Utilization Of Biological Resources Research Articles

Seagrass diversity in Pulau Banyak, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia

Abstract. Erniati, Andika Y, Imanullah, Imamshadiqin, Erlangga, Rahmad, Tauladan TA, Siregar FR, Fitri A, Ritonga GH. 2023. Seagrass diversity in Pulau Banyak, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6621-6628. Seagrass is a high-level plant where life activities are submerged in seawater. Currently, the seagrass ecosystem is threatened with destruction and disappearance. The extent of seagrass ecosystems globally was estimated to have declined by about 58%. The solution to this problem is to balance local communities' utilization of biological resources and biodiversity maintenance. The biodiversity aspect of seagrass is key to the sustainability of seagrass ecosystems. Banyak Island is one of the sub-districts in Aceh Singkil Regency, which consists of a cluster of small islands and has rich fisheries and marine potential, one of them is seagrass, where station 1 is Balong Island, Stasion 2 is Balong Island, Stasion 3 is Lamun Island and Stasion 4 is Rago-Rago Island. This study aimed to assess the diversity of seagrass beds, including seagrass species composition, density, percentage cover, and water quality that affect the existence of seagrass ecosystems. This study used a purposive sampling method with 3 transect lines spaced 50 m perpendicular from the shoreline to the sea. Each transect line has 5 plots with a distance of 10 meters measuring 50 x 50 cm2, and the water quality parameters were measured in situ. This research found 5 seagrass species, namely T. hemprichii, C. rotundata, E. acroides, S. isoetifolium, and H. ovalis. C. rotundata is the species with the highest density on Matahari Island, but seagrass diversity is low, and no species were dominant in the groups. The results of PCA analysis showed that the environmental factors that most influenced the pattern of seagrass distribution and density were nitrate, phosphate, and substrate. The conclusion revealed that seagrass diversity on Banyak Islands is relatively low.

It Is Time to Synergize the Circularity of Circular Bioeconomy with Sustainability and Resiliency Principles

Bioeconomy mainly refers to an economic system based on the sustainable production, conversion, and utilization of biological resources, such as crops, forests, fish, and microorganisms, to produce food, feed, energy, and other products [...]

Preparation of biochar-based photothermal superhydrophobic coating based on corn straw biogas residue and blade anti-icing performance by wind tunnel test

The utilization of biological resources is conducive to alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution, and the application of biochar to anti-icing can promote green low-carbon cycle development. In this study, the ice-phobic coating with a photothermal effect was prepared from biogas residue after anaerobic digestion. The modification and Fe3O4 loading promoted the formation of the rough structure of the material and reduced the hydrophilic groups, thus increasing the contact angle of the prepared photothermal coating to 154.49°. The rough structure of the biochar-based photothermal superhydrophobic coating effectively decreased the contact area between the coating and the ice, significantly reducing the icing adhesion strength to 71.96 kPa. The Fe3O4-loaded biochar material had an extremely high light absorption capacity, which rapidly increased the surface temperature of the coating to 48.2 °C. This was attributed to the photothermal properties of the Fe3O4 particles, which enhanced the photothermal conversion performance of the photothermal coating. Icing wind tunnel experiments showed that the maximum reduction in icing mass and icing area of coated blades were 39.13% and 13.48%, respectively, compared to uncoated blades, indicating that the coating had a good anti-icing effect. The biochar-based ice-phobic coating had fine acid and alkali resistance and durability. This study provided a method for anti-icing civil and industrial material surfaces.

Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam Berkelanjutan Di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Luppung Manyampa

Luppung mangrove environmental tourism located in the Bulukumba Regency area has become one of the tourist destinations that has started to be crowded with visitors. In the utilization of resources in mangrove areas, the participation of all parties is required so that their sustainability can be maintained. The purpose of implementing community service is to provide counseling and information to the people of the Luppung mangrove area in the utilization of biological resources in the area. The socialization was held in November 2021, attended by 22 residents of the mangrove area of Luppung Village. PKM activities are carried out using the lecture method and demonstration of video playback for participants who attend. The results of the activity showed that participants' understanding increased in terms of utilizing mangrove plants as an effort to improve the economy without exploiting the environment.

Facile construction of phosphorus-free and green organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant system: For improving fire safety of EP

As the contradiction intensifies both the increasing consumption of petroleum resources and environmental protection, the exploitation and utilization of biological resources have reached an unprecedented height. In this work, a phosphorus-free and green organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant system was facilely constructed based on oyster waste via mechanochemical strategies for flame-retardant epoxy (EP). The characterization results showed the successful exfoliation of the lamellar structure in oyster waste during the mill process. EP composites with TOSP exhibited a short combustion time during the vertical combustion test. And the limited oxygen index value of EP composites with TOSP increased from 24.4 % to 27.3 %. Remarkably, the introduction of environmentally friendly TOSP enhanced the fire safety of EP (e.g., ∼41.8 % and 55.0 % decline in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total CO production (TCOP) at only 4 wt% content). Hence, the work offers novel insights into the facile construction of a phosphorus-free and green organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant system and recycling oyster waste.

Facile construction of organic–inorganic hybrid flame-retardant system based on fully biomass: Improving the fire safety and mechanical property of epoxy resin

As the contradiction intensifies both the increasing consumption of petroleum resources and environmental protection, the exploitation and utilization of biological resources have reached an unprecedented height. Hence, an organic–inorganic hybrid system, called ammonia phytate modified oyster waste nanosheets (TOSP@PAA), was constructed via mechanochemical strategies and used for flame-retardant EP. The characterization revealed that TOSP@PAA showed a specific layer crosslinking structure by the NH3+OP bond. The calcination experiment revealed that TOSP@PAA possessed excellent self-charring performance and formed a highly intumescent char residue layer at high temperatures. In addition, the combustion tests indicated that EP with TOSP@PAA showed noticeable fire safety (e.g., ∼74.0 % and 60.2 % decline in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) at only 8 wt% content) and excellent heat insulation properties. Remarkably, EP with TOSP@PAA exhibited good mechanical properties with remarkable improvement in flexural properties. The work provides new sights on the facile preparation of environmentally friendly flame retardants and explores a new way to strengthen the fire safety and mechanical property of EP.

STUDI ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN OBAT MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN KEMBANG PASEBAN KECAMATAN MERSAM KABUPATEN BATANGHARI

Ethnobotany is a branch of biological sciences that examines the relationship between society and the world of plants. Plants have an important role in the sustainability of life, especially in the utilization as medicinal and food ingredients by a number of traditional in Indonesia. Indonesia has a high biodiversity so that the utilization of biological resources can not be separated from plants that live in nature both intentionally planted and that grow wild in the forest to meet the needs of daily life, for example as a traditional medicine material. Traditional medicine using plants is still found in Jambi Province which has abundant natural wealth, one of which is in Batanghari Regency, Mersam Subdistrict, especially in the Kembang Paseban Village Community. The research aims to find out the types of plants that are used as medicines, the parts used, the way of processing, the benefits of medicinal plants used, the measure of use, cultural value as well as plant parts used as medicinal materials in the community of Kembang Paseban Subdistrict Mersam Batanghari. The research method uses snowball sampling interview method and purposive sampling as well as participatory observation. Based on the results of the study, there are 67 species from 35 families used by the community of Kembang Paseban Village. With the highest value on the leaves as much as 43.01%. The way of processing is brewed, squeezed, kneaded, shredded, sailed to the fire, eaten directly, freshed, and pounded. Boiling medicinal plants is most widely done and considered more effective. Plants with the highest ICS value in the community of Kembang Paseban Village are capo leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.) and keriki leaves (Jatropha curcas L.).    

Survivorship and yield of a harvested population of Forsteronia glabrescens.

The exploitation of non-timber forest products may be an opportunity to reconcile the utilization of biological resources with biodiversity conservation. In Southern Brazil, the exploitation of liana stems for handicraft makes up an important part of the income of indigenous Kaingang people. In this study we evaluated the effects of stem harvesting on the survivorship of Forsteronia glabrescens Müll.Arg, the most exploited liana species in the region. We marked and monitored the survivorship, sprouting, changes in stem diameter and resource yield in control and harvested plots with two different resting times-six and twelve months. We associated variables of interest with individual attributes, harvesting regime and vegetation descriptors through linear mixed modelling. Survivorship and resource yield were lower in the harvested groups than in the control group, although the mean stem diameter was higher. Plants with larger stem diameter presented higher survival odds. Either six or twelve months of resting between harvests were not sufficient to recompose the yield and compensate mortality. Harvesting twice a year increases yield but reduces survivorship. Our results point that the sustainable exploitation of F. glabrescens require either large areas, low pressure or resting periods longer than the ones we tested.

Investigation of Ethano Medicinal Plant used by Banjara Tribe in Mantha Tahasil, District Jalana, Maharashtra

Ethnomedicinal surveys can potentially bring out many different clues for the development of safe, effective and inexpensive indigenous remedies. Present study has been focused on Banjara tribe of Mantha tahesil district Jalana of Maharashtra, India. Banjara tribes in this area have been using number of plants in their traditional medicine. The ethnomedicinal survey brought to light 51 medicinal plants belonging to 32 families distributed in 23 genera used very commonly by this Tribe. The different plant parts like stem, leaves, fruit, flower, bark, root, seed and pod were used by this tribal community. The plants were identified with relevant information and are documented with their botanical name, family, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and uses. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources and for the wale fare of human being.

Copperpod Plant Synthesized AgNPs Enhance Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effect in Cancer Cell Lines

The utilization of biological resources on the manufacture of nano silver has attracted the interest of researchers to develop an eco-friendly, cost-effective technology in nanomaterials production. In the present study, plant-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extracts of the Copperpod plant, which was well characterized. The ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric study showed a maximum absorbance peak at 425 nm, and the observation of transmission electron microscopic features revealed that the nanoparticles size ranged between 20 and 70 nm. The synthesized AgNPs were tested for in vitro cytotoxic effects against cancerous cells, such as HepG2, A549 and MCF-7 cells. The findings showed that the IC50 values of AgNPs against cancerous cells viz., HepG2, MCF-7 and A549 cells, were observed to be 69 µg/mL, 62 µg/mL and 53 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the apoptosis property was analysed using propidium iodide and acridine orange-ethidium bromide via the DNA fragmentation technique. Thus, the outcomes of the current analysis presume that the plant mediated AgNPs obtained from a synthesized Copperpod plant possess significant anti-cancer properties against various cancerous cells.

Jenis dan Kekerabatan Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera) di Taman Hutan Raya Sulawesi Tengah

Species and cladystic of butterflies is closely related to the preservation and utilization of biological resources in Indonesia. This study aims to determine species and cladystic of butterflies (Lepidoptera) in Grand Forest Park Central Sulawesi. Sampling of butterflies using a sweeping net with a purposive sampling method at three different watershed (DAS) locations, namely Vatutela, Kawatuna, and Poboya. Butterfly samples obtained at the research location were then identified at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tadulako University. The results showed that there were 97 species from 5 butterfly families, namely Papilionidae (14 species), Pieridae (16 species), Nymphalidae (46 species), Lycanidae (15 species), and Hesperiidae (6 species). The research sample used for the analysis of kinship is 23 species from five butterfly families that dominate the research location. The observed characters included 32 characters. Analysis of kinship was calculated using the Sorensen similarity index, then processed using the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) software. The closest kinship relationship is between the species Appias ithome and A. zarinda which is supported by a similarity index above 0.90 and the farthest relationship occurs between the species Bibasis sp. with other species from the Hesperiidae family which were supported by a similarity index below 0.7.

Визначення завдань сталого розвитку підприємства в умовах європейської моделі біоекономіки

The article presents the results of research on the topical issue of achieving the global goal of sustainable development by 2030. So, the urgent problem of substantiating the tasks of the institutional micro-level of enterprises during their transformation in accordance with the sustainable development principles in the bioeconomy model has been solved. The article is aimed at publishing scientific achievements that improve the theoretical foundations of sustainable development by positioning the bioeconomy in relation to sustainable development, comparing the components of bioeconomy and sustainable development goals, and defining the objectives of enterprises in this context. Having analyzed and compared the essence of bioeconomy and bioeconomics, the authors have identified their significant differences in such characteristics as the conceptual basis of the two models, their focus issues, and the factor seen as the main driver of economic growth. The choice of bioeconomy as a concept that is closer to sustainable development is argued. Significant polarity of scientists' views on bioeconomy as a set of processes and phenomena is revealed. Two types of interpreting bioeconomy are substantiated. Scientists in the first group believe that bioeconomy covers all the components of socio-economic relations connected wtih the production, consumption and utilization of biological resources, including renewable energy. The other group criticizes bioeconomy as a concept and call it a political project of economic influence. The article expresses the authors’ view on bioeconomy as a model, a mechanism for achieving certain global goals of sustainable development, which are mainly related to its environmental component. On this basis, the place of the bioeconomy model in the sustainable development system is substantiated, and the tasks of the sustainable development of an enterprise in the bioeconomy model are determined. These tasks can be divided in two groups, namely 1) tasks of the company’s own activity, and 2) tasks of supporting and assisting other enterprises, whose activities meet the global sustainable development goals and ensure their achievement.

Optimal harvesting in a changing climate

Choosing the right harvesting strategy is crucial for sustainable utilization of biological resources but is challenging in real systems with fluctuating environments. This challenge is expected to become even greater with global warming, as environmental variability is predicted to increase. Additionally, harvesting strategies based on single-species models have been shown to carry a severe risk of species extinctions when species interactions are ignored, particularly in systems with more than one harvested species. As the climate continues to warm, we therefore need new reference points for harvesting in an ecosystem context with environmental fluctuations. In this paper, we discuss the development of harvesting strategies and suggest that a proportional threshold harvesting framework could be a useful starting point for developing such reference points and tackling the challenge of sustainable harvesting in the future.

Local Wisdom of Jerieng Tribe in Utilizing Biological Resources

Jerieng Tribe is one of the ethnic groups found in Bangka, precisely in Simpang Teritip District, West Bangka Regency. The Jerieng ethnic group is included in the Malay tribe of Bangka, in addition to the Lom ethnic group and the Sawang ethnic group on Belitung Island. Biodiversity of plants and animals has been widely utilized by the Jerieng Ethnics in fulfilling the needs of life, such as food, medicine, customs and cultural rituals. This study aims to examine the use and local knowledge of Jerieng Ethnics in utilizing and protecting biodiversity. The method used is Ethnodirect Sampling and Open-ended Interview. The Jerieng people have local wisdom in utilizing plant biological resources, such as traditional home and clothing, folk weapons, musical instruments, herbal medicine, and alternative food. For animal biological resources, such as the implementation of existing rituals, clothing. Traditional medicine and musical instruments. The utilization of biological resources must have a conservation strategy involving indigenous institutions, indigenous peoples, local Governments (Regents and village heads), and the central government (Ministry of Environment and Forestry). In conclusion, the Jerieng people kept their customary values and traditions and implemented a conservation strategy in the utilization of biological resources.

Fifty years of capacity building in the search for new marine natural products

The Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Nagoya Protocol in particular, provide a framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of biological resources and traditional knowledge, and ultimately aim to promote capacity-building in the developing world. However, measuring capacity-building is a challenging task due to its intangible nature. By compiling and analyzing a database of scientific peer-reviewed publications over a period of 50 y (1965 to 2015), we investigated capacity-building in global marine natural product discovery. We used publication and authorship metrics to assess how the capacity to become scientifically proficient, prolific, and independent has changed in bioprospecting countries. Our results show that marine bioprospecting is a dynamically growing field of research with continuously increasing numbers of participating countries, publications, and scientists. Yet despite longstanding efforts to promote equitability and scientific independence, not all countries have similarly increased their capacity to explore marine biodiversity within their national jurisdiction areas. Although developing countries show an increasing trend in the number of publications, a few developed countries still account for almost one-half of all publications in the field. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that economic capacity affects how well countries with species-rich marine ecosystems can scientifically explore those resources. Overall, the capacity-building data analyzed here provides a timely contribution to the ongoing international debate about access to and benefit-sharing of biological resources for countries exploring biodiversity within and outside their national jurisdiction areas.

Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Peptide Toxin from the Spider Pardosa astrigera.

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an immediate threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides are attracting attention as a new source of antibiotics due to their ability to prevent drug-resistances with fewer side effects. Spider venom is composed of various bioactive substances with multiple functionalities such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, RNA sequencing was conducted on the venom gland of the spider Pardosa astrigera, and a potential toxin peptide with antibacterial properties was selected via homology and in silico analysis. A novel toxin, Lycotoxin-Pa4a, inhibited both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria by disrupting the outer and bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Moreover, the peptide downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators while upregulating the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine by inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. In this research, we identified a novel peptide toxin, Lycotoxin-pa4a, with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential for the development of a new antibiotics, as well as offering insights into the utilization of biological resources.

Assessment of Domestic Policies Guiding the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits From Utilization of Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge

The objective of the Nagoya Protocol guides Parties to regulate illegitimate access and utilization of biological resources or associated traditional knowledge, and also directs Parties to share with fairness, equity and justice the monetary or non-monetary benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources. In a nod to the United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous People, the Nagoya Protocol binds the Parties to create access and benefit sharing (ABS) laws, policies or administrative measures as envisaged in Articles 5.2 and 5.5 of the Protocol, and obliges the States to allow for benefits to flow to Indigenous peoples and local communities (ILCs). Present paper is based on an opinion survey of academic/research institutions, civil society organizations and concerned individuals apart from competent national authorities of Asian countries. Review of secondary information, especially domestic ABS laws of relevant countries, and participant observation were other means of legal and policy analysis. The findings of this paper illustrate that the accrued benefits from the utilization of genetic resources or traditional knowledge are not adequately realized by Indigenous people or local communities. State sovereignty occupies dominance when justice and equity principles are considered in benefit sharing mechanism. It leads to the infringement of Indigenous rights and conservation objectives. Discrepancies in domestic ABS laws and in the frameworks for their implementation could be addressed by ensuring the participation of ILCs in domestic ABS rulemaking, decision-making processes, and the participatory execution of ABS mechanisms at all levels. The resulting gains in efficiency in the ABS process could then better achieve the goal of conserving and sustainably using biodiversity, while also ensuring respect for the rights of Indigenous people.

Diversity of traditional knowledge related to utilization of biological resources by Tu nationality in China

Diversity of traditional knowledge related to utilization of biological resources by Tu nationality in China

Analysis of Utilization of Biological Resources Using Text Mining Based on Freshwater Biodiversity Information Platform

The Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization in the convention on biological diversity entered into force on October 12, 2014. Accordingly, attention toward securing the sovereignty and discovering the utilization value of biological resources has been increasing to secure national competitiveness. We are developing a freshwater biodiversity information platform for the systematic conservation and industrialization of freshwater biodiversity in South Korea. The platform comprises an integrated management system of freshwater bioresources for systematic registration and management of freshwater biodiversity information based on databases; a management system of storage for managing freshwater biological specimen; a utilization information system that manages efficacy, experimental method, and activity produced by the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources and external big data such as literature and patent; and a freshwater bioresources culture collection for preservation, ordering and deposition of biological resources. These systems are connected organically. Text mining, one of the big data technologies, helps to determine the utility of biological resources through comprehensive analysis. We tried to establish utilization foundations by predicting the usability of biological resources through systematic collection, processing, and analyzing external data, such as abstract, in order to support industrialization of national freshwater bioresources. Through text mining, we constructed a literature-based corpus and preprocessed the corpus with lowercase conversion and removal of stop word. Then, a word cloud was created and statistical analysis was performed. As a result, genes and diseases associated with specific biological resources have been identified. In this study, through a comprehensive analysis of species, genes, and disease information using text mining, we were able to determine the utilization value of biological resources. This study will help the freshwater biodiversity researchers by adding a function for utilization analysis in the utilization information system of the platform in the future.

Analysis of maize biomass use in Ethiopia and its implications for food security and the bioeconomy

Using Ethiopia’s maize production as a case study, this paper examines the uses of maize biomass as a bioeconomy crop, and its implications and challenges for household food security. In the context of this study, bioeconomy refers to the production and utilization of biological resources or biomass to provide products, processes and services. The study followed a mixed methods approach that involved a household survey covering 322 randomly selected farmers, key informant interviews and focus group discussions in Ethiopia. We examined the implication of intensity of biomass use on farm household food security using an endogenous switching regression model. The study found multiple areas of use of maize biomass, although many of them were underdeveloped and underutilized. Model results further showed a positive and significant effect of diversification of use of biomass on the food security of farm households. Raising the quantity of maize biomass is important to enhance farm household food security as it allows farm households to increase the amount of biomass allocated for individual use and also to use it for diverse purposes. Yet, a broad set of factors including lack of market access, limited information and extension support on the uses of biomass, and a lack of biomass value-adding technologies have restricted the full potential of biomass utilization. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of provision of these factors in order to unlock the potential of biomass for food security and advance the development of the bioeconomy.