Utilization Of Bagasse Research Articles

Integrating use of sugarcane bagasse with sugarcane juice for efficient l-lactic acid production through fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation: Process configurations and kinetic analysis

The present study investigated the utilization of sugarcane juice (SJ) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) for L-lactic acid (L-LA) production by a newly isolated Enterococcus gallinarum TSKKU D-6. SJ was first investigated as a single substrate, yielding 43.9 ± 2.9 g-LA/L, with a fermentation efficiency of 72.0 ± 0.1 %, based on sucrose content in SJ. On the other hand, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of SB as a single substrate yielded 68.2 ± 2.7 g-LA/L, with a fermentation efficiency of 74.1 ± 0.0 %, based on cellulose content in SB. SSF of SJ and SB as co-substrates was subsequently carried out to increase the acid production, where SJ was first fermented, followed by the addition of SB to enhance LA titer. Effects of mixing and SB addition strategy on the kinetics and economic feasibility of L-LA production were investigated using a bioreactor equipped with a single and dual impellers, as well as the use of dual impellers under fed-batch SSF. The use of single and dual impellers gave similar L-LA titers of 95.9 ± 1.4 and 102.6 ± 0.6 g/L, respectively. Nevertheless, the use of dual impellers shortened the processing time, enhancing LA productivity from 0.37 to 1.12 g/(L·h). As a result, the economic yield and productivity were improved by 7.1 % and 187.5 %, respectively. Better still, performing fed-batch SSF with the use of dual impellers further improved the economic productivity by 8.7 %. This study demonstrated that integrating use of SB as a low-cost substrate considerably enhanced the acid production and lessened the use of SJ. It was also demonstrated that mixing, and process configuration are critical factors determining the process performance.

Utilization of Bagasse as a Substitute for Coal Fuel in Steam Boilers

Biomass utilization is believed to bring environmental and socio-economic benefits—PT X coal in a steam boiler. The research method used is a mix of quantitative and qualitative. The concentration of particulates that coal produces is higher than that of sugar cane bagasse. The NOx parameter values produced by bagasse and coal showed insignificant results. Meanwhile, coal boilers with higher temperatures produced higher NOx than NOx from biomass. The distribution concentration of SOx in bagasse biomass is higher than coal SOx emissions. A total of 26 communities agreed to change the use of coal to bagasse biomass. Utilization of bagasse biomass provides income of up to 94,000,000,000. Using bagasse as steam boiler fuel has a more positive impact than coal.

Enhancing epoxy composite materials through lime‐treated sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber reinforcement: Morphological, mechanical, and flame‐retardant insights

AbstractThis study investigates the utilization of sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber to reinforce epoxy composites, enhancing both mechanical and fire resistance properties. Initially, bagasse is collected, sun‐dried, and finely ground before being treated with lime water at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight. The treated bagasse is then mixed with epoxy resin and a hardening agent, followed by a curing process. For samples incorporating glass fibers, the fibers are manually integrated and cured similarly. The methodology involved detailed preparation of the bagasse, its treatment, and subsequent integration with epoxy resin. The mixture was processed under controlled conditions to ensure uniformity and quality. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, and impact resistance were measured. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to assess thermal stability, while fire resistance was evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the 94‐V test method. Results demonstrated significant improvements in both mechanical and thermal properties with the addition of bagasse and glass fibers. The optimal treatment was identified at a 5% lime water concentration, yielding a tensile strength of 295.08 MPa, flexural strength of 371.24 MPa, compressive strength of 255.39 MPa, and Izod impact strength of 157.04 kJ/m2. TGA results showed the highest thermal stability at 5% concentration, with decomposition temperatures peaking at 402.52 °C. Fire resistance was markedly enhanced, achieving an LOI of 29.8% and meeting V2 level standards according to the 94‐V test method. In conclusion, treating sugarcane bagasse with a 5% lime water solution significantly enhances the mechanical and fire‐resistant properties of epoxy composites. The combination of sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber creates a robust material with high thermal stability and fire resistance, making it a viable option for applications requiring these enhanced properties.

In-situ synthesis of zinc oxide-tannic acid-waste bagasse with antibacterial activity as multifunctional additive for packaging film

The resource utilization of waste bagasse (SB) is a green and effective solution to reduce environmental pollution. However, traditional methods for recycling of bagasse have the technical bottlenecks, including, secondary pollution, low efficiency, high cost and small production scale. Here, we develop a novel mechanical activation technology to convert SB in situ into zinc oxide-tannic acid-SB (ZnO-TA-SB) with antibacterial activity as multifunctional additives for packaging films. Unlike traditional methods that demand harsh reaction conditions, this novel strategy for the resource utilization of SB is convenient, green, efficient and large-scale. The results show that the bactericidal activities of ZnO-TA-SB against E. coli and S. aureus are >99 %, confirming the strong spectral antibacterial activity of ZnO-TA-SB. With the addition of ZnO-TA-SB to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film, the tensile strength, elongation at break, O2 barrier property of ZnO-TA-SB/CMC film are increased by 1.43, 2.49, 2.09 times compared with CMC film, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO-TA-SB/CMC film effectively keeps the appearance and freshness of strawberries for more than 18 days. Notably, ZnO-TA-SB/CMC film is easily degraded in soil and used as a nutrient for crop growth without secondly pollution. Therefore, this work develops a new strategy for the resource utilization of waste biomass, and obtains green, clean and high-value products from waste biomass.

Efficient and comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse components through vanillic acid pretreatment

Lignocellulosic biomass, being a renewable carbon-based resource, holds paramount practical significance in terms of its comprehensive conversion and utilization for effectively substituting petroleum-based energy sources. Herein, we present a sustainable and environmental-friendly vanillic acid (VA) pretreatment approach for efficient and comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)DP2-6 yield of 60.4 % (wt.% of xylan) was achieved under the conditions of 180 °C/15 min/6% VA (wt.% of SCB), while lignin condensation was simultaneously inhibited in this initial biorefinery stage. Subsequently, the enzymatic saccharification of the pretreatment residue was significantly enhanced due to the reduced cellulase adsorption of lignin. Lignin structural characterization demonstrated that VA could effectively incorporate to the lignin structure, resulting in the lignin exhibiting high preservation of β-O-4′ linkages (39.38/100 Ar), low molecular weight (2410 Da), abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups (3.70 mmol/g), and less degree of condensation (0.33). Importantly, the resulting less-condensed lignin (LCL) could effectively undergo melt-blending with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) owing to its low glass transition temperature, thereby facilitating the establishment of enhanced intermolecular interactions (π–π interaction and hydrogen bond) between LCL and PBAT. These interactions enhanced the plasticization of PBAT on LCL, and as a result, the prepared P/LCL30 composite film possessed excellent tensile properties without requiring lignin modification or additional additives. The study presents a straightforward and efficient biorefinery conversion strategy for lignocellulosic biomass, wherein hemicellulose was degraded into XOS, cellulose was enzymatically hydrolyzed to glucose, and the remaining lignin with lower condensation was utilized as a filler of PBAT composite film.

Promotion of lignin depolymerization and cellulose utilization via the coupling effects of DDQ pre-oxidation and HCOOH extraction

The full utilization of biomass plays an important role in the environment and energy. In this study, the coupling pretreatment of DDQ pre-oxidation and HCOOH extraction was employed to realize the separation and modification of three components of sugarcane bagasse for full utilization. Especially, the modified lignin was depolymerized to obtain aromatic monomers, and cellulose-rich residue was used to prepare lignocellulose straws. Furthermore, the coupling effects between DDQ pre-oxidation and HCOOH extraction on chemical and physical properties of modified lignin and lignocellulose straws were studied. In addition, the mechanism of lignin depolymerization and lignocellulose straw synthesis were explored as well as the mass balance of the biorefinery process. The results showed that the total yield of aromatic monomers increased by nearly 2 times and the conversion of lignin was 95.1 % after DDQ pre-oxidation. The mechanism showed that DDQ selectively oxidized Cα-OH bond of lignin to Cα = O bond, which not only avoided the formation of carbocation, but also reduced the bond dissociation energy of β-O-4 bond. Moreover, the tensile strength of hydrophobic lignocellulose straw increased by nearly 2 times and its flexural strength was 10.36 MPa. Modified lignin and modified cellulose were connected via hydrogen bonds, which enhanced the intermolecular crosslinking of molecules, thus improving the mechanical properties of lignocellulose straws. Besides, the maximum xylose relative content and concentration of xylose were 61.16 % and 17.57 g/L, respectively. This study provides a method for high-value and green utilization of sugarcane bagasse.

Sustainable utilization of sugarcane bagasse for wood-based panels: A promising approach for waste management in Egypt

One method to sustainable development is to reduce waste generation and recycle it in a way that contributes to the economic, social, and environmental goals of sustainable development. The study focuses on particle board production from Sugar Cane Bagasse (SCB). Various fiber-matrix combinations were used to create composites using SCB and epoxy resin matrix. Mechanical testing and water absorbance tests were employed to assess the effects of the epoxy content (0–25 wt%). The outcomes demonstrated that the optimal tensile strength of bio composites was attained by the 25 wt% of epoxy with SCB (18.49 Mpa). The water resistance duration property was improved in this study to reach 120 hours by mixing SCB with 25% epoxy. The results show that sugarcane bagasse-epoxy composites demonstrated acceptable mechanical and multifunctional properties. This portrays the effectiveness of Sugarcane bagasse and it a potential competitor to wood-based structural panels. The study uses the open LCA program to conduct a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of binder-less particleboard from sugarcane waste manufacturing. Additionally, the study provided an overview of the cost estimation involved in utilizing bagasse as a substitute for MDF particle boards. Furthermore, the influence of pressing temperature on the properties of the particle boards is investigated.

The full utilization of bagasse via deep eutectic solvent pretreatment for low-condensed lignin and cellulose smart indicator film

Full utilization of biomass after fractionation of its components is an effective way to maximize the value of biomass. Herein, in this study, a new acetal-mediated deep eutectic solvent (DES) was explored and its excellent performance in separating lignin from biomass as well as retarding lignin condensation has been observed. Subsequently, the separated lignin and cellulose-rich residue were used to prepare sunscreen and transparent food indicator films, respectively. The results showed that the acetal-mediated DES pretreatment can reduce the recalcitrance of bagasse, stabilize lignin (β-O-4 content of 68.6% in the lignin), and retain most of the cellulose (ie. 83.43%). Besides, the pretreatment enhanced the subsequent hydrogenolysis of lignin, and the higher β-O-4 content of the lignin contributed to the high yield of aromatic monomers (40.94%). In addition, regenerated lignin was attractive for sunscreen applications due to its lighter color and excellent UV-blocking properties. Furthermore, cellulose smart indicator film was highly sensitive, biodegradable, has excellent physical properties, and allows visual real-time monitoring of seafood spoilage using smartphones. Meanwhile, the yield of the removed hemicellulose converted to xylose in the pretreatment process reached 99.24%. In general, this work proposed a sustainable bio-refinery approach for the full upgrading of biomass.

Stepwise processing strategy for efficient and comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse via enzymatic hydrolysis and catalytic conversion to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

To achieve the goal of “no waste” in circular bioeconomy on the basis of waste-to-energy conversion, the development of efficient technology for sustainable treatment and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is significant yet challenging. In this study, a stepwise processing strategy based on enzymatic hydrolysis and catalytic conversion was proposed for comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to produce value-added products. Mechanical activation (MA) pretreatment was adopted to disrupt the recalcitrant structure of SCB for improving enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides to produce reducing sugars, obtaining a high yield (392 mg/g SCB) of target sugars (TS; i.e., cellobiose and glucose). The enzymolysis residue and Al(NO3)3·9 H2O were treated by MA and then calcinated to construct the biochar (BC)-based catalyst (denoted as MA-Al/BC) with Brønsted–Lewis dual-acidic sites, which effectively catalyzed the conversion of TS to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). A TS conversion of 94.5% and a 5-HMF yield of 77.6% were achieved at 190 °C for 4 h in the biphasic system. MA-Al/BC exhibited excellent universality for efficient catalytic conversion of various carbohydrates. This study offers a promising approach for value-added exploitation of agricultural wastes within circular bioeconomy principles.

The Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse as Turbine Drive Fuel in Steam Power Plant at PG. Kebon Agung

The use of energy by society is increasing and is not matched by the availability of raw materials. Fuel oil and coal are dwindling and even running out. Therefore, to overcome this problem the government issued Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 concerning the National Energy Policy, where the utilization of biofuels is targeted at 2% in 2010 and 5% in 2025. To overcome this, methods are carried out by using renewable fuels and processing residual production materials such as the use of bagasse waste as fuel. Electrical energy sources from PLN and power plants in Indonesia are the main sources of electricity distribution used by consumers (industry). At PG. Kebon Agung has its own 4 steam power plants to meet the electrical energy needs needed to drive production machinery. Utilization of bagasse has the potential as a renewable fuel as a substitute for coal to gain resource and cost efficiency. In this study, the authors attach a cost comparison to the use of bagasse with other fuels, a comparison of the use of electrical energy from PLTU with PLN, and waste treatment to get efficiency and benefits in terms of costs and natural resources. With this research, it is hoped that readers can save resources and increase the efficiency of using biomass fuels.

Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) as a Carbon Source in Biofloc System of Vaname Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Vaname shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) is one of the main economic commodities in aquaculture in the world. Biofloc is a cultivation technology that effectively improves the growth and health status of vaname shrimp. This research aimed to analyze the use of bagasse as a carbon source in the biofloc system for white shrimp cultivation. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The shrimp used were 18 g/individual shrimp obtained from the Bone Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic Pond. Sugarcane bagasse processed from sugar factory waste was dried in an oven at 60°C and ground using a flouring machine. The research treatments included biofloc application where sugarcane bagasse played a role as a carbon source (L), biofloc application where wheat flour's role was as a carbon source (T) and control or no biofloc application (K). <b>Results:</b> This research showed that sugarcane bagasse could be used as a carbon source for white shrimp biofloc cultivation where the growth value tended to be the same as wheat flour. Total hemolytic count (THC) and shrimp survival in sugarcane bagasse biofloc were as good as wheat flour biofloc. Sugarcane bagasse biofloc had the same ability as wheat flour biofloc in reducing ammonia levels in the rearing media. Sugarcane bagasse biofloc had the same ability as wheat flour biofloc in reducing ammonia levels in the rearing media. The application of bagasse had no effect on temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity of the rearing media because this treatment was in the optimal range for the growth of vaname shrimp. <b>Conclusion:</b> Sugarcane bagasse has the potential to be a carbon source in biofloc systems because it could improve growth, health status, survival and water quality.

Three-dimensional cross-linked sugarcane bagasse carbon material: A substitute for graphene with excellent performance in capacitive deionization and highly efficient Cu2+ removal

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a high-performance, low-energy consumption, and environmentally friendly water treatment technology with a broad application prospect in heavy metal removal. Selecting electrode materials with high capacitance and low resistance is essential for improving CDI's desalting efficiency. This article discusses the utilization of sugarcane bagasse (C-N-X) and the production procedures of CDI materials. The unique 3D cross-linked structure of C-N-X provides excellent mass transfer properties and significant advantages in capacitance and conductivity. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) show that bagasse biochar with graphene-like structure and abundant functional groups provides active sites for Cu2+ removal. In this paper, C-N-X is first used as CDI electrode material to remove Cu2+. Electrochemical tests show that the specific capacitance of C-N-X is still stable at about 47 F g−1, and the removal capacity of Cu2+ (25 mg L−1) reaches 66.79 mg g−1 within 4 h after 700 cycles. The experimental results and DFT calculations confirm the adsorption selectivity of C-N-700 for Cu2+.

Adsorption and aggregation of Cu2+ on carboxymethylated sugarcane bagasse: Adsorption behavior and mechanism

Abundant biomass resources provide us with sufficient material basis, while a large amount of bio-waste is also produced and the high-value utilization of bio-waste is still highly desirable. Herein, we reported a facile one-pot fabrication approach towards efficient utilization of sugarcane bagasse via carboxymethylation to adsorb and recycle Cu2+ ions. The modified sugarcane bagasse possessed outstanding adsorption efficiency, with a maximum capacity of 263.7 mg g−1, owing to the functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, as well as aromatic structure. It was noted that the carboxymethylated sugarcane bagasse (MSB40) swelled rapidly when suffering Cu2+ ions solution, and more adsorption sites were available since the physical diffusion barrier was removed, thereby enhancing the absorption capacity. Interestingly, Cu2+ ions could induce the aggregation of MSB40 due to the Cu2+ ions compress colloid double layer, neutralizes surface charges, which benefited the following separation process. Ultimately, copper oxide was recovered and the purity reached 97.9%. Additionally, in the presence of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, MSB40 exhibited excellent selectivity for the adsorption of Cu2+ ions. This strategy offers a facile and novel clue for the high-value utilization of bio-waste and the recovery of copper for biomaterial and environmental applications.

Toward a zero waste approach: Utilization of sugarcane bagasse for dye removal and multienzymes production.

Global production of sugarcane bagasse (SB) by sugar industries exceeds more than 100 tons per annum. SB is rich in lignin and polysaccharide and hence can serve as a low-cost energy and carbon source for the growth of industrially important microorganism. However, various other applications of SB have also been investigated. In this study, SB was used as an adsorbent to remove an azo dye, malachite green. Subsequently, the dye-adsorbed SB was fermented by Trametes pubescens MB 89 for the production of laccase enzyme. The fungal pretreated SB was further utilized as a substrate for the simultaneous production of multiple plant cell wall degrading enzymes including, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and amylase by thermophilic bacterial strains. Results showed that 0.1% SB removed 97.04% malachite green at 30°C after 30 min from a solution containing 66 ppm of the dye. Fermentation of the dye-adsorbed SB by T. pubescens MB 89 yielded 667.203 IU mL-1 laccase. Moreover, Brevibacillus borstelensis UE10 produced 38.41 and 18.6 IU mL-1 β-glucosidase and pectinase, respectively, by using fungal-pretreated SB. Cultivation of B. borstelensis UE27 in the medium containing the same substrate yielded 32.14 IU mL-1 of endoglucanase and 27.23 IU mL-1 of β-glucosidase. Likewise, Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25 could produce a mix of β-glucosidase (37.24 IU mL-1 ), xylanase (18.65 IU mL-1 ) and endoglucanase (26.65 IU mL-1 ). Hence, this study led to the development of a method through which dye-containing textile effluent can be treated by SB along with the production of industrially important enzymes.

Experimental and finite element modeling of solar concentrators in the sugarcane bagasse drying process

Reducing the environmental impact of residues generated by the Brazilian agroindustry can be achieved through the utilization of sugarcane bagasse, a biomass resource widely employed. However, this biomass's high moisture content results in low energy production efficiency. The conversion of sunlight into thermal energy using Concentrated Solar Energy (CSE) has emerged as an efficient alternative for the sugarcane bagasse drying process. In this study, we propose to experimentally evaluate and numerically simulate, employing the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the ABAQUS software, a solar concentrator receiver utilized in the drying process. The methodology employed comprises two modeling phases: an experimental phase, wherein two solar concentrators were constructed within a metallic structure, each with distinct surface areas and a panel of adjustable flat mirrors designed to focus solar radiation on a central point—the reactor. Experiments were conducted involving water, sugarcane bagasse, and reactor characterization. Subsequently, a numerical modeling phase was carried out, analyzing two scenarios: a stationary one and a transient one accounting for temperature variations over time. FEM simulations were conducted using the ABAQUS program. The results obtained from the experiments underscore the significance of radiation reaching the reactor as the primary factor in achieving the required efficiency for drying sugarcane bagasse. This finding was corroborated by the numerical simulations, which considered thermal gradients and thermal stress.

Utilization of bagasse as a soil amendment in sugarcane production on mineral soils in Florida

A 4-year study tested the feasibility of using bagasse as a soil amendment in sugarcane production on a commercial field with mineral soil in Florida. The experiment was established as a completely randomized design trial with three rates of fresh bagasse applications: approximately 5 cm of bagasse, 10 cm of bagasse, and 10 cm of bagasse + nitrogen (N), which are equivalent to 85 t ha–1, 170 t ha–1, and 170 t ha–1 + 336 kg ha–1 ammonium nitrate, respectively. A control (no bagasse and no N added) was also included. As each treatment and the control had three replicates, there were 12 plots (6.5 ha each in size) totaling over 77 ha. The high pH of the soils is a result of years of mixing underlying limestone (calcium carbonate) bedrock with the topsoil. Overall results indicate that bagasse application positively affected the accumulation of soil organic matter during a short-term period, resulting in higher water-holding capacity and lower bulk density. The high rate of bagasse application had a positive effect on N accumulation, extractable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents during the short term. One single application of bagasse significantly increased the first-year sugarcane biomass and sugar yield by approximately 23%. An overall higher application rate of bagasse (10 cm) was recommended as it showed significantly positive effects on soil health indicators and had a longer effect on increasing sugarcane biomass and sugar yield. There is potential to incorporate bagasse into commercial sugarcane production grown on mineral soils in Florida.

Low-temperature alkaline soaking coupled with circulating alkali-oxygen cooking: A novel method for whole utilization of bagasse

The addition of oxygen accelerates lignin dissolution and reduces the cooking temperature during alkali-oxygen cooking. However, hemicellulose could oxidized into furan and organic acids, leading to the increasing viscosity of black liquor and hemicellulose loss. To retain the hemicellulose and reduce the circulating black liquor viscosity, low-temperature alkaline soaking before alkali-oxygen cooking was implemented. Alkaline soaking extracted about 70 % of pentose and 62 % of lignin from the bagasse. Further mild alkali-oxygen cooking could gained the 43 % yield pulp with brightness above 50 %, and the viscosity of the circulating black liquor was lower than 0.1 Pa∙s after five time cyclic cooking. The results show that low-temperature alkaline soaking coupled with circulating alkali-oxygen cooking could effectively extracts hemicellulose from bagasse while producing clean pulp with low-viscosity circulating black liquor. This work presents a novel method for realizing total component utilization of bagasse.

Extraction and Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sugarcane Bagasse.

The present study aimed to optimize the process for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from sugarcane bagasse through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid hydrolysis and its subsequent modification with L-malic acid and silane coupling agent KH-550. The effects of the different modification methods and the order of modification on the structures and properties of bagasse CNCs were explored. The results indicated that the optimal process conditions were achieved at an acid-digestion temperature of 50 °C, a reaction time of 70 min, an ultrasonic power of 250 W, and a volume fraction of 55%. The modified CNCs were analyzed using infrared spectral, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric techniques, which revealed that L-malic acid was attached to the hydroxyl group on the CNCs via ester bond formations, and the silane coupling agent KH-550 was adsorbed effectively on the CNCs' surfaces. Moreover, it was observed that the modification of the CNCs by L-malic acid and the KH-550 silane coupling agent occurred only on the surface, and the esterification-crosslinking modification method provided the best thermal stability. The performance of self-made CNC was found to be superior to that of purchased CNC based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the modified esterified-crosslinked CNCs exhibited the best structure and performance, thereby offering a potential avenue for the high-value utilization of sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane sugar production, and the expansion of the comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse.

Potential Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse as Raw Material for Bioethanol Production

Bagasse has the potential to generate alternative energy resources such as bioethanol owing to its lignocellulose structure. This research aims for utilizing bagasse as the raw material for producing bioethanol. The process for producing bioethanol consists of delignification, hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation using biocatalyst namely Fungi Dekkera bruxellensis and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Delignification was conducted at the substrate variation of 5, 10, 15 grams and 3, 5, 7 days contact time. The hydrolysis process used H2SO4 2% with 30, 45, 60 minutes contact time. Fermentation used concentration ratio for fungi and yeast at 1:1 with 3, 5, 7 days contact time. The distillation process went through the temperature of 78-80°C to obtain ethanol. The gravimetric analysis shows the optimum removal efficiency at 10.90% using 5 gram substrates with 3 days contact time. The hydrolysis process shows the highest glucose concentration at 16.64 g/L for each contact time using 15 gram substrates and H2SO4 2%. The highest amount of ethanol was 3.1% with the ratio of substrates 1:1 and 3 days contact time. This research shows that bagasse can produce bioethanol by the utilization of Fungi Dekkera bruxellensis and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Integrated biorefinery of Mucor circinelloides biomass and sugarcane bagasse for application of high-value biopolymers

The replacement of expensive components in microbial growth media with pretreated lignocellulosic waste component to increase the product spectrum and add value to the bioproducts has been encouraged to achieve sustainable and feasible utilization of waste biomass as per the biorefinery approach. This study demonstrates an integrated biorefinery approach towards utilization of sugarcane bagasse and biomass of Mucor circinelloides ZSKP. A maximum reducing sugar recovery of 80.67 g/l was achieved after combining pretreatment with saccharification. A low temperature, glycerol, and ammonium phosphate pretreatment method was established, where glycerol pretreatment conditions were reduced from 250 to 150 °C and from 120 to 45 min. The ammonium phosphate-containing hydrolysate yielded 12.89 g/l of fungal biomass after fermentation to add to 20.8 g lignin from the delignification step. The biomass production was further improved to 17.69 g/l after supplementation with corn steep solids and mineral salts. The fermentation process also yielded 2.36 g/l chitosan and 4.9 g/l of lipids after extraction from the oleaginous fungus. The lignin infused glycerol plasticized chitosan biocomposite plastic had a 100% improvement in thermogravimetric properties with almost 50% more energy needed to increase the temperature of the material when compared to glycerol only plasticized biocomposite. The fungal chitosan showed antimicrobial properties and was effective as a preservative spray for fresh tomatoes and apples extending their shelf life to at least 14 and 18 days, respectively. This study therefore demonstrated that a novel two-step pretreatment process could be environmentally beneficial and yielded multiple products for biotechnological applications.