User Attention Research Articles

Analysis of Language Strategies in the Digital Promotion of the Mulyosari Group Through Instagram Media

The research data consists of 10 Instagram content from several brands under Mulyosari Group. The analysis was conducted by paying attention to the use of language, communication style, and promotional strategies applied in Instagram content. The results of this study show that the language strategy used in digital promotion at the Mulyosari Group company through Instagram media involves the use of foreign languages, creative, simple, and interesting language. The language used tends to be informal and adopts a more relaxed communication style to attract the attention of Instagram users, the majority of whom are the younger generation

Visual cues in VR for guiding attention vs. restoring attention after a short distraction

Distraction in VR training environments may be mitigated with a visual cue intended to guide user attention to a target. A survey of related literature suggests a past focus on “search and selection” tasks to evaluate a cue’s capability for guidance. We investigate the capability of 9 eye-tracked cues with a new type of task that focuses on how to restore attention when a short distraction (e.g., a notification) shifts focus away from a target. Our study includes a guidance task in which subjects gaze at objects in a randomized order and a restoration task in which gaze sequences are interrupted by distraction events after which gaze must be returned to an object. We consider a wider variety of factors and metrics than previous studies, varying object spacing, gaze dwell time, and distraction distance and duration, and breaking down guidance time into subcomponents. Results show a general positive trend for cues that directly connect the user’s gaze to the target rather than indirectly suggesting direction. Results further reveal different patterns of cue effectiveness for the restoration task than for conventional guidance. This may be attributed to knowledge that subjects have about the location of the object from which they were distracted. An implication for more complex distraction tasks is that we expect them to be between the short distraction and regular guidance in terms of memory of object position. So, we speculate cue performance for other tasks would vary between the short distraction and guidance results. For restoration, some cues add complexity that reduces, rather than improves, performance.

A History of the Privileges of the Qur'an and Magical Receptions of it: A Concise Review of the Book of Wedha Mantra by Sang Indrajati

The material object of this article is the magical reception of the Qur'an described in the Wedha Mantra by Sang Indrajati. The academic problem proposed is the distance between the Qur'an as an Arabic holy book and the Indonesian people who are far from the Arab country and are not Arabic speakers. This distancing gives rise to the phenomenon of magical reception. As a brief reading, the method used is a textological study by tracing its discursive tradition through hadith literature. The findings in this article are threefold. First, in the hadith literature, the issue of the privileges of the Qur'an still pays attention to the harmony and content of the text. Second, when the Qur'an penetrates the world far from the area of decline, the potential for perception beyond its textual function becomes very significant. The user's attention is precisely on the harmony of the sound aspect and the desired desire. Third, magical worship of the Qur'an is carried out in the interest of fulfilling the psycho-biological needs of the worshipper.

Measuring digital literacy with eye tracking: an examination of skills and performance based on user gaze

PurposeThis study presents an innovative approach to analyzing user behavior when performing digital tasks by integrating eye-tracking technology. Through the measurement of user scan patterns, gaze and attention during task completion, the authors gain valuable insights into users' approaches and execution of these tasks.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, the authors conducted an observational study that centered on assessing the digital skills of individuals with limited proficiency who enrolled in a computer introductory course. A group of 19 participants were tasked with completing various online assignments both before and after completing the course.FindingsThe study findings indicate a significant improvement in participants' skills, particularly in basic and straightforward applications. However, advancements in more sophisticated utilization, such as mastering efficient search techniques or harnessing the Internet for enhanced situational awareness, demonstrate only marginal enhancement.Originality/valueIn recent decades, extensive research has been conducted on the issue of digital inequality, given its significant societal implications. This paper introduces a novel tool designed to analyze digital inequalities and subsequently employs it to evaluate the effectiveness of “LEHAVA,” the largest government-sponsored program aimed at mitigating these disparities in Israel.

Research on Virtual Reality Experience and User Behavior from the Perspective of Psychology

Virtual reality (VR) technology has attracted a lot of attention in many fields, including entertainment, healthcare, education and industrial applications. As technology continues to advance, VR has become a powerful tool for psychological research to delve deeper into human cognition, emotion, and behavior. This thesis aims to study the relationship between virtual reality experience and user behavior from the perspective of psychology. By combining virtual reality technology and psychological theory, we explore how virtual reality affects users' perceptual, emotional, and cognitive processes, as well as users' behavior in virtual environments. We first review the development of virtual reality technology, including its definition, technical composition and application areas. We then propose a theoretical framework of psychology to explain the psychological mechanisms of virtual reality experience. This includes important concepts such as perception, attention, emotion, and cognitive load, which play a key role in understanding user behavior and experience in virtual reality. The experience of virtual reality includes not only visual and auditory perception, but also the emotional experience and physical perception of the user. We'll delve into how virtual reality creates immersion, evokes emotions, and changes the user's physical perception. At the same time, we will focus on the user's behavior in the virtual environment, including their actions, interactions and reactions. The research method is an important part of exploring virtual reality experience and user behavior. We will cover experimental design, data acquisition tools, and analytical methods to help researchers delve deeper into this area. In the empirical research section of this paper, we will present a series of specific studies that demonstrate how virtual reality affects user attention, emotion, cognition, and behavior. These studies will provide insights that will help us better understand the psychological effects of virtual reality. Finally, in the discussion and conclusion section, we will summarize the findings, discuss their connection to psychological theory, and make suggestions for future research. These studies are not only of great significance to the field of psychology, but also provide strong support for the application and improvement of virtual reality technology.

Evaluating Semantic and Personalized Information Retrieval with Deep Learning Models: A Performance Metrics Analysis

Evaluation of the Information Retrieval (IR) model is an important, complex process that involves evaluating many aspects of performance using quantitative measurements called evaluation metrics. This work explores the efficacy of Deep learning (DL) models in personalized and semantic information retrieval (SIR), an area that has witnessed significant advancements in the last few years. A thorough analysis of several DL models for search engine index retrieval is provided. The particular task, relevant standards, and desirable qualities, among others, influence the use of evaluation metrics in IR. A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of an IR system uses several metrics. The paper emphasizes how DL models can produce IR results that are more accurate, with an emphasis on choosing important metrics for evaluation. Among these metrics, on a given input query, a recall of 1.0 indicates full coverage in detecting pertinent cases, while a precision of 0.5 indicates 50% accuracy in positive predictions on a given input query. At 0.6667, the F1-score strikes a compromise between recall and precision. The model's ability to rank and prioritize is assessed by Mean Average Precision (MAP) at 0.5426 and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) at 0.8896. Precision in the top 5 suggestions is evaluated by Precision@5, which has a value of 0.6. This is important in situations where user attention or recommendation space are restricted. These measurements offer priceless information on the efficacy of IR models.

Practical utility of a head-mounted gaze-directed beamforming system.

Assistive auditory devices that enhance signal-to-noise ratio must follow the user's changing attention; errors could lead to the desired source being suppressed as noise. A method for measuring the practical benefit of attention-following speech enhancement is described and used to show a benefit for gaze-directed beamforming over natural binaural hearing. First, participants watched a recorded video conference call between two people with six additional interfering voices in different directions. The directions of the target voices corresponded to the spatial layout of their video streams. A simulated beamformer was yoked to the participant's gaze direction using an eye tracker. For the control condition, all eight voices were spatially distributed in a simulation of unaided binaural hearing. Participants completed questionnaires on the content of the conversation, scoring twice as high in the questionnaires for the beamforming condition. Sentence-by-sentence intelligibility was then measured using new participants who viewed the same audiovisual stimulus for each isolated sentence. Participants recognized twice as many words in the beamforming condition. The results demonstrate the potential practical benefit of gaze-directed beamforming for hearing aids and illustrate how detailed intelligibility data can be retrieved from an experiment that involves behavioral engagement in an ongoing listening task.

Analysis of the Saliency of Color-Based Dichoptic Cues in Optical See-Through Augmented Reality.

In a future of pervasive augmented reality (AR), AR systems will need to be able to efficiently draw or guide the attention of the user to visual points of interest in their physical-virtual environment. Since AR imagery is overlaid on top of the user's view of their physical environment, these attention guidance techniques must not only compete with other virtual imagery, but also with distracting or attention-grabbing features in the user's physical environment. Because of the wide range of physical-virtual environments that pervasive AR users will find themselves in, it is difficult to design visual cues that "pop out" to the user without performing a visual analysis of the user's environment, and changing the appearance of the cue to stand out from its surroundings. In this article, we present an initial investigation into the potential uses of dichoptic visual cues for optical see-through AR displays, specifically cues that involve having a difference in hue, saturation, or value between the user's eyes. These types of cues have been shown to be preattentively processed by the user when presented on other stereoscopic displays, and may also be an effective method of drawing user attention on optical see-through AR displays. We present two user studies: one that evaluates the saliency of dichoptic visual cues on optical see-through displays, and one that evaluates their subjective qualities. Our results suggest that hue-based dichoptic cues or "Forbidden Colors" may be particularly effective for these purposes, achieving significantly lower error rates in a pop out task compared to value-based and saturation-based cues.

Choosing to Discover the Unknown: The Effects of Choice on User Attention to Online Video Advertising

Online video platforms face the challenge of balancing the needs of their users with those of their advertisers. Although users typically prefer to have less intrusive ads, advertisers aim to effectively catch user attention. This paper investigates how the provision of ad choice affects the effectiveness of video advertising. We argue that allowing users to choose an ad to view may trigger a “conjecture-formation-and-confirmation” process that motivates users to pay more attention to the selected ad. Two online experiments and four laboratory experiments are conducted to test the theorized underlying mechanism of the ad choice effect. Study 1 finds when users are unfamiliar (versus familiar) with the content of ad options (i.e., they need to make conjectures about ad content), ad choice is more likely to increase user attention to the chosen ad. Study 2 and Study 3 show that the impact of ad choice on user attention is more likely to be positive when users are enabled to make conjectures about ad content, such as when choice options provide more relevant information about ad content. Study 4a and Study 4b provide more direct support for the underlying mechanism by showing that the ad choice effect is attenuated when users cannot form conjectures about ad content at the choice stage. Study 5 further demonstrates that the positive effect of ad choice is robust across different ad settings. Taken together, these studies show ad choice is more likely to boost the effectiveness of video advertising when the “conjecture-formation-and-confirmation” process is triggered. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71702126, 72022008 and 72372112], the University Research Committee of the University of Hong Kong [Grant 201905159007], HKU Education Consulting (Shenzhen) [Theme-Based Research Fund SZRI2023-TBRF-02], and the Research Grant Council Hong Kong [Project 17502921]. Supplemental Material: The data and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.03291 .

A study on classifying Stack Overflow questions based on difficulty by utilizing contextual features

Technical question-answering sites like Stack Overflow are gaining enormous attention from practitioners of specialized fields looking to exchange their programming knowledge. They ask questions on different topics with varying degrees of complexity and difficulty. All practitioners do not have the same level of expertise on those topics to respond to such questions. However, the current approach used by Stack Overflow mostly filters questions based on topics alone and does not take difficulty into account. For this reason, a large percentage of questions fail to attract the attention of appropriate users, resulting in questions having no answer or a significant delay in response time. To address these limitations, we incorporate three models, TF-IDF, LDA, and Doc2Vec, to extract semantic and context-dependent features that can measure the difficulty of questions. Each of these models is paired with different classifiers along with other features to classify the questions based on difficulty. Extensive experiments on three different datasets exhibit the effectiveness of our models, and Doc2Vec outperforms the other models. We also identified that the contextual features are correlated with question difficulty, and one subset of features outperforms others. The proposed approach can be beneficial for building an automatic tagger based on question difficulty.

226 Measuring Agricultural Means of Influence on Young Adults Via Instagram in the United States

Abstract The way society consumes information has changed drastically, and the agricultural industry is fighting to remain a part of the media landscape. With the gradual death of print news and the rise of social media (SM) consumption by young adults (Twenge et al., 2019), this leaves the questions of where do young consumers get new information and how do pro-agriculture voices successfully communicate scientific agricultural topics with them? With extremist activist voices on Instagram gripping the attentions of young adult SM users, opposing voices of influence sharing scientific and pro-agriculture messages seem to be missing. Social media influencers (SMIs), of which can be found on the SM platform Instagram, serve as “third party endorsers” who impact the feelings and opinions of audiences such as young consumers or SM users through content shared on SM. We sought to perform an evaluation of the impact established agricultural SMIs on Instagram can have on changing the perceived knowledge of participants regarding several different agricultural topics. Participants were recruited through the platform ProlificTM and were asked to complete an anonymous survey. Survey questions were asked both prior to participants being shown example images of agricultural SMIs and afterwards. Data collected were analyzed utilizing SPSS to compare pre-image and post-image results to determine the impact of contents on perceived knowledge participants on subjects relating to agriculture. Results indicated significant differences (P < .05) between the pre-image and post-image perceived knowledge results, as well as between different forms of reported engagement willingness. Future research should be conducted to determine what forms of content best reach nonagricultural target audience members and best practices for interacting on SM with those users.

Definition of guidelines for virtual reality application design based on visual attention

AbstractIn virtual reality applications, head-mounted displays allow users to explore virtual surroundings, thus creating a high sense of immersion. However, due to the novelty of the technology and the possibility of freely enjoying a $$360^\circ $$ 360 ∘ virtual world, users can get distracted and divert their attention from the content of the application. In this work, we define a set of guidelines for the design of virtual reality applications for enhancing the users’ attention. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to provide general guidelines for virtual application design based on visual attention. More specifically, we analyze the different categories of factors that contribute to the user’s responsiveness and define a set of experiments for measuring the user’s promptness with respect to visual stimuli with different features and in the presence of audio/visual distractions. Experimental tests have been carried out with 36 volunteers. The users’ reaction time has been recorded and the performed analysis allowed the definition of a set of guidelines based on individual, operational, and technological factors for the design of virtual reality applications optimized in terms of user attention. In particular, statistical tests demonstrated that the presence of distractions leads to significantly different reaction times with respect to the case of no distractions, and that users belonging to different age intervals have significantly different behaviors. Moreover, the optimal placement of objects has been identified and the impact of cybersickness has been analyzed.

Viral cartographies and fake maps on social media platforms

The Internet and social media have made a considerable contribution to the accelerated circulation and diffusion of information. News about people, things, and events frequently spread rapidly without a verification of their truthfulness and open space for fake news and “alternative facts”. This also refers to maps that are posted on platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram and frequently draw the attention of users and provoke reactions. In this context, the aim of this paper is to discuss maps posted on the Internet in post-truth times and in the light of a critical reading of reality. The paper discusses characteristics of these viral cartographies and fake maps and analyzes maps uploaded to and spread by cartography-themed online platforms. These examples show the reactivity of maps as arguments and ways of world-making that go far beyond the mere graphic representation of a theme or fact, that merge with political worldviews, moral values and cultural prejudice, and require new methodologies for map studies.

Application of sensor technology in grasping and preprocessing of network hotspot information propagation

The rapid dissemination of hot information on the Internet has become a common phenomenon in today's society. Traditional methods of information capture and preprocessing often require a lot of manpower and material resources, and the captured information has low timeliness and accuracy. The purpose of this paper was to use sensor technology to find and locate network hotspots in time. By collecting user generated content, social media data, news reports, etc., the data is analyzed and mined to identify popular topics and events. In terms of information capture, sensor technology can monitor and understand user activities, the popularity of posts, emotional tendencies, user attention, user interaction, etc., through information monitoring. Network data was collected, such as network latency, data loss rate, and bandwidth utilization. Sensor technology was used to collect social media data to understand the level of public attention to hot events. In information preprocessing, sensor technology was used to remove noise and redundant information in data to ensure data quality. The data were labeled and classified, and the information dissemination rules of network hotspot were analyzed in depth. The average capture accuracy of Method 1 for Hotspot 1, Hotspot 2, and Hotspot 3 was 72.11%, 71.81%, and 72.54%, respectively. The average capture accuracy of Method 2 for Hotspot 1, Hotspot 2, and Hotspot 3 was 82.55%, 83.14%, and 82.91%, respectively. When the data was 40, 80, and 120, the preprocessing times of Method 1 for Post 1 were 8.81 s, 15.47 s, and 18.77 s, respectively. The preprocessing times of Method 2 for Post 1 were 5.97 s, 7.80 s, and 9.25 s, respectively. The application of sensor technology in the capture and preprocessing of network hot information dissemination has brought a variety of innovations, including multi-modal data acquisition, real-time monitoring and analysis, user behavior analysis, data cleaning and integration, anomaly detection and early warning, intelligent recommendation and personalized service, etc., thus improving the accuracy, real-time and personalized degree of information acquisition.

The effect of icon patterns on user attention and memory

This study explored the impact of icon patterns, position, composition, and congruence on user attention and recognition memory for single-row icon sets. Four patterns of an icon set were experimentally tested: plane congruent (plane-plane-plane, PPP), plane incongruent (line-plane-line, LPL), line congruent (line-line-line, LLL), and line incongruent (plane-line-plane, PLP). For attention, this study found no significant difference between LLL and PPP. Furthermore, the combination of plane-based and line-based icons (LPL) was most suitable for user attention. For recognition memory, icon sets with plane-based targets (PPP or LPL) were more recognizable than those with line-based targets (LLL or PLP), and PLP was the least recognizable. Overall, the LPL pattern best attracted attention and enhanced subsequent memory. For evenly distributed cognition, a PPP pattern was recommended. The findings of this study can provide guidance for designing graphical user interfaces with multiple icons (e.g., navigation bars and tab bars).

Basics of Biophilic Design and Iranian Garden

One of the critical themes in architecture that brings about comfort and calm for people is the interaction between man and the environment. Nature is now regarded as a cultural heritage in all nations due to the physical and mental necessity for man to interact with it. Historically, gardening has been one of the humans' methods to carry out this significant heritage. The biophilic hypothesis aims to reunite man and nature and return this lost contact. This research compares the perspectives of the Iranian and biophilic gardens to nature and humans to better understand these two crucial concerns. The Iranian garden is one of the oldest gardening models in the world and has been in use for many years. The study's descriptive-analytical research approach was used using documents and library resources. For this reason, it first discusses the biophilic design and its components. It explains the theoretical underpinnings of the Iranian garden, after which it compares and analyzes the information data in the findings section. The study's findings indicate that the biophilic theory and the Iranian garden share similar principles for appreciating and relating to nature and humanity. However, regarding the results, these two follow different paths. Biophilic focuses on issues related to physical and mental health. In contrast, the Iranian garden also considers the user's attention to the world of meaning and the promised paradise in addition to his physical and psychological needs.

PERANCANGAN UI/UX APLIKASI “DENGERIN” BERBASIS MOBILE MENGGUNAKAN METODE DESIGN THINKING

Changes in people's lifestyles are caused by the ease of use of technology, especially in the entertainment sector. In the field of entertainment, music is certainly no stranger to society, from children to parents. With digital advances and internet technology, music can be heard by millions of music lovers from all over the world. Music applications can increase interest and attract user attention to continue using them or diminish because they are bored using them. Problems that often occur when listening to music include not being user friendly, prices are quite expensive especially for students or students and also the services provided are less attractive. This study aims to find out how to increase user interest and keep it interesting using a music application. Therefore, the author tries to design a music application, namely the Dengerin Application. This design uses the Design Thinking method because it can produce creative solutions. In testing using a usability testing system with a score of 77,5. The result of this research is the design of mobile-based “Dengerin” application interface ehich was designed using figma.

Attention marketing in fragmented entertainment: How advertising embedding influences purchase decision in short-form video apps

Advertising during short-form videos (SFVs) to take advantage of users' fragmented attention provides a new touchpoint to reach potential consumers, while the unique elements of attention-based purchase mechanism is still unclear. Drawing on sociotechnical systems theory and PLS modeling on 398 samples, this study examines how the social and technological affordances of SFV apps capture user attention by triggering a desire to postpone closure, thereby reducing users’ defensive judgments about advertising and stimulating potential passive demands. In addition, we find that the transition from purchase intention to purchase behavior on the SFV platform is negatively moderated by brand familiarity, which differs from that found in conventional human-computer interaction and online shopping. The findings provide managerial insights for sustainable operations, advertising strategies, and e-commerce integration of SFV platforms.

Digitally nudging users to explore off-profile recommendations: here be dragons

In many application domains of recommender systems, e.g., on media streaming sites, one main goal of the provider of the recommendation service is to increase the engagement of users by helping them discover new types of content they like. Standard collaborative filtering algorithms by design often lead to a certain level of discovery. Nonetheless, in certain domains, it may be helpful to more actively promote content to users beyond their past preference profile (“off-profile”) and thereby help users explore new content. However, when showing such off-profile content to users in combination with more familiar content, the new content items may be overlooked. In this research, we explore to what extent digital nudging, i.e., subtly directing user choices in a specific direction, can help to raise the attention and interest of users for off-profile content. We conducted a user study (N=1064\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N=1064$$\\end{document}) on a real-world social book recommendation app. We find that users who are nudged towards recommended books of their non-preferred genres significantly more often put these off-profile books on their reading lists, thus confirming the effectiveness of digital nudging in this application. However, we also found that digital nudges may negatively impact the users’ beliefs and attitudes towards the system and a more limited intention to use the system in the future. As a result, we find that digital nudging in recommendations, while effective in the short run, must be done with due care, keeping an eye on the overall quality perceptions by users and potentially harmful long-term effects.

Modeling the mindfulness people's function based on the recognition of biometric parameters by artificial intelligence elements

The subject matter of this article is the processes of modeling the function of attentiveness of users of critical applications on the basis of recognition of biometric parameters by elements of artificial intelligence. The goal is the development and software implementation of mechanisms for monitoring the work of employees of responsible professions, which, based on the analysis of information from a webcam online, monitor the presence of the employee's focus on the active zone of the critical application and the absence of unauthorized persons near the computer. The tasks to be solved are as follows: to determine a list of factors, the presence of which must be constantly checked to control the focus of the employee's attention on the active zone of the critical application and the absence of unauthorized persons near the computer; to choose the optimal technology for reading and primary processing of information from webcams online, for further use in solving the task; to develop mechanisms for monitoring certain factors, the presence of which must be constantly checked to control the presence of the employee's focus on the active zone of the critical application and the absence of unauthorized persons near the computer; and to programmatically implement the developed mechanisms using the object-oriented programming language Python. The methods used were artificial neural networks, 3D facial modeling, and landmark mapping. The following results were obtained. A list of factors has been identified, the presence of which must be constantly checked to monitor the presence of employee's attention in the active zone of critical use and the absence of unauthorized persons near the computer. On the basis of the analysis of modern technologies for reading and primary processing of information from online webcams, technologies implemented in the MediaPipe library were selected for further use in solving the problem. Mechanisms have been developed for monitoring certain factors, the presence of which must be constantly checked to monitor the presence of employees in the active zone of critical use and the absence of unauthorized persons near the computer. The object-oriented programming language Python is software-implemented using the MediaPipe library, mechanisms are developed and, based on the results of the experiments, the expediency of its use for solving the problem is proved. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: we have formed a list of factors, the presence of which must be constantly checked to monitor the presence of employee's attention in the active zone of critical application, the absence of unauthorized persons near the computer, and improved facial recognition technologies, which allows us to obtain a solution to the problem of monitoring the attention of users of critical applications in non-ideal conditions.