Practical Utility Research Articles

Synchrotron-Based Characterizations of Electrocatalytic Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Framework-Based Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Stabilizing Anode of Rechargeable Batteries

Considering energy-related technologies including rechargeable batteries and water electrolysis, effective catalytic materials play a crucial role in the rise and unceasing development. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn attention due to their abundant and identical catalytic sites along the periodic network with tunable catalytic functionality and stability. Herein, structural information, catalytic sites, and their corresponding mechanistic pathways have been investigated by employing synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The framework stability, the accessible active sites related to pre-designed metal clusters, the alteration of oxidation state of, and the coordination geometry around the active metal centers evolving along the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are thoroughly revealed. In addition, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising energy storage systems due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. However, there are some limitations restricting their practical utilizations such as the high activity of water leading to Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution, along with the formation of dendrites on the Zn surface during repeated charge–discharge cycles. To limit parasitic side reactions, an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) protective layer made of a covalent organic framework (COFs) is an effective strategy. Herein, grazing-incidence XAS was employed to specifically characterize the Zn speciation on the electrode surface. According to XAS results, the protective COF-ASEI layer can retard the coordination of water at the electrolyte–Zn interface, improve Zn plating/stripping kinetics, and increase the stability of the Zn anode. This presentation highlights the significance of synchrotron characterizations in energy-related technologies.

Improving pneumonia diagnosis with high-accuracy CNN-Based chest X-ray image classification and integrated gradient

Pneumonia remains a significant global health challenge, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in vulnerable populations. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective treatment, yet manual interpretation of chest X-rays can be time-consuming and prone to errors due to inter-observer variability. To address these challenges, this research focuses on automating pneumonia diagnosis by leveraging deep learning techniques. X-ray imaging, being a key diagnostic tool, is at the center of this study, where we aim to improve diagnostic accuracy using a carefully designed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. Our model, trained on a curated dataset of 5,856 chest X-ray images, integrates the ’inception_v3′ layer for feature extraction with dense layers to build a high-performing binary classification tool. To further enhance model transparency and clinical utility, we incorporate Integrated Gradients (IG) for interpreting the model’s decision-making process. With 22.9 million trainable parameters, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 97.23%. The integration of IG provides additional insights by identifying critical image regions that influence predictions, boosting user confidence in the system’s diagnostic recommendations. This research advances medical image analysis by presenting a reliable, interpretable CNN model for pneumonia detection, offering promising utility for clinical practice.

Existence of optimal strategies in bimatrix game and applications

This paper delves into interval-valued bimatrix games, where precise payoffs remain elusive, but lower and upper bounds on payoffs can be determined. The study explores several key questions in this context. Firstly, it addresses the issue of the existence of a universally applicable equilibrium across all instances of interval values. The paper establishes a fundamental equivalence by demonstrating that this property hinges on the solvability of a specific system of interval linear inequalities. Secondly, the research endeavors to characterize the comprehensive set of weak and strong equilibrium using a system of interval linear inequalities. The findings in this paper shed light on the complexities and intricacies of interval-valued bimatrix games, offering valuable insights into their equilibrium properties and computational aspects. Through illustrative examples, we underscore the practical utility of these approaches and compare them with previously developed state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating their ability to generate conservative solutions in the face of interval uncertainty. The findings of this research not only offer valuable insights into the equilibrium properties and computational aspects of interval-valued bimatrix games but extend their practical implications. In particular, the paper delves into real-life applications, exemplifying the significance of these findings for crude oil trading decision-making.

Medical staff planning for field hospital deployments: the START hospital

Purpose The deployment of a field hospital can play an important role in the response to an emergency. This paper is concerned with the management of emergency staff to a field hospital from a roster of volunteers with different characteristics. This paper aims to propose a mathematical optimisation model that selects the necessary profiles of the roster according to several criteria and provides travel planning taking into account the total cost of the operation. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a multi-criteria optimisation model to take into account the preferences of the three main stakeholders involved in the deployment of the field hospital: the cooperation organisation, the staff and the end users. The model considers the possibility of using commercial or chartered flights, allows staff to indicate their preferred availability, considers the grading of volunteers according to their skills and training and provides a final flight schedule for all the medical personnel needed to operate the field hospital. Compromise programming is used to provide a Pareto optimal solution, which is compared with solutions provided by Goal programming. Findings The model has been validated using data from the operation in a case study of the deployment of the Spanish START hospital in Turkey 2023, demonstrating the practical utility of the model in similar operations. Originality/value The study innovates by considering a multi-criteria model that takes into account the main actors involved in the response – cooperation organisation, staff and end users – in an integrated way and proposes new measures of efficiency.

Quantitatively Elucidating the Trade-Off between Zwitterionic Antifouling Surfaces and Bioconjugation Performance.

Zwitterionic materials, known for their high hydrophilicity, are widely used to minimize the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules in complex biological solutions. However, these materials can also reduce the capture efficiency between targets and peptide probes. To demonstrate how antifouling surfaces affect capture efficiency, we utilize a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based surface incorporating varying ratios of phosphorylcholine (PEDOT-PC) and maleimide functional groups to achieve both antifouling properties and peptide-protein binding. As a model system, the peptide YWDKIKDFIGGSSSSC, attached via maleimide groups, is used to capture the target protein, calmodulin (CaM). By systematically monitoring protein binding on both antifouling and peptide-immobilized PEDOT surfaces using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, the results reveal that PEDOT-PC reduces both the specific binding between peptides and target proteins as well as the rate of protein fouling on the electrode surface. From these findings, we propose an equation for quantitative analysis. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry are performed to measure the changes in the impedance in CaM solutions. The data indicate that impedance increases with protein adsorption, confirming the practical utility of the designed electrode surface.

Unveiling Regional Socio-economic Dynamics in the EB IB Southern Levant: The Case of the Gutter-Rim Bowls

Ceramic assemblages from Early Bronze IB sites in northern Israel are characterised by locally produced types of vessels. This contribution examines a specific bowl type referred to as the ‘Gutter-Rim Bowl’ (GRB), found in significant quantities in EB IB sites situated across the northern Coastal Plain, the Jezreel Valley and the central Jordan Valley. To understand the regional significance of GRBs, we have conducted a thorough analysis of their distribution and provenance by integrating existing and newly compiled databases. Petrographic results reveal a diverse range of raw materials used in the manufacturing of GRBs across most sites. Our findings suggest that the distribution pattern of GRBs is not solely dictated by practical utility, but is influenced by inter-regional relations among peer polities possibly engaged in competitive interactions. GRBs emerge as distinctive markers of local traditions tied to specific cultural and political entities, accounting for their prevalence in their respective territories. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the cultural and socio-political dynamics shaping EB IB ceramic traditions in northern Israel.

Investigation of Polymorphisms Induced by the Solo Long Terminal Repeats (Solo-LTRs) in Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs).

Homologous recombination events take place between the 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs) of ERVs, resulting in the generation of solo-LTR, which can cause solo-LTR-associated polymorphism across different genomes. In the current study, specific criteria were established for the filtration of solo-LTRs, resulting in an average of 5630 solo-LTRs being identified in 21 genomes. Subsequently, a protocol was developed for detecting solo-LTR polymorphisms in the pig genomes, resulting in the discovery of 927 predicted solo-LTR polymorphic sites. Following verification and filtration processes, 603 highly reliable solo-LTR polymorphic sites were retained, involving 446 solo-LTR presence sites (solo-LTR+) and 157 solo-LTR absence sites (solo-LTR-) relative to the reference genome. Intersection analysis with gene/functional regions revealed that 248 solo-LTR- sites and 23 solo-LTR+ sites overlapped with genes or were in the vicinity of genes or functional regions, impacting a diverse range of gene structures. Moreover, through the utilization of 156 solo-LTR polymorphic sites for population genetic analysis, it was observed that these solo-LTR loci effectively clustered various breeds together, aligning with expectations and underscoring their practical utility. This study successfully established a methodology for detecting solo-LTR polymorphic sites. By applying these methods, a total of 603 high-reliability solo-LTR polymorphic sites were pinpointed, with nearly half of them being linked to genes or functional regions.

Evaluation of post-extraction healing after atraumatic extraction in gutka chewers and non-gutka chewers using the modified inflammation proliferation remodeling scale

BackgroundGutka, a smokeless tobacco mixture containing tobacco and areca nut, is widely consumed in South Asia and impairs wound healing due to vasoconstrictive and cytotoxic effects. Wound healing assessment in oral surgery lacks standardisation, and phase-specific evaluation tools are seldom used. This study aimed to compare post-extraction healing after atraumatic tooth extraction in gutka chewers and non-chewers using the modified Inflammation Proliferation Remodeling (IPR) scale to validate this scale for clinical use.MethodsA prospective cohort study at a dental college in Karachi, Pakistan, included 200 participants aged 18–45 undergoing atraumatic extraction of premolars or molars, divided into gutka chewers (n = 100) and non-chewers (n = 100). The modified IPR scale was developed and validated using content validity assessment by experts, pilot testing, inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Wound healing was assessed using the validated modified IPR scale immediately post-extraction (Day 0), at the proliferative phase (Day 7), and the remodelling phase (6 weeks). Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, multivariate linear regression, and Spearman’s correlation.ResultsThe modified IPR scale demonstrated good content validity, substantial inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa 0.80–0.86), and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.84). No significant difference in IPR scores was observed between groups during the inflammatory phase (Day 0). Gutka chewers had significantly higher IPR scores during the proliferative phase (mean 5.9 ± 1.6 versus 4.2 ± 1.2; p < 0.001) and the remodelling phase (mean 3.6 ± 1.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9; p < 0.001), indicating delayed healing. Gutka use was a significant predictor of delayed healing (B = 1.2, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age and gender. Duration of gutka use positively correlated with higher IPR scores during the proliferative (rho = 0.46, p < 0.001) and remodelling phases (rho = 0.51, p < 0.001), reflecting a dose-dependent effect. The questionnaire was effectively validated with an 80% response rate and a 90.9% completion rate.ConclusionsGutka chewing is significantly associated with delayed post-extraction wound healing, with longer duration correlating with poorer outcomes. The modified IPR scale was effectively validated and proved to be a reliable tool for assessing wound healing progression, demonstrating its utility in clinical practice and research settings. Dental professionals should consider gutka use when planning patient care, and public health initiatives should aim to eliminate gutka consumption to improve oral health outcomes.

Improved Seed Storage Technique in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. G7 in Coastal Environment

Background: Non-availability of good quality seeds at the right time is a major problem faced by groundnut growers. Groundnut seeds lose their viability quickly due to several biotic and abiotic factors during storage. Seed moisture content, storage temperature and relative humidity are three major factors affecting seed storability in coastal environments. Generally, groundnut seeds are stored as pods in gunny bags. Those seeds lose their viability rapidly due to the moisture-pervious nature of the container. Vacuum storage techniques may help in protecting the seed quality from the external environment in coastal areas. Methods: With this background, the experiment was conducted with two major objectives, to prolong the seed storability of groundnut and to reduce storage volume by using the kernel storage method in the place of pod storage. Each 20 kilograms of freshly harvested pods and 10 kilograms of kernels of Groundnut cv. G7 were treated with double spectrum fungicide (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5%) and stored in three different containers viz., Gunny bag, High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) bag and Super grain bag comprising a total of 12 treatments and those were tested at bimonthly intervals to assess the quality. Result: The results shown that all the seed quality traits were differed significantly with duration of storage, storage container, method of storage and seed treatment. Irrespective of containers, untreated kernels lose their viability within a month of storage. Further, treated and untreated pods and kernels stored in gunny bags failed to fulfill the minimum germination standards (70%) after three months of storage. However, the kernels treated with fungicide and stored in HDPE or Super grain bags fulfilled minimum germination standards even after 11 months of storage. Hence, groundnut kernels treated with fungicide may be safely stored in Super grain bags or HDPE bags with reduced volume of storage as compared to pod storage. Accordingly, kernel storage in groundnut is possible if kernels pre-treated with double spectrum fungicide (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5%) and stored in super grain bags or HDPE bags. Thus, the results have a high degree of practical utility for groundnut farmers and seed growers.

Simulating and Verifying a 2D/3D Laser Line Sensor Measurement Algorithm on CAD Models and Real Objects.

The increasing adoption of 2D/3D laser line sensors in industrial and research applications necessitates accurate and efficient simulation tools for tasks such as surface inspection, dimensional verification, and quality control. This paper presents a novel algorithm developed in MATLAB for simulating the measurements of any 2D/3D laser line sensor on STL CAD models. The algorithm uses a modified fast-ray triangular intersection method, addressing challenges such as overlapping triangles in assembly models and incorporating sensor resolution to ensure realistic simulations. Quantitative analysis shows a significant reduction in computation time, enhancing the practical utility of the algorithm. The simulation results exhibit a mean deviation of 0.42 mm when compared to real-world measurements. Notably, the algorithm effectively handles complex geometric features, such as holes and grooves, and offers flexibility in generating point cloud data in both local and global coordinate systems. This work not only reduces the need for physical prototyping, thereby contributing to sustainability, but also supports AI training by generating accurate synthetic data. Future work should aim to further optimize the simulation speed and explore noise modeling to enhance the realism of simulated measurements.

Multiparametric Ultrasound Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Beyond Nerve Cross-sectional Area.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common mononeuropathy, results from compression of the median nerve within the fibro-osseous carpal tunnel. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical evaluation and confirmed by nerve conduction studies. However, ultrasound (US) has emerged as a valuable noninvasive adjunct for CTS confirmation, offering potential advantages over electrodiagnostic testing in terms of patient comfort and diagnostic accuracy. This review begins with a concise summary of carpal tunnel anatomy and CTS pathophysiology as a foundation for exploring the diverse applications of US in CTS evaluation. B-mode US assessment is presented with a focus on cross-sectional imaging and dynamic evaluations, including the transverse translocation and longitudinal gliding of the median nerve. We also review current methods for assessing vascularization in CTS and explore the usefulness of elastography in CTS evaluation. The advantages and limitations of each US method are elucidated, highlighting their practical utility in clinical practice.

CPIScore: A Deep Learning Approach for Rapid Scoring and Interpretation of Protein-Ligand Binding Interactions.

Protein-ligand binding affinity prediction is a crucial and challenging task in the field of drug discovery. However, traditional simulation-based computational approaches are often prohibitively time-consuming, limiting their practical utility. In this study, we introduce a novel deep learning method, CPIScore, which leverages the capabilities of Transformer and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) to enhance the prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity. CPIScore utilizes the Transformer architecture to capture comprehensive global contexts of protein and ligand sequences, while the GCN component effectively extracts local features from small molecular graphs. Our results demonstrate that CPIScore surpasses both traditional machine learning and other deep learning models in accuracy, achieving a Pearson's r of 0.74 on our test set. Furthermore, CPIScore has been validated across multiple targets, proving its ability to discern inhibitors from a diverse compound library with high enrichment rates. Notably, when applied to a generated focused library of compounds, CPIScore successfully identified six potent small-molecule inhibitors of ATR, which were tested experimentally and four small molecules exhibited inhibitory activity below ten nanomoles. These results highlight CPIScore's potential to significantly streamline and enhance the efficiency of drug discovery processes.

Highly multiplexed design of an allosteric transcription factor to sense new ligands

Allosteric transcription factors (aTF) regulate gene expression through conformational changes induced by small molecule binding. Although widely used as biosensors, aTFs have proven challenging to design for detecting new molecules because mutation of ligand-binding residues often disrupts allostery. Here, we develop Sensor-seq, a high-throughput platform to design and identify aTF biosensors that bind to non-native ligands. We screen a library of 17,737 variants of the aTF TtgR, a regulator of a multidrug exporter, against six non-native ligands of diverse chemical structures – four derivatives of the cancer therapeutic tamoxifen, the antimalarial drug quinine, and the opiate analog naltrexone – as well as two native flavonoid ligands, naringenin and phloretin. Sensor-seq identifies biosensors for each of these ligands with high dynamic range and diverse specificity profiles. The structure of a naltrexone-bound design shows shape-complementary methionine-aromatic interactions driving ligand specificity. To demonstrate practical utility, we develop cell-free detection systems for naltrexone and quinine. Sensor-seq enables rapid and scalable design of new biosensors, overcoming constraints of natural biosensors.

A consistent, volume preserving, and adaptive mesh refinement-based framework for modeling non-isothermal gas–liquid–solid flows with phase change

This work expands on our recently introduced low Mach enthalpy method (Thirumalaisamy and Bhalla 2023) for simulating the melting and solidification of a phase change material (PCM) alongside (or without) an ambient gas phase. The method captures PCM’s volume change (shrinkage or expansion) by accounting for density change-induced flows. We present several improvements to the original work. First, we introduce consistent time integration schemes for the mass, momentum, and enthalpy equations, which enhance the method stability. Demonstrating the effectiveness of this scheme, we show that a system free of external forces and heat sources can conserve its initial mass, momentum, enthalpy, and phase composition. This allows the system to transition from a non-isothermal, non-equilibrium, phase-changing state to an isothermal, equilibrium state without exhibiting unrealistic behavior. Furthermore, we show that the low Mach enthalpy method accurately simulates thermocapillary flows without introducing spurious phase changes. To reduce computational costs, we solve the governing equations on adaptively refined grids. We investigate two cell tagging/untagging criteria and find that a gradient-based approach is more effective. This approach ensures that the moving thin mushy region is always captured at fine grid levels, even when it temporarily falls within a subgrid level. We propose an analytical model to validate advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes used to simulate metal manufacturing processes (welding, 3D printing). These processes involve a heat source (like a laser) melting metal or its alloy in the presence of an ambient (inert) gas. Traditionally, studies relied on artificially manipulating material properties to match complex experiments for validation purposes. Leveraging the analytical solution to the Stefan problem with a density jump, this model offers a straightforward approach to validating multiphysics simulations involving heat sources and phase change phenomena in three-phase flows. Lastly, we demonstrate the practical utility of the method in modeling porosity defects (gas bubble trapping) during metal solidification. A field extension technique is used to accurately apply surface tension forces in a three-phase flow situation. This is where part of the bubble surface is trapped within the (moving) solidification front.

Tandem, Catalyst‐Free C‐C Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes and Methyl Cyanoacetate with Sodium Hypophosphite

Saturated carbon chain elongation is a common refrain in numerous synthetic pathways. While the formation of C‐C single bonds is of primary importance in organic synthesis, simultaneous introduction of functional groups such as nitrile or ester can reasonably increase its practical utility to prepare multifunctional products. Knoevenagel reaction is one of the powerful tools to create carbon backbones of organic molecules; however, it requires subsequent reduction and/or decarboxylation to achieve a product with a saturated carbon chain. Herein we report a convenient one‐step protocol for the reductive condensation between methyl cyanoacetate and aldehydes in the presence of stable, ecologically benign, cheap and available in bulk amounts sodium hypophosphite as a reductant. A description of both the reaction capabilities and limitations is given in this paper.

Research on the Technology of a Compact Double-Layer Multispectral Filter-Wheel Mechanism Driven by a Single Motor

Spatial multispectral imaging technology can selectively image in specific spectral bands, and the filter wheel is a core component for multispectral selection. At present, there are relatively few types of spectral bands for the filter wheel under limited space/weight constraints. Addressing the challenges presented by this issue, this paper introduces an innovative design approach for the development of a double-layer or even multi-layer filter wheel that is operated by a solitary motor in conjunction with a differential gear mechanism, enabling a vast array of spectral segment combinations within a highly compact layout. A detailed design is implemented for the double-layer filter wheel, including comprehensive modal and dynamic analyses. The results of the modal analysis attested to the structural stability of the component, and the outcomes of the dynamic analysis validated the component’s timely and reliable switching capabilities. A prototype was meticulously crafted and subjected to rigorous testing. The switching functionality was validated during these tests, concurrently affirming the accuracy of the finite element analysis results. Additionally, spectral and application testing confirmed the number of spectral segments and the practical utility of the components. The research presented in this article introduces an innovative design concept for multispectral imaging filter-wheel mechanisms, providing a valuable reference and profound insights for the design and arrangement of a double-layer or even multi-layer filter wheel.

Universally Designed Augmented Reality as Interface for Artificial Intelligence Assisted Decision-Making in Everyday Life Scenarios.

This paper presents a conceptual prototype that integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) with the principles of Universal Design (UD) to enhance decision-making in everyday scenarios for a diverse user base, eliminating the need for conventional text or voice AI interfaces. The study employed a mixed-method approach, including surveys, user testing, and interviews with eight participants from various age groups. The focus was on user interaction styles (head-mounted, handheld) within three everyday scenarios: 1) medication assistance, 2) food and beverage assistance, and 3) sustainability advocacy. Findings revealed that AR as an interface for AI was well-received for its intuitiveness and practical utility. However, users expressed concerns about privacy, the discomfort of wearable technology, and potential over-reliance on AI. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating AR as an interface for AI, combined with UD principles, to create inclusive, context-aware solutions, adaptable to users with diverse skills and abilities.

A study of the dynamic transmission efficiency of the cycloid pin gear pair under dynamic characteristic analysis

Transmission efficiency is one of the main technical indicators for evaluating the transmission performance of a cycloid pin gear planetary reducer. The cycloid pin gear pair is a crucial component of such a reducer. When the design parameters of the cycloid pin gear pair are determined, its transmission efficiency is often considered a constant, which significantly hinders accurate calculations of the transmission efficiency of the cycloid pin gear planetary reducer. To address this issue, this paper introduces a dynamic transmission efficiency analysis method specifically tailored for the cycloid pin gear pair, grounded firmly in dynamic characteristic analysis. Firstly, a comprehensive and meticulous dynamic performance analysis method is proposed for the cycloid pin gear pair, enabling precise calculations of dynamic transmission efficiency. Secondly, an optimization framework is introduced, with a primary focus on enhancing the transmission efficiency of the cycloid pin gear pair. A transmission efficiency assessment model is established as the objective function, which takes into account the pressure angles of both the driving gear and the driven gear at the meshing position. To demonstrate the practical utility and effectiveness of these methodologies, an illustrative example is presented. The results obtained from this example underscore a remarkable improvement in the overall transmission performance of the system. This enhancement is characterized by substantial gains in transmission efficiency and effective vibration control, highlighting the significance and practicality of the proposed approaches.

Photo-rechargeable Mg-ion cell based on PLA/PVDF film

Mg2+ ion based self-charging prototype polymeric photo-power cell has been developed in a very simple and inexpensive way. Eosin Y/MgCl2/PVA mixed aqueous solution and poly(lactic acid) /polyvinylidene fluoride (3:1) composite film are the main assembling components of the device responsible for photo-electrons generation and storage. According to the study of the photovoltaic performance of the cell, a maximum of ∼1 V is obtained under the light intensity of ∼110 mW/cm2. The storage capacity of the device is evaluated to be ∼4.0 F/m2 with an energy density of ∼0.6 mWh/m2 and a power density of ∼2. 5 W/m2 by analyzing the charging–discharging data of the power cell. The charging–discharging data are also recorded for 20 cyclic performances (one cycle per day) to check the longevity of our fabricated Mg2+ ion system. A series connection of four devices can be used as a photo-power bank, which is able to lightened up commercially available 18 LEDs with high intensity, which ensures practical utilizations.

Exploring the reactivity of (hetero)aryl amides in the Chan‐Evans‐Lam reaction with arylalkenyl boron reagents

The unique reactivity and stability of enamides make them attractive reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of acetanilides and pyridyl acetamides in the formation of a C–N bond through a Chan‐Evans‐Lam reaction using arylalkenyl boron‐based reagents yielding a wide scope of N‐aryl enamides with an E configuration. The products obtained have been applied in the synthesis of N‐heterocycles, an important scaffold in several biologically active compounds, via sequential Heck reaction to prove the practical utility of the prepared N‐aryl enamides.