Utility Power Generation Research Articles

Thermal and cyclic performance of aluminum alloy composite phase change microcapsules for high-temperature thermal energy storage

Al alloys are suitable for high-temperature applications such as solar thermal power generation and industrial heat utilization. However, addressing the challenges of high-temperature corrosion and material failure in Al alloys is of paramount importance. In practical industrial applications, there is a need to develop encapsulation techniques applicable to a wider range of Al alloy types and phase change temperature ranges, exploring the universality of the technology and the diversity of application scenarios. In this study, a dual encapsulation was conducted on binary and ternary Al alloys (including Al-Ni, Al-Mg, Al-Si-Mg, and Al-Mg-Zn). Aiming at thermal energy storage, four composite phase change microcapsules (CPCM) were successfully prepared and subjected to material characterization, thermal performance analysis, and thermal cyclic tests in air environments. After 2000 thermal cycles, no cracks were observed on the surface of the four CPCMs, and the microstructure remained intact. The components of the CPCMs maintained good chemical compatibility. Among the four types of CPCMs, the Al-Si-Mg CPCMs exhibited the best thermal cyclic stability, with a latent heat reduction rate of 19.5 % after 2000 cycles. The experimental results indicated that the dual encapsulation strategy was effective for various types of Al alloy PCMs, thereby expanding the application of Al alloys in high-temperature thermal storage. Furthermore, Al alloys with more regular morphology and lower active metal content exhibited better thermal performance and cyclic capability, making them more suitable candidates for high-temperature thermal storage applications.

Limitations and Opportunities of Self-Supported Co-Based Anodes for Pure Water-Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Hydrogen has been regarded as an energy source with a potential to be used in various sectors, including transportation, power generation and industrial processes1-3. Producing hydrogen via water electrolysis using green electricity will be necessary for a sustainable future. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is one of mature and leading electrolysis technologies, while anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is regarded as a new, emerging technology4. However, PEMWE system suffers from their expensive cost and scarcity of iridium-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, having no alternative OER catalysts. Compared to PEMWE, AEMWE can be pursued with non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) thanks to its alkaline environment4,5.Here, non-PGM Co-based catalyst coated anodes were prepared using a simple hydrothermal reaction followed by heat treatment. Different phases and crystallinity of cobalt-based anodes were prepared and tested in pure water-fed AEMWE devices. To investigate the catalyst-ionomer/membrane interfaces at the anodes, the loadings of Co3O4 catalyst and ionomer topcoats were controlled. The cell performance in polarization curves was correlated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The comparison of anodes operated with pure water feed and with supporting electrolyte was made to highlight the importance of catalyst-ionomer interface in pure water-fed AEMWE. Lastly, our self-supported Co3O4 anode outperformed a commercial Co3O4 NP ink-based anode, projecting a potential of direct growth of catalyst materials on PTLs in pure water-fed AEMWE.Reference(1) Agyekum, E. B.; Nutakor, C.; Agwa, A. M.; Kamel, S. A Critical Review of Renewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up and Its Role in Future Energy Generation. Membranes 2022, 12 (2).(2) Qusay, H.; Sameer, A.; Aws Zuhair, S.; Hayder, M. S.; Marek, J. Green hydrogen: A pathway to a sustainable energy future. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2024, 50, 310-333.(3) Joonsik, H.; Krisha, M.; HeeJin, C. A review of hydrogen utilization in power generation and transportation sectors: Achievements and future challenges. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2023, 48 (74), 28629-28648.(4) Lee, S. A.; Kim, J.; Kwon, K. C.; Park, S. H.; Jang, H. W. Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis for sustainable large-scale hydrogen production. Carbon Neutralization 2022, 1 (1), 26-48.(5) Juchan, Y.; Myeong Je, J.; Xiaojun, Z.; Yoo Sei, P.; Jooyoung, L.; Sung Mook, C.; Yadong, Y. Non-precious electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis: A mini review. Electrochem. Commun. 2021, 131, 107118.

Design and analysis of a concentrated solar power-based system with hydrogen production for a resilient community

This paper investigates how to improve the utilization of solar energy in concentrated solar power plants for multi-tasked operation, including hydrogen production. In this regard, an integrated energy system with multiple power generation stages is developed to utilize heat from concentrated solar collector with molten salt thermal energy storage system. The two-stage steam Rankine cycle and organic Rankine cycle are used as power generation cycles in order to utilize heat from the molten salt at different temperature levels, which improves source utilization for power generation. Continuous energy supply is considered a crucial challenge for renewables, which can be achieved by diversifying the source or adding energy storage. The current study uses two different energy storage methods to ensure the continuous energy supply to achieve self-sufficiency as well for the community. Hydrogen energy subsystem is the second energy storage within the integrated system, which is the secondary energy storage that is used if heat is not sufficient to drive the power generation cycles. In order to make decisions for a better source utilization, ensure continuous power supply, and facilitate the operations of the components and energy storage subsystems according to the loads and source availability, an operational decision-making strategy is developed and applied within the spreadsheet model. In order to test the proposed system and the developed algorithm, a time-dependent analysis is carried out where hourly community load and hourly source data are employed. The analyses are carried out using the first and second laws of thermodynamics, primarily through energy and exergy aspects. The power cycle can generate power from heat within the temperature range of 160°C and 500°C, in between 6.12% and 37.2% of heat to power energy conversion efficiency. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system are found to be 31.29% and19.71% by considering the average meteorological data.

Clean energy technologies and energy systems for industry and power generation: Current state, recent progress and way forward

This vision article accompanies a Special Issue of Applied Thermal Engineering dedicated to the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conference series held during 2022, including the 5th SEE SDEWES Conference Vlore, 3rd LA SDEWES Conference Sao Paulo, and 17th SDEWES Conference Paphos. The article discusses a selection of papers presented at these conferences and selected for publication in Applied Thermal Engineering, all connected by a focus on clean energy technologies and systems for the advancement of sustainable thermal energy systems. This research area covers a wide range of technologies but is primarily focused on the power generation sector, energy storage and utilization, efficiency improvements, sustainable technical solutions, and the facilitation of the robust integration of renewable energy resources into wider energy systems. Additional work on previously established research topics is also present, but new directions have crystallized, especially research into thermal management for power devices and microelectronics. Based on the recent contributions to the research field presented in the included papers, this vision article discusses the development and application of cutting-edge technological solutions and identifies the challenges that require focused attention. Current shortcomings of developing and established technologies will be developed by the underlying fundamental research, reduction of prohibitively high costs, expansion of operating conditions, and the inclusion of advanced control approaches, sophisticated combinations of renewable energy sources, and modeling tools for system investigations. Scientists, researchers, and engineers can benefit from the summary of the topics at the forefront of the research field and find guidelines and ways forward for future research activities.

Investigation of Slagging-Fouling and Mineral Contents in Low-Rank Coals for Improved Combustion Performance

ABSTRACT Despite the problems associated with low-rank coal, this type of coal is still widely used in various applications including the power generation sector. In this study, three low-rank coals (LRC) with high mineral content of SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO were selected and comprehensively investigated. Investigations include ash fusion temperature (AFT), theoretical calculation, combustion experiment with drop tube furnace (DTF), and ash analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The investigation revealed that T-Coal with high SiO2 and P-Coal with high Al2O3 mineral produce ash deposition which did not adhere on the probe surface of either slagging or fouling area. T-Coal ash consists of fine and solid particles, but the presence of the dominant albite mineral, 29.09% in slagging probe and 28.71% in fouling probe, may have a negative impact on ash deposition. P-Coal ash is dominated by fine particles with a predominance of quartz and other high-melting minerals. A-Coal with high MgO mineral has good results in slagging aspects. However, the high Fe2O3 on A-Coal results in low ash fusion and produces more hematite mineral (17.70%) in the fouling probe. This study shows that several types of LRC have good evaluation on ash-related problems which potentially can be used as coal blending for further utilization in power generation.

Research on the cost allocation method of deep sea wind power considering carbon trading and green certificate trading

Climate change imposes tighter limits on carbon emissions, which require the development of more green electricity. Deep sea wind power has the advantages of high wind energy density, high power generation utilization hours, no land occupation, and near to power load centers for easy on-site consumption, which lead to a broad market prospect. In the foreseeable future, deep sea wind power will usher in large-scale construction and development. The initial investment and construction cost of deep sea wind power is high, subsidies are gradually decreasing, and there is a lack of full life cycle economic analysis combined with various market policies, resulting in a lack of guidance for its investment and construction. In order to promote the development of deep sea wind power, relevant cost recovery mechanisms must be found. This paper proposes a system cost allocation method based on the comparative difference method and load similarity with consideration of the transformation and operation costs of thermal power, demand-side response, and energy storage; a cost allocation method based on carbon trading and green certificate trading income is proposed; and a time sequence optimization operation simulation model is established to maximize the deep sea wind power income. A case study is proposed for a 300 MW deep sea wind farm, the results show that the cost allocation method and cost allocation model proposed in this paper have a significant effect on wind power cost recovery, and the effectiveness of the proposed method and model is verified.

Design and Fabrication of Wind Turbine Utilization for Water Pumping and Power Generation

bstract: Windmills have been a symbol of sustainable energy for centuries, and their relevance continues to grow in the modern era. This abstract explores the dual functionality of windmills for both pumping and power generation. Windmills have evolved from their traditional agricultural use to become versatile renewable energy sources, capable of harnessing wind energy for various applications. For pumping, windmills are employed to lift water from wells or reservoirs, providing a reliable source of water for irrigation and domestic use, especially in remote or off-grid areas. Their mechanical design, often featuring rotating blades, efficiently converts wind energy into rotational motion, driving a pump mechanism. In the realm of power generation, windmills are pivotal in the transition to cleaner energy sources. Modern wind turbines are designed with advanced aerodynamics and materials, enabling them to capture substantial kinetic energy from the wind. This energy is then transformed into electrical power through generators. Wind farms, comprised of multiple turbines, contribute significantly to electricity grids, reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This abstract underscores the dual role of windmills as sustainable solutions for pumping and power generation, emphasizing their versatility and contribution to a greener future.

Performance evaluation of a novel system for improving power generation and clean utilization of high-risk medical waste in a cement plant integrating with plasma gasification, gas turbine and ORC

The energy of medical waste can be cleanly utilized by plasma gasification technology, and the large amount of electricity required can be provided cheaply by cement plants. To improve the cement plant energy utilization efficiency, the waste heat of high-temperature syngas and flue gases is a suitable and cheap heat source to improve the steam parameters. The two systems have complementary advantages and have the potential to operate collaboratively. A new system is proposed and verified by thermodynamic, economic and sensitivity analyses. The key parameters, such as gasification agents, mass flow rate, steam temperature and pressure, organic working fluids and operating parameters, are optimized. O2 as the gasification agent can reduce the plasma gasification electricity consumption. The cement plant power generation efficiency can be increased by 3.75%, and its power generation exergy efficiency can reach 65.43%. Medical waste is cleanly utilized, and its power generation efficiency reaches 47.10%. The total net power generation is increased from 8.84MW to 14.12MW. The system can increase revenue by 12,539.84 k$ per year, and the increased investment is recovered in 1.14 years. This study provides a promising solution for the clean co-processing of medical waste and effectively reduces energy waste in the cement production process.

Photothermal catalytic hydrogen production coupled with thermoelectric waste heat utilization and thermal energy storage for continuous power generation

Photothermal catalytic water splitting is a potential way to produce renewable hydrogen. However, low-grade heat converted from solar energy in the photochemical process is inevitably dissipated to the environment and often wasted. Besides, the intermittency of solar energy causes the devices unable to work continuously. Here, a novel integrated solar to hydrogen-electricity and thermal storage system (STHET) is proposed to solve above problems. STHET consists of a photothermal catalytic system and a thermoelectric generator (TEG) system, which can realize hydrogen-electricity co-production and thermal self-storage. Photothermal effect in STHET is increased by recycling scattered light, leading to an enhancement of 22.7% in hydrogen production than the traditional system without TEG. Meanwhile, the maximum power of waste heat utilization by TEG is 193.53 μW. Furthermore, since strengthened heat exchange in STHET with forced cooling, the output power of TEG can improve to 1578.13 μW, and hydrogen production is reduced by only 1.4% than the traditional system without TEG. Additionally, STHET can continuously generate power using stored thermal by the liquid reaction system to achieve continuous working in the dark, in which 19% (maximum proportion) of the electrical energy output can be obtained at night. The heat exchange methods in STHET can be flexibly selected according to the requirement for hydrogen energy and electric power. As a conceptual model, STHET can also be promoted in other solid-liquid reaction systems.

How does the carbon trading scheme promote the decarbonization of China’s power sector?

Evaluating the effect of the carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) on the decarbonization of the power sector is a basic task in the construction of China’s ETS. We use the energy flow relationship between the power and heat sectors to develop a more accurate accounting framework for CO2 emissions in the power sector and employ the difference-in-differences method to evaluate the impact of China’s ETS on CO2 emissions in the power sector and its dynamic effect. On this basis, we explore the mechanisms by which the ETS facilitates the decarbonization of the power sector, as well as its heterogeneous impacts. We find that the ETS has significantly promoted the decarbonization of the power sector, reducing its CO2 emissions in the pilot provinces by approximately 24.53 Mt compared to the non-pilot provinces. The decarbonization effect of the ETS was continuous and strengthened. In addition, the ETS promotes decarbonization of the power sector through technological advances in power generation and electricity utilization. Finally, the ETS’s decarbonization effect on the power sector is influenced by the heterogeneity of regions, carbon prices and quota allocation methods. Our findings have beneficial implications for the construction of carbon markets in the context of carbon neutralisation and carbon peaking.

Performance mapping of silicon-based solar cell for efficient power generation and thermal utilization: Effect of cell encapsulation, temperature coefficient, and reference efficiency

Characteristic Performance Maps (CPMAPs) are developed for silicon-based solar cells, based on a massive parametric study implemented by a validated thermal-fluid model. These CPMAPs reveal the variation of thermal-, energy-, and exergy-related performance indicators. The studied solar cell integrated with a generic heat sink satisfies the temperature demand within safe solar concentration range. The developed sets of CPMAPs investigate the effect of cell encapsulation, temperature coefficient, and reference efficiency. Findings indicate that reducing the thermal resistance of the intermediate layers between the silicon layer and the heat sink significantly elevates the maximum allowable concentration ratio. Besides, decreasing the thermal resistance of the intermediate layers enhanced the overall exergy efficiency. Furthermore, solar cells with lower temperature coefficients exhibit a minimal impact on expanding the safe range of solar concentration. However, the CPMAPs indicate that such cells are recommended for concentrator photovoltaic systems due to their ability to mitigate the inevitable decrease in electrical efficiency associated with high temperatures under high solar concentration. The use of high-reference efficiency cells slightly expands the safe range of solar concentration and leads to higher electrical exergy efficiency, albeit at the expense of reduced thermal exergy efficiency. Low-reference efficiency cells exhibit a higher potential for combined heat and power applications due to increasing the overall exergy efficiency. In contrary, high-reference efficiency cells are found to be more suitable for power generation applications. The proposed CPMAPs have significant implications, providing a novel roadmap for future research in the quantitative selection and design of photovoltaic systems.

Impacts of energy-saving and emission-reduction on sustainability of cement production

How energy saving and emission reduction measures influence the interrelationship between carbon emissions and environmental sustainability of cement industry is not very clear, and this could lead to trade-off. This study investigates effects of three representative energy saving and emission reduction measures (steam Rankine cycle power generation (SRC), organic Rankine cycle power generation (ORC) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU)) on environmental performance of cement production using an improved emergy analysis and carbon emissions amounting. The proposed approach can investigate resource efficiency and emissions' impact as well as carbon footprint of a system in study simultaneously. A cement enterprise, in Jilin Province in China, as a case, is explored using the proposed combined approach based on scenario analysis. The results illustrate that combination of SRC + ORC can promote environmental sustainability of cement production and carbon emission reduction by 4.61 % and 4.28 % respectively, mainly derived from SRC application (by 4.06 % and 3.81 %), (2) CCU can promote carbon emission reduction by 3.97 % but weaken the environmental sustainability by 2.10 % due to enhancing share of purchased nonrenewable electricity, and (3) combination of SRC + ORC + CCU can promote the environmental sustainability (by 2.43 %) and carbon emission reduction by 8.25 %. In addition, due to strong dependence on nonrenewable resources, combination of SRC + ORC + CCU is still limited in improvement of environmental performance of the industry. In the future, China's cement industry should further enhance environmental performance of CCU and efficiency of ORC, as well as improve the resource structure of this industry.

Energy, exergy, environmental, and economic analyses and multiobjective optimization of a DSORC system for waste heat utilization in low-concentration gas power generation

This paper proposes a dual-loop ORC system with working fluid shunting (DSORC) for waste heat recovery from low-concentration gas power generation. Thermodynamic models based on pinch points position changes, environmental models based on life cycle assessment, and economic models are established to analyze energy, exergy, environmental, and economic performances of the DSORC system. Multiobjective optimization is performed by GA to reveal the best performance. The results show that the thermodynamic performance of the DSORC system is better than that of the DORC system, and the exergy destruction is smaller in the evaporative condenser, low-temperature evaporator, and low-temperature preheater of the DSORC system. The proportions of ADP and GWP are large in the weighted environmental potential of the DSORC system. The weighted environmental potential generated by the operating process is more than 97 %, but the steel consumption per unit of power generation is the most sensitive to the environmental impact. The optimal P6 is close to the maximum P6 that can be achieved for each working fluid, the optimal P2 ranges from 9.92 MPa to 10.99 MPa, and the optimal P3 ranges from 0.22 MPa to 0.23 MPa.

Study on structure design and control of concentrating germanium solar power system

In the solar energy application system, in order to improve the efficiency of solar cells and the utilization of light energy, the paper studies the solar tracking system with concentrating device and using germanium solar cells. This paper compares the differences between germanium cells and silicon cells in terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency and output characteristics, and demonstrates the superiority of germanium solar cells. Several common types of concen-trating devices such as Fresnel lenses, trough concentrators, tower concentrators and disc con-centrators were listed, and the disc concentrator was finally selected considering the concen-trating performance and cost. The paper also analyzes the solar operation law and the charac-teristics of various tracking devices, and on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the ad-vantages and disadvantages of various tracking devices, a hybrid tracking scheme is proposed. After completing the design of the system structure, the efficiency and cost of the traditional fixed solar system and the concentrated germanium solar power generation sunny system are compared and analyzed by SIMULINK modeling, and the results show that the solar energy utilization rate and power generation efficiency of the system designed in this paper are greatly improved, which verifies the effectiveness and economy of the system. The concentrating germanium solar power generation system not only adopts germanium cells with better photo-electric characteristics, but also adds a concentrating device and a sun tracking device, which greatly improves the efficiency of solar power generation. And the volume of the device is not large, which can realize the promotion of small home solar energy systems.

Power Generation Policies, Governance Mechanism and Utilization of Indigenous Resources: A Case of Pakistan

Energy has been playing a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country. Pakistan’s energy security holds paramount importance as it is essential for enhancing socio-economic development. Pakistan is currently facing a rising electricity demand and contending with a substantial deficit in natural gas supply. Most of the power generation plants in Pakistan are thermal and generate electricity from oil and gas. Pakistan is not an oil-producing country and natural gas reserves will be died out after 12 years. Under the Power Generation Policy 2015, most of the plants generate electricity from imported coal instead of utilization of national indigenous reserves i.e. local coal. Under the PGP 2015, all the power plants operated under the PPP model known as (BOO). Over the last three decades Government of Pakistan has announced seven energy policies to attract the foreign investors in the power generation sector that have led to acute governance, admirative and implementation problems in the energy sector. This study explores the intricate relationship between energy security, energy crises, demand and supply, and renewable potential in Pakistan. Using qualitative analysis, it addresses the ongoing energy crises and proposes the development of national indigenous resources, presenting a policy framework to achieve power generation goals. The energy status in Pakistan, including supply and demand aspects, is discussed, along with major challenges such as electricity theft and circular debt annually. By considering various approaches, the study identifies key challenges for policy development and implications to create a comprehensive policy framework, incorporating domestic energy resources, policy actors, criteria, and tools. This study highlights Pakistan’s significant non-renewable energy potential, advocating for tapping into domestic resources, optimizing energy planning, and policy development to ensure a secure and sustainable energy future for the nation, promoting prosperity and progress.

Photovoltaic power prediction method for zero energy consumption buildings based on multi-feature fuzzy clustering and MAOA-ESN

Due to their high efficiency and compatibility with building integration, photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems are frequently utilized in zero energy buildings. However, in zero energy buildings with a high proportion of PV systems, the instability of the PV power generation has resulted in various issues, including a significant influence on the primary grid and inadequate photovoltaic power generation utilization. Accurately predicting PV power is crucial for buildings to utilize solar energy and achieve zero energy consumption fully. Consequently, this paper proposed a novel hybrid short-term PV power prediction method based on an echo state network, fuzzy clustering, similar day, and an intelligent optimization algorithm to improve the accuracy of PV power prediction for zero energy buildings. First, the dataset is partitioned using an improved fuzzy C-mean clustering method (FCM), effectively reducing the effect of PV diversity on the model. Subsequently, an improved similarity day algorithm is employed to select the training data of Echo State Networks (ESN) to minimize the effect of randomness. The improved similarly day algorithm reduces the effect of randomness by retaining valuable samples. Moreover, the echo state network (ESN) parameters are sought using a multi-strategy collaborative improved Archimedean optimization algorithm (MAOA) to avoid poor prediction due to improper parameter settings. Finally, the model is evaluated using historical Australian PV data. The results show that the method effectively reduces the impacts of stochasticity and nonlinearity in the PV power generation process of zero-energy buildings and increases the accuracy of zero-energy building PV power prediction.

Overview of the physics challenges in design of new energy systems

Today's energy systems have diverse objectives catering to enhanced safety, ease of operation and better fuel utilization both for power generation and several other applications of nuclear reactions. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has been engaged in the design of new energy systems such as Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR), Indian Pressurised Water Reactor (IPWR), Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) and High Temperature Reactors (HTRs). The design optimisation of these reactors has varied challenges as they involve new fuel, newer materials, complex geometries, and inherent safety. AHWR, MSR and HTRs based on thorium fuel cycle while IPWR is optimized for longer cycle length with enriched uranium. HTRs are being developed as nuclear power packs for remote areas and they have interesting physics features of long-life cores and hence more challenging to be modelled.New designs use new materials and therefore require updated thermophysical and neutronic properties. Neutron-nuclear interaction cross sections are required in uncharted regimes. Modelling of physical phenomena in an MSR or HTR is very different than in water-cooled reactors.The neutronic tools also are required to be made state-of-the-art in order to model these multi physics phenomena. An exercise was taken up for a coupled neutronic-thermal hydraulic simulations for the natural circulation based boiling water cooled AHWR. Several new algorithms were also developed for fuel management of advanced thermal reactors. Monte Carlo methods and improved deterministic methods have been continuously developed. This paper brings out the challenges in design of these advanced reactors and the need for new experiments and irradiations of new fuel in research reactors.

Investigating the performance of a water-based PVT system using encapsulated PCM balls: An experimental study

The concept of integrating cooling systems with photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors is not new, although it has yet to be widely commercialized. Such systems have the potential to reduce building energy consumption since they can provide combined power and heat generation. Thus, the current work proposes an innovative water-based PVT system coupled with phase change material (PCM) capsules (PVT-PCM panel) and operating in both active and passive cooling modes to maximize the performance of photovoltaic panels in terms of power generation and thermal utilization. Unlike prior PVT systems, the current one achieves a higher electricity generation and heat storage capacity with a lower frictional power to meet the requirements for practical applications. Several sets of experiments were conducted in Cairo, Egypt, under real outdoor climatic conditions, to assess the overall performance of the PVT-PCM panel under various operating scenarios, with the results compared to those of a naturally air-cooled reference PV panel. According to the results, at 3 L/min cooling water flow rate, the actively cooled PVT-PCM panel achieved the highest electrical and thermal energy gain, translating to a maximum cumulative overall efficiency of 74.1%, compared to 34.6% and 12% for the passively cooled PVT-PCM panel and the reference PV panel, respectively.

A CMPA based cost-effective photovoltaic power generation system and utilization

A CMPA based cost-effective photovoltaic power generation system and utilization

The prospects of clean hydrogen utilization in power generation industry

<abstract> <p>Due to the commitment of carbon neutrality by 2050, all possible measures to be adopted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of power generation from clean hydrogen is towards achieving carbon-neutral ambitions and to hit the net zero target by 2050. Power generation from clean hydrogen is one of the solutions to substitute or minimize the use of natural gas and ensure energy security of the nation. This study mainly focuses on the quantitative and qualitative measures of potential renewable resources to produce the required hydrogen for power generation from combined cycle power plants, hydrogen storage, and material compatibility with hydrogen. PVsyst software is utilized to assess the potential of power generation from solar PV plants. Techno-economics assessments of co-generation (hydrogen 20% vol. + natural gas 80% vol.) with clean hydrogen produced from PEM electrolyzers are analyzed in this study. The novelty or highlight of this study is that it is feasible technically and economically to implement clean hydrogen utilization in power generation sectors to reduce green-house gas emission.</p> </abstract>