Utilization Of Metal-organic Frameworks Research Articles

Single-Atom based Metal-Organic Framework Photocatalysts for Solar-Fuel Generation.

The growing demand for fossil fuels and subsequent CO2 emissions prompted a search for alternate sources of energy and a reduction in CO2. Photocatalysis driven by solar light has been found as a potential research area to tackle both these problems. In this direction, SAC@MOF (Single-atom loaded MOFs) photocatalysis is an emerging field and a promising technology. The unique properties of single-atom catalysts (SACs), such as high catalytic activity and selectivity, are leveraged in these systems. Photocatalysis, focusing on the utilization of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as platforms for creating single-atom catalysts (SACs) characterized by metal single-atoms (SAs) as their active sites, are noted for their unparalleled atomic efficiency, precisely defined active sites, and superior photocatalytic performance. The synergy between MOFs and SAs in photocatalytic systems is meticulously examined, highlighting how they collectively enhance photocatalytic efficiency. This review examines SAC@MOF development and applications in environmental and energy sectors, focusing on synthesis and stabilization methods for SACs on MOFs and also characterization techniques vital for understanding these catalysts. The potential of SAC@MOF in CO2 Photoreduction and Photocatalytic H2 evolution is highlighted, emphasizing its role in green energy technologies and advances in materials science and Photocatalysis.

Innovative MOF-5/V2CTx composite for high-performance, and ultra-fast supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution reaction

This research work explores the potential of MXene, particularly two-dimensional vanadium carbide (V2CTx), for application in next-generation and existing energy storage systems. The material exhibits a convergence of functionalities: hydrophobicity, efficient charge transport, and exceptional surface redox activity. These combined advantages position MXene as a highly attractive material for energy storage purpose. Highlights the impressiveness of the characteristics, certain drawbacks have a significant impact on the electrochemical efficiency of MXene, such as the tendency of MXene sheets to reassemble. To prevent the reassembling of MXene layers, it is necessary to fill the gaps between them with an appropriate material. A comprehensive investigation has been carried out on the utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrochemical applications. Due to its remarkable crystallinity, porosity, and large surface area, MOF-5 has been employed in several applications. While MOF-5 demonstrates potential as an electrode material, its limited specific capacity and rate capability necessitate the exploration of composite materials to optimize its performance. This study presents an innovative methodology to produce a composite material by combining MXene and MOF-5. Therefore, this can not only reduce the path of ion/electron transport channels, but also enhance the electroactive sites. Therefore, MXene prevented sheet restacking, although MOF-5 with MXene composite has outstanding specific and rate capacity. In three and two electrode configurations, the MOF-5/MXene the electrode possesses considerable specific capacities of 961 and 235 C/g, respectively. Prepared supercapattery device MOF-5/V2CTx//AC, determined an energy density of 48.75 Wh/Kg and can deliver a power density of 920 W/Kg. Additionally, astonishing cyclic stability, with a Coulombic efficiency of 97% and a capacitive efficiency of 95% after 16,000 alternative GCD cycles.

Tailoring Charge Flow in Carbon-Defective Cu-MOF with Pd Nanoparticles: A Boost for Visible Light Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor in Bioanalysis.

The photoactive material was of significant importance in organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) bioanalysis as it influences the photoinduced voltage and the μC* product, resulting in a varying sensor sensitivity. The utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as photoactive materials in OPECT analysis is promising, yet it remains a grand challenge due to the inherently narrow light absorption range and high electron-hole recombination rate. Herein, Pd NPs were encapsulated as electron acceptors into the Cu-MOF using a double-solvent method, followed by pyrolysis at the proper temperature. After pyrolysis, Cu-MOF transformed into a carbon defect-rich composite of CuO and Cu2O while retaining its high porosity and structural morphology. The resulting carbon defect-rich pyrolysis Cu-MOF (p-Cu-MOF) served as an active support, facilitating the separation of electrons and holes. The photoelectrons trigger the electron transfer of adjacent active metal components and the formation of a Schottky junction between Pd and the MOFs. This effect induces the electron donation from the MOFs. Moreover, Pd/pyrolysis Cu-MOF exhibits significantly higher visible light absorption, better water stability, and higher electrical conductivity compared to Cu-MOF and Pd/Cu-MOF. An OPECT sensor was fabricated by utilizing Pd/p-Cu-MOF as the photoactive material and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the channel material on an integrated laser-etched FTO. The aptamer was used as the recognition element, enabling sensitive and efficient detection of residual isocarbophos.

The Utilization of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives Composite in Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Up to now, the mainstream adoption of renewable energy has brought about substantial transformations in the electricity and energy sector. This shift has garnered considerable attention within the scientific community. Supercapacitors, known for their exceptional performance metrics like good charge/discharge capability, strong power density, as well as extended cycle longevity, have gained widespread traction across various sectors, including transportation and aviation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique traits including adaptable structure, highly customizable synthetic methods, and high specific surface area, have emerged as strong candidates for electrode materials. For enhancing the performance, MOFs are commonly compounded with other conducting materials to increase capacitance. This paper provides a detailed analysis of various common preparation strategies and characteristics of MOFs. It summarizes the recent application of MOFs and their derivatives as supercapacitor electrodes alongside other carbon materials, metal compounds, and conductive polymers. Additionally, the challenges encountered by MOFs in the realm of supercapacitor applications are thoroughly discussed. Compared to previous reviews, the content of this paper is more comprehensive, offering readers a deeper understanding of the diverse applications of MOFs. Furthermore, it provides valuable suggestions and guidance for future progress and development in the field of MOFs.

Metal organic framework (MOF): Synthesis and fabrication for the application of electrochemical sensing

Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are a class of porous hybrid materials of metal ions linked by organic bridging ligands. These materials consist of different families of crystalline frameworks with metal ions and metal-ion clusters linked by the coordination bonds with suitable organic ligands. These porous materials possess high surface area, variable pore sizes, various functions, and excellent thermal stability. As a result, these unique and tailored MOF materials found varied applications in electrochemical sensor development. The review critically examines the approach to synthesizing a wide range of MOF compounds. The utilization of MOF in fabricating a small-scale sensor device demonstrates the ability to detect various water contaminants in aquatic environments. Moreover, it showcased an in-depth advancement in sensor and device development utilizing MOFs materials. The efficient use of electrochemical sensors is discussed critically and presents these studies’ challenges and future perspectives.

Metal organic frameworks in biomedicine: Innovations in drug delivery

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a class of versatile materials, finding extensive applications in drug delivery because of their unique properties and flexible design. This comprehensive review aims to give a broad perspective on the recent advancements in the area of drug delivery applications using MOFs. The fundamental characteristics of MOFs, highlighting their exceptional porosity, high surface area, and tuneable framework structures, enable MOFs to serve as ideal drug carriers, allowing efficient drug loading and controlled release. The review delves into the various ligands and metal ions employed for drug encapsulation. These include physical encapsulation, covalent bonding, and host-guest interactions, each offering distinct advantages for diverse types of drugs and therapeutic applications. The importance of tailoring MOF properties to optimize drug loading capacity, stability, and release kinetics has been emphasized. Additionally, the explorations involve delving into the mechanisms of drug release from MOFs, with factors such as pH, temperature, and external stimuli that can be harnessed to trigger controlled drug release. The utilization of MOFs in combination therapies, such as co-delivery of multiple drugs or integrating imaging agents, has also been examined. Numerous examples of MOFs used for drug delivery, encompassing both in-vitro and in-vivo studies, covering a wide range of therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment, antimicrobial therapy, and targeted drug delivery, are included. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges and future perspectives in the development of MOFs for drug delivery. Strategies to improve MOF stability, biocompatibility, and scalability are discussed, along with the understanding of MOF-drug interaction and potential toxicity concerns. With their tuneable properties, high loading capacities, and controlled release capabilities, MOFs hold exceptional capabilities that promise to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Continued research and development in this area can pave way for the translation of MOFs into clinical applications in the near future.

Enhancing the Properties of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Composites with Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-Derived Nanocarbons.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) reinforced with nanocarbon have attracted significant interest due to their potential to enhance mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Although the investigation of carbon-based materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes as additives for advanced ceramics has been widespread, the utilization of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived nanocarbons in CMCs remains largely unexplored. We extended our previous proof-of-concept investigations by demonstrating the effectiveness of a different type of MOF-derived carbon as a reinforcing phase in an alternative ceramic matrix. We employed spark plasma sintering (SPS) to consolidate yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) powder blends at 1300 °C and a uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. YSZ serves as the ceramic matrix, whereas ZIF-67 serves as the nanocarbon source. The composite exhibits a highly significant improvement in fracture toughness with an increase of up to 13% compared to that of the YSZ monolith. The formation of ZIF-derived nanocarbon interlayers is responsible for the observed enhancement in ductility, which can be attributed to their ability to facilitate energy dissipation during crack propagation and inhibit grain growth. Furthermore, the room-temperature electrical conductivity of the sintered samples demonstrates a substantial improvement, primarily due to the in situ formation of nanocarbon-based fillers, reaching an impressive 27 S/m with 10 wt % ZIF-67 content. Based on the results, it can be inferred that the incorporation of in situ MOF-derived nanocarbons into CMCs leads to a substantial improvement in both the mechanical and electrical properties.

Membrane-Based Technologies for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture from Flue Gases: Recent Progress in Commonly Employed Membrane Materials.

Carbon dioxide (CO2), which results from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes, accounts for a substantial part of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). As a result, several carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies have been developed during the last decade. Chemical absorption, adsorption, cryogenic separation and membrane separation are the most widely used post-combustion CO2 capture technologies. This study reviews post-combustion CO2 capture technologies and the latest progress in membrane processes for CO2 separation. More specifically, the objective of the present work is to present the state of the art of membrane-based technologies for CO2 capture from flue gases and focuses mainly on recent advancements in commonly employed membrane materials. These materials are utilized for the fabrication and application of novel composite membranes or mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), which present improved intrinsic and surface characteristics and, thus, can achieve high selectivity and permeability. Recent progress is described regarding the utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon molecular sieves (CMSs), nanocomposite membranes, ionic liquid (IL)-based membranes and facilitated transport membranes (FTMs), which comprise MMMs. The most significant challenges and future prospects of implementing membrane technologies for CO2 capture are also presented.

Prussian Blue and Its Analogues: From Properties to Biological Applications

AbstractThe utilization of metal organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites in various biomedical applications has been widely studied because of their unique properties. In recently years, Prussian blue (PB) is widely used in clinical studied due to its biosafety, which has already been approved by USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Therefore, it is great urgent to systematically summarize the resent progress to better serve the broad community of researchers. This review focuses on the properties of PB and PB analogues (PBA), and their applications in biological field. A systemic introduction of the properties is presented, including abilities of photothermal, scavenging of reactive oxygen species and adsorption. A variety of biomedical applications, such as tumor therapy, anti‐bacterial infection, biosensor, bioimaging, excretion, ischemic stroke treatment, etc. have been discussed as well. Furthermore, the challenges, key factors, and the prospects in the clinical transformation of PB or PBA are simultaneously discussed. This review will provide reference and guidance for the design and application of PB and PBA in the future.

Colorimetric Aerogel Gas Sensor with High Sensitivity and Stability.

The detection of formic acid vapor in the usage environment is extremely important for human health and safety. The utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the detection of gaseous molecules is an attractive strategy. However, the rational design and construction of MOF-based gas sensors with high sensitivity and mechanical stability remain a significant challenge. In this study, a simple approach is reported to fabricate colorimetric aerogel sensors assembled from MOF particles via ice template-assisted methods. As the aerogel sensor with staggered lamellae structures significantly provides a high air-volume intake of flowing gas, it generates a sufficient probability of contact reactions for highly mobile target molecules. Additionally, it enhances the mechanical stability by providing stress resistance between the staggered lamellae structures. Compared to conventional film sensors for the detection of formic acid molecules, aerogel sensors exhibit an 8-fold lower limit of detection, 15-fold better sensitivity at low concentrations, 34-fold faster response time, and higher stability. This approach shows great potential for rapid and real-time detection of target molecules as well as superior performance in the structural construction of various gas-sensitive materials.

Constructing Physiological Defense Systems against Infectious Disease with Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Review.

The swift and deadly spread of infectious diseases, alongside the rapid advancement of scientific technology in the past several centuries, has led to the invention of various methods for protecting people from infection. In recent years, a class of crystalline porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has shown great potential in constructing defense systems against infectious diseases. This review addresses current approaches to combating infectious diseases through the utilization of MOFs in vaccine development, antiviral and antibacterial treatment, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Along with an updated account of MOFs used for designing defense systems against infectious diseases, directions are also suggested for expanding avenues of current MOF research to develop more effective approaches and tools to prevent the widespread nature of infectious diseases.

Two-Dimensional Electrically Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks as Chemiresistive Sensors.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as attractive chemical sensing materials due to their exceptionally high porosity and chemical diversity. Nevertheless, the utilization of MOFs in chemiresistive type sensors has been hindered by their inherent limitation in electrical conductivity. The recent emergence of two-dimensional conductive MOFs (2D c-MOFs) has addressed this limitation by offering enhanced electrical conductivity, while still retaining the advantageous properties of MOFs. In particular, c-MOFs have shown promising advantages for the fabrication of sensors capable of operating at room temperature. Thus, active research on gas sensors utilizing c-MOFs is currently underway, focusing on enhancing sensitivity and selectivity. To comprehend the potential of MOFs as chemiresistive sensors for future applications, it is crucial to understand not only the fundamental properties of conductive MOFs but also the state-of-the-art works that contribute to improving their performance. This comprehensive review delves into the distinctive characteristics of 2D c-MOFs as a new class of chemiresistors, providing in-depth insights into their unique sensing properties. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed sensing mechanisms associated with 2D c-MOFs and provide a concise summary of the strategies employed to enhance the sensing performance of 2D c-MOFs. These strategies encompass a range of approaches, including the design of metal nodes and linkers, morphology control, and the synergistic use of composite materials. In addition, the review thoroughly explores the prospects of 2D c-MOFs as chemiresistors and elucidates their remarkable potential for further advancements. The insights presented in this review shed light on future directions and offer valuable opportunities in the chemical sensing research field.

Functional MOF-Based Materials for Environmental and Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review.

Over the last ten years, there has been a growing interest in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are a unique category of porous materials that combine organic and inorganic components. MOFs have garnered significant attention due to their highly favorable characteristics, such as environmentally friendly nature, enhanced surface area and pore volume, hierarchical arrangements, and adjustable properties, as well as their versatile applications in fields such as chemical engineering, materials science, and the environmental and biomedical sectors. This article centers on examining the advancements in using MOFs for environmental remediation purposes. Additionally, it discusses the latest developments in employing MOFs as potential tools for disease diagnosis and drug delivery across various ailments, including cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, and ocular diseases. Firstly, a concise overview of MOF evolution and the synthetic techniques employed for creating MOFs are provided, presenting their advantages and limitations. Subsequently, the challenges, potential avenues, and perspectives for future advancements in the utilization of MOFs in the respective application domains are addressed. Lastly, a comprehensive comparison of the materials presently employed in these applications is conducted.

MIL-101(Fe)/polysulfone hollow microspheres from pickering emulsion template for effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

The utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants has gained significant attention in recent years, yet the challenge of recycling MOFs has hindered their widespread use. In this study, we have fabricated a novel MIL-101(Fe)/Polysulfone (MP) composite hollow microsphere via a Pickering emulsion template approach for the application in photo-Fenton degradation of methylene Blue (MB). Our results revealed that the loading of MIL-101(Fe) plays a crucial role in determining the porosity, density, and optical properties of the MP composite microspheres. The MP composite microspheres exhibited excellent MB removal performance and showed a higher adsorption rate compared to MIL-101(Fe) and Polysulfone (PSF). The enhanced performance can be attributed to the porous structure and electrostatic attraction between MB+ and negatively charged PSF materials. Additionally, the MP composite microspheres displayed good degradation efficiency and a high degree of reusability, remaining stable even after 5 cycles. These results demonstrate that the MP composite microsphere is a highly effective, reusable, and durable photocatalyst for the treatment of water and organic pollutants.

Metal-organic frameworks as promising flame retardants for polymeric materials

This article presents a vision for advancing the development of next-generation flame-retardant materials through the utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The proposed vision is centered on four key areas: industrialization, multifunctionality, ligand synthesis, and derivatives. By optimizing production processes, customizing MOFs for specific properties and applications, and developing novel ligands and derivatives, the effectiveness and versatility of MOFs as flame-retardant materials can be significantly enhanced. This vision represents a promising direction for the field that has the potential to address critical safety concerns across various industries.

Reticular chemistry for the rational design of mechanically robust mesoporous merged-net metal-organic frameworks

Reticular chemistry for the rational design of mechanically robust mesoporous merged-net metal-organic frameworks

Noncovalent Surface Modification of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Unscrambling Adsorption Properties via Isothermal Titration Calorimetry.

Despite the importance of noncovalent interactions in the utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), using these interactions to functionalize MOFs has rarely been explored. The ease of functionalization and potential for surface-selective functionalization makes modification via noncovalent interactions promising for the creation of porous photocatalytic assemblies. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, photoluminescence measurements, and desorption experiments, we have explored the nature and magnitude of the interactions of [Ru(bpy)2(bpy-R)]2+-functionalized dyes with the surface of MIL-96, where R = C3, C8, C12, and C18 alkyl chains of either straight-chain or cyclic conformations. The orientation of the dyes appears to be flat against the surface with respect to the long alkyl chains, and the surface concentration approaches a monolayer at high initial concentrations of dye. Strangely, the dodecyl-functionalized dye, despite having a smaller interaction energy and larger footprint than either octyl-functionalized dye, achieves the highest maximum surface concentration. Based on photoluminescence spectra, desorption experiments, and ITC data, we believe this is due to the core of the dye being lifted from the surface as the chain length increases. Our understanding of these interactions is important for further utilization of this method for the functionalization of the internal and external surface areas of MOFs.

Metal-Organic Framework Reinforced Acrylic Polymer Marine Coatings.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of crystalline, porous, 3D materials synthesized by the linking of metal nodes and organic linkers are rapidly emerging as attractive materials in gas storage, electrodes in batteries, super-capacitors, sensors, water treatment, and medicine etc. However the utility of MOFs in coatings, especially in marine coatings, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this manuscript we report the first study on silver MOF (Ag-MOF) functionalized acrylic polymers for marine coatings. A simple and rapid microwave technique was used to synthesize a two-dimensional platelet structured Ag-MOF. Field tests on the MOF reinforced marine coatings exhibited an antifouling performance, which can be attributed to the inhibition of marine organisms to settle as evidenced by the anti-bacterial activity of Ag-MOFs. Our results indicate that MOF based coatings are highly promising candidates for marine coatings.

An overview of supercapacitors electrode materials based on metal organic frameworks and future perspectives

The flexible as well as wearable devices encroachment prerequisites proficient energy storage devices to satisfy their power demands. Metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors have attained the researcher's prodigious interest in the preset era owing to their grander energy storage features such as long cycle life, high energy, and power density. A major limitation in the practical application of metal-ion batteries in wearable devices is their inflexible and toxic nature, flammability, and low power density owing to organic nature electrolytes. In contrast, the utilization of aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitors makes them a safer substitute for wearable applications. As an emerging crystalline material, Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are innovative electrode materials implemented for energy storage devices because of their prominent features such as huge surface area, 3D porous and tunable structure, and permeability to extraneous entities, etc. Although the original MOFs exhibit less conductivity, this problem can be resolved by making their composites with conductive materials. Transition metal-based MOF electrodes are highly auspicious for wearable, and flexible supercapacitors due to their benign nature, low cost, high energy, and power density, as well as good stability. This review emphasizes the supercapacitors technology, their types, efficiency controlling factors for supercapacitors, new inventions in the field of non-noble metal-based MOFs electrode materials for the development of the supercapacitors by synthesizing the MOFs, MOFs derived materials, and composites by different fabrication schemes as well as the challenges associated with the utilization of MOFs and their promising solutions.

Metal organic frameworks modification of carbon fiber composite interface

Carbon fiber reinforced polymeric composites (CFRPs) are prone to delamination due to insufficient interfacial properties . Several remedies were carried out to enhance the fiber/matrix interfaces via chemical treatments or utilizing stiffer nanomaterials at the interface. However, some of these treatments are destructive in nature and others are non-scalable. This investigation corroborates a novel methodology for developing hybrid reinforcements that comprise carbon fibers and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). The growth of MOFs is scalable, non-destructive to the fibers, and easily tailorable to control the porous morphologies of the MOFs at the interface. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the MOFs as a catalyst to grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the carbon fibers. The microstructure of the MOFs was examined via microscopy, Raman analysis, wide-angle X-Ray scattering (WAXS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the MOFs on the fiber thermal stability was probed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while contact angle analysis was employed to probe the effect of the different surface modifications on the fibers hydrophilicity . Several mechanical characterizations including tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and shear lap joint were carried out to discern the effects of the MOFs on the composite structural performance. Several improvements emanated from the MOFs placement on the interface including improving the strength, enhancing the damping parameter by 500%, increasing the glass transition temperature of the composite by 20 °C and alleviating the shear lap joint strength by 40%. • Successful scalable growth of metal organic forms (MOFs) on carbon fibers with unique and controllable morphologies. • Improvements on strength, damping, glass transition and shear lap strength. • Utilization of MOFs as catalyst to grow CNTs directly on carbon fibers at different densities.