Utero-ovarian Vein Research Articles

Secretion rate of prostaglandin F during induced labor in goats

Relationships between plasma flow and plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F were examined in the utero-ovarian veins of three pregnant goats. Plasma flow, measured by veno-arterial dilution of para-Aminohippurate in two goats, was unchanged or increased slightly when PGF concentrations were elevated by short-term infusions of PGF 2α into a uterine vein. Utero-ovarian plasma flow was measured during labor in two goats. Flow doubled during advanced labor and then decreased sharply to very low rates during the terminal expulsive phase of stage II labor. A total of 8.3 and 9.5 mg PGF was released into the utero-ovarian vein of two goats during the last 6 hours before fetal delivery and maximal release rates of approximately 100 ug. min −1 were obtained some 5–10 minutes before delivery was completed. The highest plasma concentrations of PGF were detected immediately after completion of fetal delivery when utero-ovarian plasma flows were lowest.

Oestrogens in bovine fetal and maternal plasma near term.

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Research Division, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand (Received 8th October 1974) Administration of exogeneous oestrogens, especially when given early in gestation, will terminate pregnancy in the cow (Hill & Pierson, 1958). Normal calving is preceded by a rise of oestrogen levels in the maternal peripheral plasma (Smith, Edgerton, Hafs & Convey, 1973; Robertson, 1974). Although these data suggest that oestrogens may be important in the initiation of parturition, little is known of the source of this oestrogen rise in the cow. It seemed pertinent, therefore, to determine the levels of oestrogens in fetal and maternal plasma over the last 3 weeks of gestation. In the present paper, the levels of free oestrone and oestradiol-17β in the maternal jugular and utero-ovarian vein plasma and in fetal vena cava plasma in relation to the initiation of parturition in the cow were determined by radioimmunoassay. Catheters

Influence of the estrous cycle and prostaglandins on utero-ovarian vein blood flow in the rat

The blood flow rate in the utero-ovarian vein (UOV) has been measured in adult female rats during the different phases of the estrous cycle. It was observed that the blood flow rate in the UOV is high at proestrus and at estrus and low during diestrus days 1 and 2. The intravenous injection of 10 μg PGF 2α or PGE 2 diminishes the blood flow rate in the UOV. The efficacy of the two PGs in reducing blood flow is different in the various phases of the estrous cycle, being maximal during the day of estrus.

Progesterone, progestins and 17-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione in the utero-ovarian, uterine and peripheral blood of the pregnant rhesus monkey.

Progesterone, progestins, and 17-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (17-OHP) were measured in the utero-ovarian, uterine and peripheral plasma at days 22, 42, and 157 of pregnancy in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). At day 22, the concentrations of these steroids in the utero-ovarian vein were higher than in the uterine vein, and the titers in both of these vessels were higher than those in the periphery. At day 42, the quantities of progesterone, progestins and 17-OHP in the utero-ovarian vein were not elevated over uterine vein levels but hormone levels in both of these vessels were higher than peripheral titers, although progesterone and progestins in the utero-ovarian and uterine veins were not elevated as markedly over peripheral concentrations at day 42 as at day 22. At day 157, progesterone and progestins were higher in the uteroovarian vein than in the uterine vein and their concentrations in both vessels were considerably elevated over peripheral blood levels. Little 17-OHP was present at day 157. ...

The effect of endogenous and exogenous estradiol-17beta on the release of prostaglandin F2alpha from the ovine uterus.

Utero-ovarian vein blood was collected via indwelling cannulae at 2-hr intervals from 6 conscious cycling ewes, either from the uterus in situ or from the autotransplanted uterus. Radioimmunoassays were used to analyze plasma samples for progesterone (P) estradiol-17β (E2-17β) luteinizing hormone (LH) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α-confirined by GLC/mass spec). Although peaks of E2-17β (12 to 42 pg/ml) occurred throughout the estrous cycle (including the day 3–4 peak) it was not until day 13 or 14 that peaks of PGF2α (3 to 8.5 ng/ml) were associated with E2-17β peaks (12 to 132 pg/ml). Larger peaks of PGF2 Q (9 to 23.0 ng/ml) lasting 2 hr or less, occurred on day 15 and were associated with the completion of luteal regression as evidenced by a fall in P cone. To determine whether the association of E2-17β peaks with PGF2α peaks was significant and also to determine whether the apparent effect of E2-17β on PGF2a release from the uterus was direct or indirect, a physiological amount of E2-17β (1.0 ng/min) was...

Anatomy of arteries and veins of uterus and ovaries in rhesus monkeys.

The vasculature of uterus and ovaries was studied with the aid of a tissue-clearing technique in 13 rhesus monkeys. The uterine artery and vein formed two closely associated loops from origin to termination of each vessel. The vessels passed mediad toward the uterus, craniad along the lateral surface of the uterus, laterad toward the ovary, and terminated in a prominent anastomosis with the corresponding ovarian vessel ventral to the internal and external iliac vessels. The cranial arm of the uterine vein and the veins from the oviduct and ovary converged to form a prominent uteroovarian vein. The uteroovarian vein consisted of two channels which were interconnected by anastomoses. The initial one-fourth of the ovarian artery was relatively straight, but the remainder was very tortuous or tightly spiraled in both prepubertal and adult monkeys. The spiraled portion of the artery was located between the two channels of the uteroovarian vein. The terminal portion of the ovarian artery was very convoluted and was associated with venous branches from the ovary. The spiraling and convolution; of the ovarian artery and the close apposition of the spirals to the channels of the uteroovarian vein resulted in a large area of surface contact between vessels which contained ovarian arterial blood and vessels which contained uterine and ovarian venous blood. The function of this large area of surface contact is not known. However, it does provide an anatomical basis for the existence of a venoarterial pathway for the passage of substances between the uteroovarian venous blood and ovarian arterial blood.

The effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on ovarian blood flow and corpora lutea regression in the rabbit.

IN many species luteolysis is dependent upon the presence of the uterus and an intact utero-ovarian vasculature. The occurrence of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in uterine tissue, its specific venoconstrictor properties and its ability to induce luteolysis exogenously, led to the hypothesis that, its release by the uterus might cause luteolysis by constricting the uterine and utero-ovarian veins and reducing ovarian bloood flow1. The observation that total ovarian venous outflow fell during infusions of PGF2α in rats and rabbits (after laparotomy and ovarian vein cannulation) supported this hypothesis. A subsequent investigation using similar methods failed to confirm this in rats2. Experiments in sheep with ovaries and uterus transplanted in toto to the neck produced no unequivocal evidence for a drop in ovarian blood flow following doses of PGF2α producing luteolysis, at least until oestrus ensued3. With increasing doses however, an immediate fall in ovarian blood flow occurred4.

A study of the utero-ovarian circulation in sheep with reference to local transfer between venous and arterial blood.

Summary. An experimental technique to study the local utero-ovarian circulation in fifteen ewes is described. It involves specific cannulation of the anterior uterine vein, the utero-ovarian vein and the ovarian artery. Experiments to test for direct passage between the uterine vein and ovarian artery were performed, using a highly diffusible gas (133Xe) and a large molecule radioiodinated human serum albumin (131RISA). The ovary was either left attached to or disconnected from its ligaments. Labelled RISA failed repeatedly to cross, indicating no direct shunt;133Xe crossed with an appearance time of about 20 sec, indicating passive diffusion. Anatomical casts were also prepared using coloured latex injections. Dissection failed to show any direct communications between venous and arterial vessels. These findings fail to support the concept of a local veno-arterial passage of a presumptive uterine luteolysin.

The release of prostaglandins and progestin into the utero-ovarian venous blood of guinea-pigs during the oestrous cycle and following oestrogen treatment.

1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of guinea-pigs on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with oestrogen over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of prostaglandin F(2alpha) and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of progestin by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of prostaglandin F(2alpha) on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of prostaglandin F(2alpha) was increased in animals pre-treated with oestrogen but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. Prostaglandin E(2) was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The progestin concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that prostaglandin F(2alpha) is released into the utero-ovarian venous blood, and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

Secretion of oestradiol-17 by the ovine ovary during the luteal phase of the oestruous cycle in relation to ovulation.

Ewes were observed to determine whether surges in secretion of estradiol-17beta by an ovary during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle might be associated with proceding or impending ovulations from that ovary. Timed collections of utero-ovarian venous blood were obtained from conscious hemispayed or entire ewes in which 1 utero-ovarian vein had been anastomosed to the midline mamary vein. Competitive protein-binding methods were used to assay estradiol-17beta and progesterone. Progesterone levels were used to determine whether ovulation had occurred on the ovary ipsilateral to the anastomosed utero-ovarian vein. The results confirmed the occurrence of a peak in estradiol secretion on Days 3 and 4 of the cycle where estrus was equal to Day 0 and indicated that 2 additional peaks in estradiol secretion (82-242 ng/hour) occur at Days 6-9 and Days 11-15 (-7 to -3) respectively. Oberservations in animals with 2 ovaries indicated that these 3 surges of estradiol secretion do not always occur from the same ovary and that neither is necessarily associated with an ovary containing a corpus luteum or with the ovary from which the next ovulation occurs. It appears that relatively large amounts of estradiol-17 beta may be secreted by the ovaries of the ewe during 3 separate periods in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and that the estradiol may originate from follicles other than that/those from which ovulation occurs.

Effects of prostaglandin on ovarian steroid secretion and biosynthesis during pregnancy.

Effects of prostaglandin on ovarian steroid secretion and biosynthesis during pregnancy.

Ovarian bloodflow in sheep during the oestrous cycle.

It is uncertain whether ovarian bloodflow in ewes remains constant or varies with the stage ofthe oestrous cycle. In an experiment in whichminimal estimates' of the ovarian steroid secretion rates were obtained, Short, McDonald & Rowson (1963) cannulated the major vein draining the corpus luteum or ripe Graafian follicle. The bloodflow rates obtained were lower in oestrous than in di-oestrous ewes. Moore, Brown & Smythe (1965) using a similar technique did not find that the rates varied cyclically. In the present study, seventeen Merino and five Corriedale ewes were used. They were 5 to 7 years old and had regularly exhibited oestrus at intervals of 17 days. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sodium pentobarbitone except on nine occasions when anaesthesia was maintained with fluothane. The abdomen was opened by a mid-ventral incision and 12,500 i.u. of heparin were given intravenously. A polyvinyl catheter was passed into each utero- ovarian vein through an incision in a branch of the corresponding middle uterine vein. Each utero-ovarian vein was ligated below the end of the catheter. Tributaries of this vein, other than the ovarian veins, were also ligated so that only ovarian blood entered the catheter. Each catheter (length 9 cm, internal diameter 2\m=.\0mm) was connected with 3\m=.\2-mminternal diameter tubing to form a low-resistance collection system. Timed collections of blood, approxi- mately 80 ml from each ovary, were made simultaneously. The ligatures and catheters were then removed and the incised veins tied off. The abdomen was closed and the animal allowed to recover. Collections were made on 2 successive days in twenty of the ewes. In twelve of these, the ovaries were removed and weighed after the second collection period. In individual ewes during the luteal phase, similar bloodflow rates were obtained at the two collections. Ovarian bloodflow during consecutive periods of sodium pentobarbitone-maintained and fluothane-maintained anaesthesia was similar in each of three ewes examined. Consequently the results from all animals were pooled. For Days 0, 1, 2, 15 and 16 of the oestrous cycle (Text-fig. 1), the mean bloodflow ( + S.E.) was 2-91+0-25 ml/min in ovaries with pre-ovulatory follicles or recent ovulation points and 3-05 + 0-32 ml/min in the contralateral 'inactive' ovaries. The rates during Days 3 to 14, inclusive, of 7-80 + 0-48 ml/min in ovaries with corpora lutea and 6-59 + 0-42 ml/min in those without corpora

Effect of gonadotrophins on the secretion of progesterone and oestrogens by the sheep ovary perfused in situ.

Summary. The effect of gonadotrophins on the secretion rate of gonadal hormones in sheep was investigated by perfusing the ovary in situ with luteinizing hormone (lh), luteotrophic hormone (lth) and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh). The gonadotrophins were infused through the side branch of the ovarian artery and the effluent blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein. Perfusion of the ovary on the 8th day of the oestrous cycle with lh or lth resulted in the increase of the secretion rate of progesterone within 20 to 30 min after the beginning of the perfusion; when the perfusion of the ovary was terminated the rate of progesterone secretion reverted to the original level within 20 to 30 min. Unlike lh and lth, fsh infused on the 8th day of the oestrous cycle decreased the output of progesterone. On the 15th day of oestrous cycle progesterone could not be detected in the effluent blood from the ovarian vein. At that time, perfusion of the ovaries with gonadotrophic hormones produced no effect on the secretion rate of progesterone. Substances giving positive reaction with Barton's reagent and showing chromatographic characteristics of oestrone and oestradiol were detected in the ovarian venous blood in few animals only, and in very low concentrations. No relation was observed between the presence of these substances in the ovarian venous blood and either the phase of oestrous cycle or the type of gonadotrophin infused. Furthermore, perfusion of the ovary with fsh or lh resulted in the appearance in the ovarian venous blood of an unknown oestrogen-like substance of higher polarity than that of oestrone but lower than that of oestradiol.

The oxygen consumption of the pregnant uterus and fetus of macaca mulatta

Uterine and umbilical blood flows were estimated by the steady state diffusion method in eight pregnant rhesus monkeys with the fetus in utero near term under halothane and N 2O anesthesia. Blood was sampled from a maternal artery, two utero-ovarian veins, the umbilical vein and a fetal femoral artery. The mean uterine blood flow was 80 ml .min -1 and the mean uterine O 2 consumption 3.7ml STPD.min -1. The mean umbilical blood flow was 45 ml .min -1 and the mean fetal O 2 consumption 2.1ml STPD.min -1. During simultaneous determinations, the fetal O 2 consumption accounted for approximately 55% of that of the pregnant uterus and its contents. The maternal placental blood flow was estimated to be approximately 55 to 76% of the total uterine blood flow. The characteristics of the placenta for diffusional exchange of O 2 were calculated using several assumptions, and were found to be similar to those estimated for the human placenta.

ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE INTERNAL GENITALIA OF FEMALE SWINE

Summary. The angioarchitecture of the internal genitalia of twenty-six female swine was studied. The arteries of the genitalia of female swine anastomose freely allowing fluid injected into one artery to flow into all other arteries of the genitalia. A similar degree of anastomosis exists in the veins. There is no branch to the uterine horn from the so-called uteroovarian artery and a more descriptive name for the artery would be ovarian. Also, it is more appropriate to refer to the artery originating from the umbilical artery as the uterine instead of middle uterine artery since it supplies the entire uterine horn and there is no cranial uterine artery in the pig. The uterine branch of the urogenital artery supplies the cervix and uterine body. Two large veins are located bilaterally in the mesometrium of the uterus. The larger is nearer the uterine horn, runs the entire length of the horn and is a utero-ovarian vein. It follows the ovarian artery after receiving one or two venous branches from the ovary. An additional large vein which parallels the utero-ovarian vein in the mesometrium is designated as the uterine vein since it follows the uterine artery. The uterine vein anastomoses with the utero-ovarian vein through one large branch and many smaller branches and enters a ureteric vein as the uterine artery crosses the ureter. The uterine body and cervix are drained by the uterine branch of the urogenital vein.

Hemorrhage from rupture of utero-ovarian vein. Complication of pregnancy.

Hemorrhage from a ruptured utero-ovarian vein is an unusual but serious complication of pregnancy, carrying a high mortality. Because this catastrophe is seldom seen, rarely reported, and practically impossible to find in the usual textbooks on obstetrics, it must be concluded that most physicians, like ourselves, have not been aware of the entity. It is for this reason that we are reporting such a case and discussing the problem as a surgical emergency. This entity must be understood, recognized early, and treated with dispatch, if sudden and unnecessary tragedy is to be averted. Massive bleeding from the enlarged, distended, and often varix-like veins of the utero-ovarian structures during pregnancy may occur in three different forms. Bleeding may be free into the abdominal cavity; it may develop as a retroperitoneal hemorrhage in the tissues of the broad ligament or pelvis; or it may occur as a combination of retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal

Spontaneous rupture of a uteroovarian vein during a normal spontaneous delivery

We have presented another case of a preoperatively diagnosed spontaneous rupture of a uteroovarian varix which occurred during a normal, spontaneous delivery.There is no apparent safeguard to be observed during the prenatal care against this catastrophe, although large varicosities, especially of the vulva, may be significant.Obstetrical trauma is conspicuously absent. Minimal general anesthesia and sedation by means of local and pudendal block would avoid their masking effect. Routine manual exploration of the uterine cavity immediately following delivery helps to exclude retained secundine and uterine rupture. Recovery room observation is an important responsibility of the obstetrician. An infusion of glucose and water kept running during and after delivery is of great value in restoring fluid balance and meeting the need for blood or other intravenous support when necessary.No mention is made in the literature of recurrence of this vascular accident in subsequent pregnancies.After careful consideration of the possible causes of obstetrical shock, including ruptured uterus, premature separation of the placenta, and air and amniotic fluid embolism, the only chance of salvaging these women is a combination of alertness in all cases to the possibility of spontaneous rupture of the uteroovarian veins occurring before, during, or after parturition and the courage to act decisively.

An unusual source of recurrent pulmonary emboli: primary pelvic varicocele.

Case Reports1 May 1957AN UNUSUAL SOURCE OF RECURRENT PULMONARY EMBOLI: PRIMARY PELVIC VARICOCELESEYMOUR B. LONDON, M.D., ROSE E. LONDON, M.D.SEYMOUR B. LONDON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROSE E. LONDON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-46-5-976 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPulmonary thrombo-embolic disease, because of its frequency and serious implications as a cause of morbidity in the aged and the chronically ill, and in postoperative states, has received increasing clinical attention. In the young, noncardiac, nontraumatized healthy individual, however, recurrent pulmonary embolization is a relative rarity. We recently treated a 40 year old housewife who, over a 10 year period, suffered more than 100 episodes of pulmonary embolization of undiagnosed origin. The diagnosis of pelvic varicocele was eventually established, and the patient was treated and cured by vena caval ligation and surgical excision of the source of the emboli.Our...Bibliography1. FegerlNarik HG: Die Varicocele pelvina muliebrum als selbstaendiges Krankheitsbild (varicocele pelvina muliebrum as an independent entity), Zentralbl. f. Gynäk. 76: 392, 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Imparato E: Il varicocele pelvico, Rassegna internaz. clin. e terap. 32: 628, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Ferreira Gomez A: Chronic pelvic congestion in female; importance of gynecologic varicocele, Rev. españ. obst. y ginec. 10: 347, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Davis CH: Gynecology and obstetrics, edited by Davis, C. H., and Carter, B., 1953, W. F. Prior Company, Inc., Hagerstown, Maryland, Vol. 2, Chapter 18, p. 43; Vol. 3, Chapter 18, p. 207. Google Scholar5. CrossenCrossen HSRJ: Diseases of women, 9th Ed., 1944, The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, p. 656. Google Scholar6. HodgkinsonChristensen CPRC: Hemorrhage from ruptured uteroovarian veins during pregnancy; report of 3 cases and review of the literature, Am. J. Obst. and Gynec. 59: 1112, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Miami Beach, Florida*Received for publication November 25, 1955.From the Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Hospital of Greater Miami, Miami Beach, Florida.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Seymour B. London, M.D., 1085 Dade Boulevard, Miami Beach 39, Florida. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1957Volume 46, Issue 5Page: 976-982KeywordsAnticoagulant therapyHospital medicineInflammationLigation assayMorbidityPulmonary diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...

Massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage from utero-ovarian vein rupture following delivery

1.1. A case of massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage resulting from rupture of the utero-ovarian vein in the immediate postpartum period is reported.2.2. The survival of the patient was attributed to early surgical intervention.3.3. A review of the literature revealed the rarity of this complication and its high mortality.4.4. It is felt that the diagnosis of utero-ovarian vein rupture might be made more often if only the possibility of its occurrence were kept in mind.

Rupture of the utero-ovarian veins during pregnancy and labour.

Rupture of the utero-ovarian veins during pregnancy and labour.