Cosmetic Usage Research Articles

Understanding the Antecedents of Green Cosmetics Purchase Among Indonesian Consumers

Green cosmetics have an added value where they are not only made of natural ingredients, but also being produced with less pollution, free from animal cruelty and using less of non-renewable materials. Previous research shows that environmental concerns tend to have a significant effect on the purchase intention of the green cosmetics. Yet, consumers react differently toward the idea of green cosmetics itself, it becomes important to have solid understanding on the internal and external factors that lead to a purchase decision. This research aims to understand Indonesian consumers’ behavior toward green cosmetics by adapting the theory of reasoned action (TRA) framework. It focuses on how consumers’ attitude toward green cosmetics and subjective norms could affect the purchase intention, which would later affect the purchase decision. This research conducted using the survey method. The questionnaire consists of 5 Likert scales. The data analysis of this research was conducted by using the latent variable analysis (lavaan) packages on RStudio. From the test results, it was found that attitude and subjective norm positively affect purchase intention. Then, purchase intention and environmental responsibility have a positive effect on the purchase decision of green products. This study contributes to the literature of green marketing, and future research is expected to reach more green cosmetic users to be more representative.

High-precision multiclass classification of chili leaf disease through customized EffecientNetB4 from chili leaf images

Chili is a vital crop in India, where it is widely grown for usage in food, medicine, and cosmetics. India is the world's largest producer and exporter of chilies, a key spice crop. For the leaf disease classification, Conventional Neural Networks (CNN) are used. EfficientNetB4 is a neural network architecture that has been demonstrated to achieve high accuracy on image classification tasks while using a small number of parameters. This model is calibrated for the function of detecting leaf disease. This research demonstrates the efficacy of using deep learning architectures for the detection of leaf diseases and highlights EfficientNetB4′s potential as a powerful tool for this task. We fine-tuned the EfficientNetB4 as EfficientLeafNetB4 and proved the most efficient in the detection of chili leaf disease detection compared to ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, MobileNet-V2, and VGG-16. Our proposed fine-tuned model produced better results as compared to the above-listed techniques.The proposed approach is simple to integrate into existing agricultural systems and can assist farmers in making timely and accurate crop health decisions. Furthermore, our work provides a roadmap for future research in this field, including the investigation of novel data augmentation techniques and regularization strategies and the exploration of other deep learning architectures.Sample abstract: The agriculture sector is essential to a country's Gross domestic product (GDP). Plants are essential because they provide people with sustenance. Most farmers in poor nations do manual farming. Plant diseases that are not identified in time can cause financial losses for farmers, damaging state and national economies on a huge scale. The present study investigates High-precision Multiclass Classification of Chili leaf Disease through Customized E ffecientNetB4 from Chili Leaf Images. This research represents the popular Indian crop leaf diseases like Up curl, Down curl, Gemini virus, Cercosporin leaf spot, healthy leaf, and their identification accuracies. We fine-tuned the EfficientNetB4 as EfficientLeafNetB4 and proved the most efficiency in the detection of the chili leaf disease detection compared to ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, MobileNet-V2 and VGG-16. Our proposed fine-tuned model produced better results as compared to the above listed techniques.

An Updated Review: Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) Chemistry and Its Diverse Applications

The beneficial nutrients and biologically active ingredients extracted from plants have received great attention in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, including hypercholesterolemic, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, edema, joint pain, weight control, eye vision problems, neuroprotective effects, and asthma. Highly active ingredients predominantly exist in fruit and cladodes, known as phytochemicals (rich contents of minerals, betalains, carbohydrates, vitamins, antioxidants, polyphenols, and taurine), which are renowned for their beneficial properties in relation to human health. Polyphenols are widely present in plants and have demonstrated pharmacological ability through their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant capacity, and the multi-role act of Opuntia ficus indica makes it suitable for current and future usage in cosmetics for moisturizing, skin improvement, and wound care, as healthful food for essential amino acids, as macro and micro elements for body growth, in building materials as an eco-friendly and sustainable material, as a bio-composite, and as an insulator. However, a more comprehensive understanding and extensive research on the diverse array of phytochemical properties of cactus pear are needed. This review therefore aims to gather and discuss the existing literature on the chemical composition and potential applications of cactus pear extracts, as well as highlight promising directions for future research on this valuable plant.

Islamic Branding: Analisis Pengaruh Brand Identity Terhadap Brand Awareness Wardah Kosmetik

This study aimed to examine the effect of Brand Identity on Brand Awareness among ASNs in Blitar Regency. The population used was 105 populations with 86 samples that fit the criteria, namely ASN and users of wardah cosmetics. Primary data is taken using a questionnaire distribution with a Likert scale of 1-5. The approach used is an associative quantitative approach. The tests carried out are validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, simple regression tests, hypothesis tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The results of this study indicate that Brand Identity has a positive and significant effect on Brand Awareness of Wardah cosmetic products by 38.4%. Keywords: Cosmetic Industry, Islamic Branding, Brand Identity, Brand Awareness

Role of Herbal Drugs in Treatment of Dermatologic Disorders: A Review

Herbal cosmetics contain phytochemicals derived from various botanical sources to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human appearance. Natural beauty is God's gift; cosmetics help sustain and enhance human beauty and personality. Recently, herbal cosmetics have gained popularity due to their inherent suitability and usefulness and fewer adverse effects than synthetic products. In this article, we highlighted the advantages, types of herbal cosmetics, toxic effects, chemicals and adverse effects of synthetic cosmetics and herbs used for dermal care. Then, we surveyed to investigate the pattern of cosmetic usage in the daily lives of people, their awareness and practices regarding caution with cosmetic use, and common side effects associated with people during cosmetic usage.

Attitude, repurchase intention and brand loyalty toward halal cosmetics

PurposeThis study aims to investigate consumer brand loyalty toward halal cosmetics using the theory of planned behavior through repurchase intention, which is primarily relying on the consumer’s attitude toward halal cosmetics. Important predictors such as trust on halal cosmetics, quality of halal cosmetics and religious beliefs of millennial Muslim female consumers shape consumer attitude.Design/methodology/approachThe present study used the quantitative research design and deductive approach to collect the data from 275 halal cosmetics users in Pakistan by using a judgmental sampling approach.FindingsFindings of the study provide useful insights for both theory and practice. The results support product quality, religious belief and trust on halal cosmetics as predictors of consumer’s attitude toward halal cosmetics that further develop consumers’ repurchase intention, which in turn enhances their overall brand loyalty. Besides, the findings also show that consumer repurchase intention has a mediating effect between consumer attitude toward halal cosmetics and consumer brand loyalty.Practical implicationsThe current study helps in advancing practitioners’ understanding of female consumers’ brand loyalty in the halal cosmetics context. This study is considered to be greatly helpful for managers to gain knowledge about how repurchase intention and brand loyalty of millennial Muslim female consumers can be developed in the halal cosmetics segment, especially in the case of Pakistan.Originality/valueBrand loyalty has been investigated by previous studies through different predictors and antecedents. This study contributes to the literature of brand loyalty by empirically examining and validating the different antecedents of consumer attitude that are accountable for creating consumer brand loyalty in the domain of halal cosmetics within the Pakistani cultural context. The current study also enhances the previous scholarly understanding on halal cosmetics by investigating the mediating role of consumer repurchase intention of halal cosmetics that further extends the discussion for both theory and practice.

Awareness level regarding adverse reactions caused by cosmetic products among female patients: A cross-sectional study.

Cosmetics have become an integral part of our daily routine. In addition to causing a wide range of dermatological disorders, cosmetic preparations can also affect internal health. Men are less likely to be impacted than women. This study aimed at determining the awareness level among female patients regarding adverse reactions caused by cosmetic products. A cross-sectional study was performed among women who visited the Dermatology department of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, from December 2020 to March 2022. The sample size included 400 respondents selected using the Convenience sampling method, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, and descriptive statistics were applied. The study found that many cosmetic users experienced negative side effects (44%). The primarily affected body site was the face (25.50%) followed by scalp and hair (10%). Products responsible for adverse events were skin care products (27.25%). Considerable percentage of patients self-medicated (22.25%) and only 15% of women consulted a dermatologist for cosmetic-related problems. Awareness regarding the possibility of cosmetic-induced adverse effects as well as the proper use of cosmetics to reduce these adverse effects is imperative. Implementation of cosmetovigilance system will help to decrease the adverse events to a certain extent.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and Monte Carlo simulation of margin of safety for octocrylene, EHMC, 2ES, and homosalate in sunscreens.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) using a floating organic drop has been optimized and used for the sample preparation of four commonly used ultraviolet filter (UVF) substances in sunscreens. Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to screen 10 variables in DLLME. The most significant variables were then optimized by using a response surface method with a Box-Behnken design. DLLME followed by an optimized HPLC identified octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl salicylate, and homosalate as the frequently found UVFs in commercial sunscreens. The systemic exposure dosage and margin of safety (MoS) for the identified UVFs were estimated using in-use concentrations and application patterns. The average systemic exposure dosage values for octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl salicylate, and homosalate were 0.52, 0.61, 0.020, and 0.079 mg/kg body weight per day, respectively. Whereas the average MoS values for individual UVFs ranging from 296 to 3160 were all significantly higher than the limit value of 100, the combined exposure risks were slightly above the limit. The probabilistic health risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the combined MoS values were (mean, 10‰, 90‰) 342, 119, and 441, respectively. Regarding the usage of sunscreen cosmetics containing the UVFs studied, these results indicate a safety concern for those who apply multiple UVF products.

Gender benders and job contenders: cosmetics in selection contexts for women and men

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to contribute to the workplace diversity literature by experimentally manipulating gender expression through the use of makeup among women and men to determine makeup's impact on interpersonal discrimination in a real-world job selection context.Design/methodology/approachIn an experimental field study, we applied either real (i.e. tinted) or placebo (i.e. transparent) cosmetic products to women and men confederate applicants. The women and men engaged in job inquiry and pre-interview conversations with store personnel in 136 retail stores across 3 shopping malls that were randomly assigned to one of 4 conditions in a 2 (confederate gender: women versus men) by 2 (cosmetic usage: real versus placebo) experimental design. The confederate applicants were accompanied by confederate observers and recorded interactions were later analyzed by naïve coders. The applicants, observers, and naïve coders rated interpersonal discrimination from store personnel in each interaction.FindingsAs hypothesized, women who enhanced their femininity through the use of makeup experienced significantly less interpersonal discrimination than women who did not. In contrast, there was no significant difference in interpersonal discrimination for men as a function of visual gender expression.Originality/valueThese findings highlight the pervasive gender norm expectations for women at work by examining gender non-conformity of women and men.

Pengaruh Brand Personality, Brand Experience, Self-Brand Connection, Brand Love & Brand Trust terhadap Brand Loyalty Kosmetik Wardah

Technological advances sharpen competition in the cosmetics industry and force companies to innovate to stay competitive continuously. The study aims to test and analyze the influence of brand personality, brand experience, self-brand connection, brand love & brand trust on the brand loyalty of Wardah Cosmetics users. This research proposes a modified research model from the previous research model, which is expected to produce a model that can predict Brand Loyalty through empirical research in the cosmetic industry. Primary data was collected from 402 Indonesian female respondents who became Wardah customers before 2021 with a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Model construction and its interrelationships were tested with partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.3.2 program. The result shows that brand personality positively affects brand experience and self-brand connection, and brand personality and brand experience affect brand love. More, brand trust, self-brand connection, brand love, and brand trust positively affect brand loyalty. The novelty proposed is the empirical research model that has never been used in predicting brand loyalty in Wardah cosmetic products, and expectedly other companies can also use this model in developing marketing strategies to increase their brand loyalty.

Do Social Media Marketing Activities Build Long-Term Relationships? An Empirical Study of Indonesian Cosmetic Brand on Gen Z

Social Media Marketing (SMM), which offers two-way communication between brand and customer, has been widely used for marketing activities as a communication channel. Drawing from the tenets of Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, the present study examined how social media marketing activities (SMMA) affect brand loyalty with brand experience and relationship quality as the mediators for Indonesian cosmetic brand. Empirical evidence was collected from 300 cosmetic users who follow specific Indonesian cosmetic brand on social media and have purchased cosmetic items from that brand. The results of structural equation modelling revealed that SMMA has a beneficial influence on brand experience and relationship quality, brand experience and relationship quality are significant mediators in the relationship between SMMA and brand loyalty, SMMA has no direct influence on brand loyalty, and brand experience significantly influences relationship quality. The findings go beyond the existing literature on Social Media Marketing Activities (SMMA) by providing a holistic model for customer behavior outcome (brand loyalty) in perceiving SMMA through brand experience and relationship quality and confirming the relationship between SMMA and brand experience to relationship quality. This research suggests that managers optimize SMMA and the brand experience dimension to improve relationship quality, significantly promoting brand loyalty for building a long-term relationship.

맞춤형샴푸 사용자 두피진단 서비스 선호 조사 연구

The cosmetics industry is one of high value-added industries, which meets a human desire for beauty.
 It includes personalized products which represent an individual’s personality and beauty. At present, however, it is hard to find information on the concept, scope and management standards of such personalized cosmetics.
 Now, there are a lot of brands in domestic cosmetics market and some difficulties in consumer approach.
 As a result, industrial growth has slowed down. Under these circumstances, this study attempted to investigate cosmetics usage patterns and preferences for scalp diagnosis services against personalized shampoo users.
 For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against the consumers in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do, and the results found the followings: When asked what aspect they consider in purchasing hair cosmetics, ‘efficacies & Effects (96 respondents, 49%)’, ‘color or fragrance (36 respondents, 49.3%)’ and ‘skin compatibility (39 respondents, 37.9%)’ were mostly responded. In overall, regular scalp diagnosis was higher than ‘customized service’, ‘warranty service’ and ‘delivery service’, which means that they wanted to check the results through scalp diagnosis. It is anticipated that the study results would improve consumers’ perception of personalized shampoo and a necessity of scalp diagnosis.

Optimization of Polysorbate 80 and Sorbitan Monooleate 80 aas Emulsifiers in Foundation Makeup Containing Ethyl Cinnamate

Cosmetic foundation is a type of decorative makeup and commonly include a sunscreen agent. Ethyl cinnamate is one of the potential organic essential oil sunscreens. Nevertheless, there is little study on ethyl cinnamate usage in cosmetics, particularly oil-in-water foundation cream. Using an emulsifier in oil-in-water foundation cream a higher concentration does not guarantee higher oil phase recovery. However, using two combinations of emulsifier such as polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleate 80 with the optimum combination can be the right solution. This study aims to optimize polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleate 80 in a cream foundation using ethyl cinnamate as an active ingredient designed to have an effective ability to protect facial skin from ultraviolet radiation and are safe to use. The optimization formulas design of the emulsifier combination in foundation cream was made using the Simplex Lattice Design method with help Design Expert version 10.0.1. Parameter optimization were the value of pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. The stability test and skin irritation test of optimum formula were also conducted. As a positive control, Revlon Colorstay Foundation as a brand cosmetic foundation was used (National Food and Drug Agency of Indonesia number : NA18140300519). The optimum ratio of polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleat 80 were 9.565 and 1.435 with the physical characteristics of pH 6.478+0.008; viscosity 5844.2+31.82 cPs; spreadability 6.16+0.11 cm; adhesion 3.346+0.14 seconds; SPF Value 22.385+0.48, and no irritation symptoms. The ethyl cinnamate foundation created was physically stable, had a pleasing look, and did not irritate the skin, making it safe to wear. It also provides efficient UV radiation protection.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWI FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM DALAM MEMBELI PRODUK KOSMETIK

Against the background of women's need for cosmetic and skin care products which are increasing and not infrequently, cosmetics are a primary need in every woman's monthly shopping. Therefore, with the increasing number of existing cosmetics. So cosmetic companies must be able to compete how to create a new innovation that can provide satisfaction for cosmetic users so that consumers can make their choices. In making these decisions, consumers will be influenced by product quality and price. Based on research results. Simultaneously there is a significant influence between product quality and price on purchasing decisions. This is obtained from the value of Fcount = 76.088 > Ftable = 2.40 with a significance value (˂0.01) less than α = 0.1 or a significance of 10%. While partially the product quality and price variables also have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. It is known that the product quality variable has a value of Tcount = 3.052 > Ttable = 1.674 with a significance value of 0.04 ˂ 0.1 Then H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a partial influence between the product quality variable (X1) on the purchase decision variable (Y). while the price variable has a Tcount = 4,449 > Ttable 1.674 with a significance value (˂0.01) less than 0.1. So it can be concluded that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a partial influence between the price variable (X2) on the purchase decision (Y).

Keagamaan Sebagai Mediator Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Persekitaran Pengguna Wanita Muslim Dengan Keputusan Pembelian Produk Kosmetik Halal

The halal cosmetics industry is an industry that is beginning to gain a place in the range of beauty products in the Malaysian market. The issue of cosmetic products categorized as timbang kilo beauty cosmetics with a percentage of scheduled poisons prompts cosmetic users in the market to look for safer products. This scenario provides an excellent opportunity for halal cosmetic products. This research found the increase in demand for halal cosmetic products is influenced by the knowledge, attitude, and environment of consumers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze whether the religious factor is capable of being a mediator in the relationship between the factors of knowledge, attitude, and consumer environment with the decision to purchase halal cosmetic products. The questionnaire was conducted online using Google Forms. The total response rate that has been received is as much as 234 people, however, after carrying out the data screening process, 33 samples are invalid respondents and have been dropped. This reduced the total sample to 201 people. Therefore, this study focuses on 201 working Muslim women in Selangor. The results of the study found the coefficient value for the religious factor as a mediator of knowledge, attitude and environment factors are 0.145 while the standard error value is 0.027. For the effect of the mediator on consumer purchase decisions on halal cosmetic products, the coefficient value is 0.117 while the standard error value is 0.049. The researcher also conducted the Sobel test. The result of the Sobel test was 2.18, with an associated P value of 0.029 falling below the set alpha level of 0.05. This shows that there is a significant relationship between the mediator with the independent variable and the dependent variable. In other words, the religious factor is confirmed as a mediator in the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. The results of this finding can be concluded that the application of religious values can influence the decision to purchase halal cosmetic products. The application of religious values in individuals encourages consumers to choose halal products as demanded in Islam.

The Effect of Celebrity Endorsers and Product Quality on Purchase Decisions Through Brand Image in AUD Face Wash at The Irian Bahagia’s Supermarket in Medan City

Modern life offers convenience and practicality to support appearance, one of which is the use of care or cosmetic products. Cosmetics are one very important thing, especially to support consumer beauty. Currently, cosmetics are a necessity that cannot be underestimated, because almost all consumers, especially women, cannot be separated from cosmetic products every day. This research was conducted to examine the effect of Celebrity Endorser image and product quality on purchasing decisions for AUD cosmetics among women in Medan. This research is motivated by cosmetics which currently have become a primary need, especially for most women. This causes the cosmetic industry to compete competitively with various strategies to attract consumers to use its products. This research uses a quantitative approach method. The population in this study were consumers of AUD cosmetics users and a sample of 96 respondents was taken. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. The data collection method uses a questionnaire method which is measured using a Likert scale. The analytical method used in this research is the validity test, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression analysis test, T-test, F-test, and determinant coefficient test (R2). Tests were carried out using SPSS. The results showed that the celebrity endorser image variable affected the purchasing decision variable by 33,8% and the brand image variable by 39,3%. While the product quality variable has an effect on 8.5% of the purchasing decision variable and it can be concluded that the brand image variable (X3) has a more dominant influence on the purchasing decision variable (Y) than the celebrity endorser (X1) and product quality (X3). The results showed the simultaneous influence of the independent variables, namely celebrity endorser, brand image and product quality on the dependent variable, namely the use satisfaction of 81.7%. While the rest is explained by other variables that are not known in this study. Keywords: Celebrity Endorser, Product Quality, Brand Image, Purchase Decision

Prevalence and Behavioral-Based Risk Factors (Eye Cosmetic and Tobacco Use) of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease in Four Middle Eastern Countries: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine.

To estimate the prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease (DED) in four Middle Eastern Countries and investigate the association between behavioral-based risk factors and severity of DED. Population-based cross-sectional study of 1463 participants from 4 Mediterranean countries (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine). The Arabic version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (ARB-OSDI) questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence and severity of symptomatic DED using an online format survey. The survey also included demographic questions and possible behavioral risk factors (tobacco and cosmetic use). One-Way ANOVA and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate the association between OSDI mean scores and behavioral-based risk factors. The prevalence of symptomatic DED (OSDI score ≥ 13) among the overall population (332 males and 1132 females) reached 70.2%. Tobacco and cosmetic users reported a higher significant prevalence and severity of symptomatic DED than non-users (p < 0.0001). Smoking habits (eg, smoking cigarettes or Ajami, smoking in closed areas, and daily smoking) were more likely to report symptomatic DED. Bad hygiene process during the use of any cosmetic product was behind the high prevalence and severity of symptomatic DED among the females of the study population. Symptomatic DED is substantial in Middle Eastern countries. It is statistically associated with cosmetic and tobacco use.

SNS Marketing’s Effect on the MZ Generation’s Vegan Cosmetics Purchasing Behavior

This study aimed to examine the generational differences in vegan cosmetics usage of the MZ generation recently emerging as the primary target group for such cosmetics and to investigate the effect of Social Networking Services (SNS) marketing on vegan cosmetics purchasing behavior. For this purpose, online and mobile surveys were conducted targeting Generation M, born between 1980 and 1995, and Generation Z, born between 1995 and 2004. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. According to the analysis results, both Generations M and Z showed a high response rate to having no experience in using vegan cosmetics, with Generation M displaying more experience than Z. Both generations showed high response rates to having experience in SNS marketing for vegan cosmetics, with Generation Z displaying more experience than M. However, both generations showed high response rates to having no purchasing experience after encountering SNS marketing for vegan cosmetics, with Generation Z displaying a lower purchasing experience than M. This means that effective SNS marketing leading to purchases for all MZ generations is needed. Additionally, reliability and information provision are the factors that positively affect vegan cosmetics purchasing behavior among SNS marketing characteristics. Therefore, marketers should develop content that can be trusted by SNS users encountering SNS marketing for vegan cosmetics and continuously provide vegan cosmetics information to affect vegan cosmetics purchasing behavior positively. Furthermore, more efficient marketing through understanding the MZ generation and targeting SNS marketing tailored to each generation in consideration of their characteristics will be needed.

Effects Of Eye Cosmetics Usage, Knowledge, Hygiene And Management Towards Dry Eye Symptoms Among University Students

Introduction: Appropriate management and knowledge are essential while using eye cosmetics as poor hygiene can cause ocular inflammation and disrupt the tear film. This study has investigated the effects of eye cosmetic usage, knowledge on the ingredients, hygiene, and management towards dry eyes symptoms. Methods: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and eye cosmetic questionnaires were distributed using a google form to 165 eligible universities’ students in Malaysia. The demographic data, eye cosmetic usage, hygiene, management, knowledge and dry eye symptoms were recorded and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U- test, with the significant value, which was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: There was no statistically significance of OSDI score between light and regular users using cosmetics products except for the pencil eyeliner, which was statistically significant, p&lt;0.05. Additionally, there was no significant difference of dry eye symptoms (OSDI score) between good and bad management p=0.730 and good and bad hygiene p=0.229 of eye cosmetics usage. Nonetheless, many cosmetic users have adequate knowledge regarding eye cosmetics ingredients. Conclusion: Discomfort is primarily caused by applying eye cosmetics close to the ocular surface, such as pencil eyeliner, which increases dry eyes’ symptoms by contaminating the tear film. Although users had sufficient knowledge of eye cosmetic ingredients, negligence towards reading labels was high. Eye cosmetics should be used with proper hygiene and management due to the proximity of application to the ocular region, as contaminated cosmetics could cause more severe symptoms of ocular discomfort and dry eyes.

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS COSMETICS AND THEIR ADVERSE REACTIONS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL, PHARMACY, AND PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the knowledge, practice, and pattern of cosmetic use and their adverse reactions amongst medical, pharmacy, and physiotherapy undergraduates. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted among 202 2nd-year medical (113), Pharmacy (51), and Physiotherapy (38) students of KIMS, Bangalore, India for a period of 1 month. Results obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: About 75.2% of students were aware of cosmetics and their adverse reactions, still 36.7% of students will continue using them because they were convinced about them. Pharmacy students had less knowledge of the animal, alternate testing, and preventive measures compared to medical and physiotherapy students. Overall n=71, (35.1%) of students had adverse reactions from cosmetic usage, the most common product being fairness cream and the adverse reactions include itching, acne, and rashes. Conclusion: Overall, the undergraduate medical, pharmacy, and physiotherapy students had good insight and practice toward cosmetics and their adverse reactions, nevertheless the awareness of pharmacy students was comparatively less than medical and physiotherapy students. Hence, educational intervention on the effective, safe, and proper use of cosmetics in the future needs to be implemented especially among pharmacy students.