrial raw materials. It can be concluded that the potential of NTFPs in the Minas Tahura Model KPHP is 21 species with different levels of diversity and dominance as well as different benefits and utilization of NTFPs utilized by communities around Tahura, namely wood, rattan, honey, fruits and resin resin.

Effects of harvest intensity on the marketable organ yield, growth and reproduction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs): implication for conservation and sustainable utilization of NTFPs

BackgroundNon-timber forest products (NTFPs) are an important part of forest biodiversity, and the subsistence and trade of local people, especially in less developed countries. Because of the high ecological and economic value, NTFPs have faced the problem of over-exploitation, and the key to solve this problem is to determine the feasible way of sustainable utilization of NTFPs. Harvest intensity is one of the most important and easily controlled utilization factors, which can greatly influence the plant individual survival, growth and reproductive performances, and even the population structure and dynamics. Therefore, we chose two common and important NTFPs species with different marketable parts (i.e., Acanthopanax senticosus with tender leaves and Aralia elata with tender buds) as our study objects. Aiming to determine the optimum harvest intensity for sustainably utilizing both NTFPs species, five levels of harvest intensity treatments (i.e., control, light, medium, high and severe) were designed to assess the effects of harvest intensity on their marketable organ yield, plant growth and reproductive performances.ResultsThe biomass growth rates of marketable organ and plant growth of A. senticosus under light harvest intensity treatment were significantly higher than those under other harvest intensities. The plant height growth and 1000-seed weight of A. elata under severe harvest intensity treatment were significantly lower than those under control treatment.ConclusionsThe light harvest intensity with 25% leaf removal and the high harvest intensity with all terminal buds harvested are the optimum harvest intensity to maintain the sustainable utilization of A. senticosus and A. elata, respectively. These findings could provide managers with basic but practical guidance for making decisions about the sustainable harvest management plan for the cultivated NTFPs species, and further provide a theoretical basis for managers to establish the harvest regulations for wild NTFPs species. Consequently, the local residents or communities can improve their income while ensure the sustainable development of wild NTFPs.

MORPHOLOGY, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF GENJAH SUGAR PALM IN KUTAI NATIONAL PARK, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Kutai National Park is the conservation forest in East Kalimantan, which can be used for community welfare through non-timber forest products utilization. One of the superior commoditty of non-timber forest products in Kandolo Village under the guidance of Kutai National Park is Genjah Sugar Palm (Arenga pinata Merr). This research objective was to determine the morphology, productivity and quality of the east kutai native genjah sugar palm. The materials used are fresh sap, the method of making palm sugar was by heating for 3 hours to evaporate the water. The heating is ended after it becomes thickened. After thickening, the stew is immediately removed from the heat. Before printing the thick sap is stirred so the heat is more evenly distributed. The result of research shows that the morphology of genjah sugar palm is very unique, because it has a short tree shape and a production age of 5-6 years. The productivity was quite high, the yield of sap is more than 12 liters day-1 , the duration of tapping is > 3 months tree1 . The chemical compound quality of genjah palm sugar had water content, ash, sacrose, reducing sugar, copper and mercury content of 2.24%, 1.76%, 95.48%, 1.02%, 1.62 ppm and 0.01 ppm

UTILIZATION OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (PINE RESIN AND RESIN) FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT

Management of forest areas will not be separated from the involvement of the surrounding community. land rights and natural resources, including forests, can be managed communally so that the benefits are shared by the whole community as well as individually to meet the needs of each family. One form of forest management that involves the community is the utilization of non-timber forest products by the community around the forest. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the achievement or success of using non-timber forest products (pine resin and resin) after the issuance of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.43/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/6/2017 and the Director's Regulation. General of the Directorate General of Conservation of Natural Resources Ecosystems Number P.6/KSDAE/Set/Kum.1/6/2018 in increasing awareness and participation of non-timber forest product users in conservation activities of the Mount Halimun Salak National Park Area. This study uses the CIPP (Context – input – process – product) method, which is an evaluation model on the Context, Input, Process and Product aspects. Data obtained from the results of document analysis, field observations and interviews. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the use of non-timber forest products (Sap Pinus and Damar) for community empowerment in Mount Halimun Salak National Park is feasible to be applied as an effort to improve the living standards of communities around the area while maintaining the sustainability of Mount Halimun Salak National Park. The context aspect is categorized as good and can be the main basis for implementing the program, the input aspect is categorized as sufficient, it is necessary to increase the capacity of human resources (accompaniment officers and community groups), especially in terms of institutional strengthening and group economic business development as well as business development training and training in the field of Natural Resources Conservation. Ecosystem, the Process aspect is categorized as sufficient, it is necessary to consider the existence of coaching, mentoring, monitoring and evaluation activities involving the parties (village government, related agencies from the local Government and/or Non-Governmental Organizations), and the Product aspect is categorized as good, it is necessary to continue to improve assistance and fostering so that group independence continues to increase, both institutionally, economically, as well as awareness to participate in maintaining the sustainability of the Mount Halimun Salak National Park area.