Changes In Uterine Volume Research Articles

Immunohistochemical detection of insulin-like growth factor type I receptor and uterine volume changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog-treated uterine leiomyomas

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type I receptor (IGF-I-R) expression in uterine leiomyomas after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog administration and modifications in uterine size. Study Design: Forty-six women with menorrhagia for uterine leiomyomatosis were treated monthly with leuprolide acetate depot 3.75 mg before undergoing surgery. The uterine volume before and after therapy was assessed by transabdominal ultrasonography. Immunohistochemical detection of IGF-I-R was performed on leiomyoma tissue samples. The relationship between IGF-I-R levels and uterine volume changes was analyzed. Results: Uterine volume decreased after therapy. Patients with a lower immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I-R showed a larger decrease in uterine size. Conclusion: The shrinkage in uterine volume induced by GnRH analogs seems to be related to the observed reduction in IGF-I-R levels. So, the IGF-I/IGF-I-R system might be involved in leiomyoma growth, and the pharmacologic action of GnRH analogs on uterine leiomyomas might also be related to the effects on IGF-I-R expression. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:702-6.)

A multicentre randomised trial to compare uterine safety of raloxifene with a continuous combined hormone replacement therapy containing oestradiol and norethisterone acetate

Objective To compare the uterine effects of 60 mg of raloxifene with a continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, a preparation of 2 mg 17β-oestradiol (E 2) and 1 mg norethisterone acetate for a duration of 12 months. Design A randomised, double-blind trial. Setting Multicentre: Europe, Israel, South Africa. Population Asymptomatic postmenopausal women with risk factors for osteoporosis or cardiovascular disease who had an endometrial thickness of less than 5 mm. One thousand and eight women were randomised for the six month core; of these 420 were invited to continue into a six month extension period. Methods Randomisation to either raloxifene or continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Patients, recruiters and assessors were blinded to the treatment used. Main outcome measures The frequency of vaginal spotting/bleeding as recorded in a diary, endometrial thickness and uterine volume as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Results After six months of therapy with raloxifene, the rate of women on raloxifene reporting vaginal bleeding and spotting (6.8%) was similar to the rate in the lead-in phase (8.3%) but increased from 7.0% to 55.1% in the continuous combined hormone replacement therapy group. Raloxifene treatment was not associated with a significant change from baseline to endpoint in mean endometrial thickness ( P = 0.11), whereas continuous combined hormone replacement therapy treatment was associated with an increase in this value of mean (SD) of 1.2 (2.2) mm ( P < 0.001). Compared with raloxifene, mean endometrial thickness for women on continuous combined hormone replacement therapy was significantly increased at endpoint [4.6 (2.1) mm vs 3.5 (1.7) mm; change from baseline P < 0.001]. In the raloxifene group, there was a trend towards a decrease from baseline in uterine volume [from 31.4 (20.3) to 30.3 (16.2) mm; P = 0.37]; in the continuous combined hormone replacement therapy group, there was a significant increase in uterine volume [from 31.3 (16.3) to 54.0 (36.1) mm; P < 0.001], and the difference in the effect of both compounds on change in uterine volume at endpoint reached statistical significance ( P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences between the treatment groups were sustained for all parameters during the extension period. Early discontinuation rates, both overall and due to adverse events, were significantly lower ( P < 0.001) in the raloxifene group after 6 and 12 months. Conclusion Compared with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, 6 and 12 months of raloxifene treatment do not lead to vaginal bleeding/spotting, are not associated with increased endometrial thickness or uterine volume and result in a significantly lower rate of early treatment discontinuations in asymptomatic women receiving treatment to prevent long term postmenopausal health risks.

A multicentre randomised trial to compare uterine safety of raloxifene with a continuous combined hormone replacement therapy containing oestradiol and norethisterone acetate

To compare the uterine effects of 60 mg of raloxifene with a continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, a preparation of 2 mg 17beta-oestradiol (E(2)) and 1 mg norethisterone acetate for a duration of 12 months. A randomised, double-blind trial. Multicentre: Europe, Israel, South Africa. Asymptomatic postmenopausal women with risk factors for osteoporosis or cardiovascular disease who had an endometrial thickness of less than 5 mm. One thousand and eight women were randomised for the six month core; of these 420 were invited to continue into a six month extension period. Randomisation to either raloxifene or continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Patients, recruiters and assessors were blinded to the treatment used. The frequency of vaginal spotting/bleeding as recorded in a diary, endometrial thickness and uterine volume as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. After six months of therapy with raloxifene, the rate of women on raloxifene reporting vaginal bleeding and spotting (6.8%) was similar to the rate in the lead-in phase (8.3%) but increased from 7.0% to 55.1% in the continuous combined hormone replacement therapy group. Raloxifene treatment was not associated with a significant change from baseline to endpoint in mean endometrial thickness (P = 0.11), whereas continuous combined hormone replacement therapy treatment was associated with an increase in this value of mean (SD) of 1.2 (2.2) mm (P < 0.001). Compared with raloxifene, mean endometrial thickness for women on continuous combined hormone replacement therapy was significantly increased at endpoint [4.6 (2.1) mm vs 3.5 (1.7) mm; change from baseline P < 0.001]. In the raloxifene group, there was a trend towards a decrease from baseline in uterine volume [from 31.4 (20.3) to 30.3 (16.2) mm; P = 0.37]; in the continuous combined hormone replacement therapy group, there was a significant increase in uterine volume [from 31.3 (16.3) to 54.0 (36.1) mm; P < 0.001], and the difference in the effect of both compounds on change in uterine volume at endpoint reached statistical significance (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences between the treatment groups were sustained for all parameters during the extension period. Early discontinuation rates, both overall and due to adverse events, were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the raloxifene group after 6 and 12 months. Compared with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, 6 and 12 months of raloxifene treatment do not lead to vaginal bleeding/spotting, are not associated with increased endometrial thickness or uterine volume and result in a significantly lower rate of early treatment discontinuations in asymptomatic women receiving treatment to prevent long term postmenopausal health risks.

Transvaginal sonographic monitoring of the uterine effects of raloxifene and a continuous combined replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

Objective: To study the effect of 17β-estradiol+norethisterone acetate and raloxifene on the endometrium and uterine volume in postmenopausal women. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to 17β-estradiol 2 mg+norethisterone acetate 1mg (E 2+NETA) daily ( n=90) or raloxifene HCl 60 mg (Evista) daily ( n=43). Transvaginal sonography was done at baseline and at 6, 12 and 18 months, and at 6 and 12 months in-patients treated with E 2+NETA and EVISTA respectively. Patients were asked to record bleeding-spotting episodes. Whenever required patients were referred for hysteroscopy±biopsy of the endometrium. Results: Patients under E 2+NETA had a higher bleeding-spotting incidence (48.6%) compared with EVISTA (7.7%). Endometrial thickness increased significantly under E 2+NETA as compared with baseline; however, at end point thickness reverted to baseline values. Evista had a non-stimulatory effect on the endometrium. Changes in uterine volume were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Both treatment regimens provided comparable uterine safety. However, raloxifene exhibited a more favorable safety profile on the uterus as expressed in the bleeding-spotting incidence and the effect on endometrial thickness and uterine volume. Transvaginal sonography appears to be a dependable method for monitoring the effect of treatment on the uterus.

Relationship between platelet-derived growth factor expression in leiomyomas and uterine volume changes after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment

The unopposed estrogen effect is the main cause of leiomyoma growth and is at the basis of the clinical use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been indicated as the main growth factor involved, in vitro in the proliferation response of leiomyoma smooth muscle cells to estrogen stimulation. The aim of this article is to evaluate the mitogenic action of PDGF in vivo by studying the relationship between PDGF expression in leiomyomas and post-GnRH analogue treatment changes in uterine volume. Thirty-nine patients suffering from uterine leiomyomas were treated with leuprorelin acetate depot 3.75 mg for three cycles; 31 untreated patients were enrolled as control group. Uterine volume was determined twice by ultrasonography in each patient, the first time at admission and the second time after treatment in the study group and after 3 months in the control group. The change in the uterine volume was then evaluated. Patients underwent surgery, and PDGF immunohistochemical detection was performed on the obtained fibroid samples. Uterine volume decreased significantly after treatment, whereas just a poor modification was found in the controls. The decrease in the uterine volume was found to be statistically related to PDGF expression. Thus PDGF levels decreased in treated patients as compared with controls. The decreased PDGF production in leiomyomas after GnRH analogue treatment and the relationship between decreased PDGF expression and greater shrink age in uterine volume suggest that PDGF might have a mitogenic action on leiomyomas in vivo. HUM PATHOL 33:220-224. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Avaliação Ultra-sonográfica das Variações do Volume Uterino

Objetivo: verificar a acurácia do ultra-som transabdominal (USTA) em determinar as alterações fisiológicas e patológicas do volume uterino e comparar o volume do útero ao USTA e ultra-som transvaginal (USTV), procurando verificar a relação dos métodos. Métodos: inicialmente foram revistos, retrospectivamente, 1186 exames ecográficos pélvicos (USTA e USTV), verificando-se as principais doenças e indicações para estes exames. A seguir, foram selecionados 480 USTA sem doenças uterinas e correlacionou-se o volume uterino com a idade e paridade. Finalmente, foi realizado estudo prospectivo comparando-se o volume uterino de 50 mulheres ao USTA e USTV. Para análise estatística utilizaram-se os testes t de Student e coeficientes de correlação de Spearman e Pearson. Resultados: correlacionando-se com a paridade, para P = 0 (n = 99) o volume foi de 44,4 cm³; para P = 1 (n = 72) o volume foi 58,5 cm³; para P = 2-3 (n = 137), o volume foi 75,8 cm³; para P = 4-5 (n = 56), 88 cm³ e para P = 6 ou mais (n = 26), 105 cm³, mostrando uma correlação positiva entre a paridade e o volume uterino. Com o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman obtiveram-se r = 0,59 e p = 0,001; o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi r = 0,55 e o mesmo p. Não houve variações significantes do volume uterino ao USTA e USTV. Conclusões: o útero aumenta com a paridade e sofre alterações do seu volume com a idade, sendo essas modificações detectadas ao USTA. Ambos os métodos (USTA e USTV) são equivalentes na medida do volume uterino; entretanto, a repleção vesical ao USTA permite melhor avaliação do comprimento uterino.

Uterine ultrasonographic changes with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists

Objectives: Our purpose was to assess the changes in uterine volume and uterine artery pulsatility index in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in women undergoing hysterectomy for nonfibroid-related uterine bleeding. Study Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of 51 women awaiting hysterectomy in a gynecology outpatient clinic was conducted. The women were treated for 8 weeks with either leuprolide acetate depot or placebo. Vaginal ultrasonographic examinations were performed before and after treatment. The paired t test was used for statistical analysis. Results: In those allocated to therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist the mean uterine volume decreased by 34% and the uterine artery pulsatility index increased from 2.25 to 2.7. No significant changes were seen in the placebo group. The intersonographer variability was low and there was a high correlation between uterine size as measured by ultrasonography before hysterectomy and that measured postoperatively. Conclusions: Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists leads to uterine shrinkage and an increase in the uterine artery pulsatility index even in the absence of uterine fibroids. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:8-13.)

Bleeding patterns in recent postmenopausal outpatients with uterine myomas: comparison between two regimens of HRT

Objectives: To evaluate and to compare the bleeding patterns obtained with two regimens of hormone replacement therapy given to early postmenopausal women with asymptomatic uterine leiomyomas. Methods: In this randomised prospective 1-year study 50 early postmenopausal women with one to four asymptomatic uterine leiomyomas were enrolled into two study-groups to take two regimens of hormone replacement therapy for 12 28-day cycles: (A) Tibolone, 2.5 mg/day; (B) conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), 0.625 mg/day plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 5 mg/day. The bleeding patterns and the changes in uterine volume of the 47 outpatients who completed the study were evaluated and compared. Results: Amenorrhea incidence was higher in group A (75.0% of the cycles) than in group B (65.6% of the cycles), while irregular bleeding and irregular spotting incidences were higher in group B (29.7 and 4.7% of the cycles, respectively) compared to group A (22.6 and 2.4% of the cycles, respectively). The mean bleeding and spotting lengths were not statistically different between patients in group A and those in group B. Finally, at the end of the study period transvaginal ultrasonography showed no significant change in leiomyoma size. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that, in early postmenopausal patients with asymptomatic uterine leiomyomas, Tibolone treatment seems to be preferable compared to CEE–MPA continuous combined treatment in relation to the lesser occurrence of irregular bleeding. Furthermore, neither Tibolone nor CEE–MPA therapy, at the doses used here, promote fibroid growth.

Chemotherapy-induced changes in uterine volume: CT study.

The goal of this study was to quantify changes in uterine volume during and after chemotherapy for breast cancer. Fifty-eight patients (mean age 42 years) with advanced breast cancer undergoing treatment with FLAC (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide) were studied with serial pelvic CT. The transverse, anteroposterior, and sagittal measurements of the uterus were taken in each of the CT scans. The uterine volumes were calculated, normalized to baseline volumes, and graphically displayed for each patient. The temporal changes in uterine volume were correlated to the dates of chemotherapy administration and menstrual status. There was a striking and consistent loss of uterine volume with chemotherapy. This phenomenon was observed in 55 (95%) of the 58 patients. The mean minimum uterine volume was 58.3 +/- 20.2% compared with the baseline. This loss of uterine volume began after the administration of the first cycle of chemotherapy and progressed during subsequent cycles. It coincided with loss of normal menses in all patients. After completion of chemotherapy, there was a recovery of the uterine volume in 12 of the 16 patients who had follow-up CT. The mean recovery uterine volume was 108.4 +/- 49.8% of baseline. Menses recovered in four of these. Chemotherapy causes loss of uterine volume, which usually recovers after the withdrawal of chemotherapy in premenopausal women. This change should not be mistaken for a therapeutic response of primary or secondary malignancy within the uterus or be confused with subsequent uterine changes due to tamoxifen.

Ultrasonographical and hormonal description of the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle

To describe the changes in uterine volume, endometrial thickness and follicular size during the normal menstrual cycle by use of transvaginal ultrasonography and to correlate these changes with the endocrine events in the same cycle. A group of 23 healthy women with normal body mass index and with a history of regular menstruations were monitored with repeated hormonal and vaginal ultrasonographical investigations during the menstrual cycle. Sixteen of the women fulfilled the hormonal criteria for ovulation. The mean length of the cycles was 28 days (range 25-30 days) with a mean length of the follicular and the luteal phases of 14.4 days (range 12-17 days) and 13.5 days (range 12-16 days), respectively. The estradiol level in serum the day before the peak of the luteinizing hormone varied between 490 and 1710 pmol/l (mean 1087 pmol/l). Ultrasonographically, the most clinically relevant changes were the increase in diameter of the dominant follicle and the growth of the endometrium. At ovulation the dominant follicle had a mean diameter of 21.4 mm (range 17.4-27.0), whereas the endometrium had a mean thickness of 12.8 mm (range 10.0-15.9). When analysed over the entire follicular phase, the serum estradiol concentration correlated both with the diameter of the dominant follicle (r = 0.93, p = 0.0001) and with the thickness of the endometrium (r = 0.79, p = 0.0001). However, no such correlations were found when only the last part of the follicular phase was analysed. In the luteal phase there was no correlation between the size of the corpus luteum and the serum concentration of progesterone. Vaginal ultrasonography is a practical and reliable method to monitor structural changes in the ovaries and the uterus during the menstrual cycle. The results are of clinical importance for a better understanding of the physiological changes and helpful when monitoring induction of ovulation in assisted reproduction.

An Evaluation of the Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Uterine Leiomyomata Volume by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the effectiveness of administering medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 20 mg/day) in either the first (protocol A) or last (protocol B) 12-week period along with a 6-month course of the GnRH analog (GnRH-a; leuprolide acetate; 1 mg/day, sc) on uterine and leiomyomata volumes and hormone (estradiol, LH, and FSH) and serum lipid (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high and low density lipoprotein) levels. Sixteen women were randomized into protocol A or B, received either MPA or placebo along with GnRH-a, respectively, and were then crossed over at 12 weeks to placebo or MPA, respectively, for the final 12-week interval of GnRH-a therapy. Total, myoma, and nonmyoma uterine volumes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging, and serum studies were performed at the beginning of the study and at 12 and 24 weeks. In both protocols, LH and estradiol levels declined by 80-90% (P < 0.03) and 55-72% (P < 0.02) of the baseline, respectively, at 12 weeks and remained at this level at 24 weeks. There were no significant changes in the other laboratory tests between protocols or longitudinally over time. Total uterine volume decreased to 73% of the baseline at 12 weeks in protocol B (P < 0.04), but did not change in protocol A. After crossover at 12 weeks, the total uterine volume of women in protocol A decreased to 74% of the baseline (P < 0.02) at 24 weeks. Between-protocol comparisons demonstrated a greater decline in total uterine volume in protocol B than A at 12 weeks, but after cross-over, MPA addition was associated with a significant increase in total uterine volume (protocol B) compared to a decrease in protocol A at 24 weeks (P < 0.005). In contrast, although myoma volume declined in both protocols, no significant changes in myoma volume were detected within or between groups over the treatment period. Nonmyoma volume changes in protocols A and B roughly paralleled total uterine volume changes, with MPA coadministration showing a correlation with a reversal in the GnRH-a-associated decrease in nonmyomatous tissue volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

An evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomata volume by magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the effectiveness of administering medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 20 mg/day) in either the first (protocol A) or last (protocol B) 12-week period along with a 6-month course of the GnRH analog (GnRH-a; leuprolide acetate; 1 mg/day, sc) on uterine and leiomyomata volumes and hormone (estradiol, LH, and FSH) and serum lipid (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high and low density lipoprotein) levels. Sixteen women were randomized into protocol A or B, received either MPA or placebo along with GnRH-a, respectively, and were then crossed over at 12 weeks to placebo or MPA, respectively, for the final 12-week interval of GnRH-a therapy. Total, myoma, and nonmyoma uterine volumes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging, and serum studies were performed at the beginning of the study and at 12 and 24 weeks. In both protocols, LH and estradiol levels declined by 80-90% (P < 0.03) and 55-72% (P < 0.02) of the baseline, respectively, at 12 weeks and remained at this level at 24 weeks. There were no significant changes in the other laboratory tests between protocols or longitudinally over time. Total uterine volume decreased to 73% of the baseline at 12 weeks in protocol B (P < 0.04), but did not change in protocol A. After crossover at 12 weeks, the total uterine volume of women in protocol A decreased to 74% of the baseline (P < 0.02) at 24 weeks. Between-protocol comparisons demonstrated a greater decline in total uterine volume in protocol B than A at 12 weeks, but after cross-over, MPA addition was associated with a significant increase in total uterine volume (protocol B) compared to a decrease in protocol A at 24 weeks (P < 0.005). In contrast, although myoma volume declined in both protocols, no significant changes in myoma volume were detected within or between groups over the treatment period. Nonmyoma volume changes in protocols A and B roughly paralleled total uterine volume changes, with MPA coadministration showing a correlation with a reversal in the GnRH-a-associated decrease in nonmyomatous tissue volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Treatment of uterine leiomyomata with a luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone agonist: the possibility of nonsurgical management in selected perimenopausal women

To evaluate the efficacy of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LH-RH-a) in the treatment of leiomyomata. A retrospective randomized trial. Hospital department of obstetrics and gynecology. Twenty-five women, ages 36 to 54 years with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata, were divided into two groups according to the responsiveness to LH-RH-a: group A patients reached menopause after LH-RH-a, whereas resumption of menstruation occurred within 12 weeks after cessation of therapy in group B. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist was administered intranasally three times a day with 150 micrograms insufflation of one spray in each nostril (total dose: 900 micrograms/d). Efficacies of treatment were assessed in terms of uterine volume, hemoglobin concentrations, serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and bone density during and after treatment. In both groups, hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly after 16 weeks of treatment. A significant reduction in uterine volume was observed in both groups. After completing therapy, there was no further significant change in uterine volume in group A, whereas uterine volume in group B returned to pretreatment values. Serum LH and FSH concentrations were suppressed during treatment, but those gonadotropins in group A increased significantly up to the menopausal levels after treatment. Serum E2 concentrations in both groups showed consistent suppression by the end of the first treatment cycle. After cessation of therapy, serum E2 levels on group A remained in the castrate range, whereas E2 in group B returned to pretreatment levels, concomitant with the return of normal ovulation. Intranasal administration of LH-RH-a was successful in significantly decreasing uterine volume and increasing hemoglobin concentration in premenopausal women with leiomyomata.

Estrogenic action of tamoxifen in women treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (goserelin)—lack of shrinkage of uterine fibroids

Six premenopausal women with uterine fibroids were treated with a combination of tamoxifen, 20 mg/d, and goserelin, 3.6 mg every 28 days, for a total of 24 weeks. Results were compared with those from six women, matched for pretreatment uterine volume, who had been treated with goserelin alone. During combined therapy, plasma and urinary estrogen concentrations were significantly lower than during goserelin alone, whereas sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were significantly higher. Plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were both suppressed, in contrast with results during goserelin alone when FSH levels remained within the pretreatment range. None of the women on combined therapy bled in response to the endocrine changes of the initial treatment cycle. Despite this profound pituitary-ovarian suppression, there was no significant change in uterine volume during combined therapy. These results suggest that tamoxifen is acting as an estrogen agonist in women rendered hypoestrogenic with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluating the efficacy of leuprolide acetate depot in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata

Thirty-eight premenopausal women with uterine leiomyomata were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy of depot leuprolide acetate (LA), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in decreasing uterine volume. Eighteen women received intramuscular (IM) depot LA 3.75 mg every 4 weeks for 24 weeks (group A); 20 women received IM placebo with the same injection schedule (group B). Group A patients had a mean reduction in pretreatment uterine volume from 505 +/- 93 cu cm (mean +/- standard error of the mean) to 305 +/- 57 cu cm after 12 weeks (P less than 0.05 versus pretreatment) and 307 +/- 57 cu cm after 24 weeks of therapy (P less than 0.05 versus therapy (P less than 0.05 versus pretreatment). At 3 months after cessation of therapy, the mean uterine volume in group A had increased to 446 +/- 92 cu cm (P less than 0.05 versus week 24). Group B patients had no significant change in uterine volume over the 24-week treatment period. These results suggest that depot LA therapy may significantly decrease uterine volume in patients with leiomyomata, but that regrowth of uterine size occurs shortly after cessation of therapy.

Changes in uterine volume following the intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline.

A 30% increase in uterine volume during the initial 3 hours after intra‐amniotic saline injection has been calculated from 53 amniograms in 8 midtrimester patients.