User Operation Research Articles

Viable Email Attacks and a Simple End-to-End Security Solution

Many attacks, scams, and malware threats are based on or spread through emails nowadays. Although people have been fighting against them with technical and legal measures for many years, the situation has not improved. It seems to be getting worse and worse. We attribute this to lack of end-to-end security measures for emails in current internet infrastructure. Most past security solutions provide either in-domain authentication, or domain-to-domain authentication. Available end-to-end solutions are based on public key cryptography and have many limitations. In this paper, we propose a simple end-to-end solution for email security. It is based on the idea of trust chain from sender to receiver, which spans multiple domains and organizations without the requirement of a uniform platform. On the client-end, it is transparent to the user without requirement of any user operation. The solution provides end-to-end authentication and integrity for its users, which is hard to achieve or use in existing works.

Design of Intelligent Nursing Bed Based on Internet of Things + Technology

With the advent of social aging, the development of intelligent multifunctional nursing beds that are suitable for hospitals, nursing homes, homes and the like has a wide range of applications, this paper presents an intelligent nursing bed design based on Internet of Things technology. The design uses STM32F103 as the central processor. The design is divided into nursing bed module based on tri-fold structure, central control module based on data processing, weight scale module based on weight detection, power supply module based on system power supply and host computer module based on user operation. The design uses a closed control mode, greatly improving the bed control accuracy. Experimental tests showed that under the action of the intelligent control bed control system, the error rate of bed position information driven bedboard can be less than 2%, which has high accuracy and stability.

Application of Gestalt psychology in product human-machine Interface design

Objective Studying the application of Gestalt psychology in product human-machine interface design. Methods The 5 principles of proximity, similarity, closure, continuity and symmetry in Gestalt psychology are analyzed by different human-machine interface design cases. Conclusion The proximity principle and the similarity principle are related to the tendency of trying to group the objects. The closed principle and the continuity principle are related to the tendency to try to give the object a complete form. And the symmetry principle is related to the attempt to simplify the figure to make it conform to the human visual habits. The Gestalt principle allows the information on the interface to be presented in groups and in a complete way. It helps designers to understand the visual rules of human beings, to grasp the perception structure of things on the whole, and to organize, simplify and unify the display and operation devices in the design of the human-machine interface, so that the interface is more coordinated and easy to understand, so as to facilitate user operation and improve the efficiency of human-machine system.

DYNAMIC COMPUTATION OF HAPTIC-ROBOT DEVICES FOR CONTROL OF A SURGICAL TRAINING SYSTEM

This paper presents a new control model of the haptic device for the closed loop teleoperation of a minimal surgery training system. Dynamics of a 6-DOF parallel haptic device is computed and compensated to make a decoupled linearization control model. In teleoperation system, the master is the 6-DOF haptic device and the slave is the 6-DOF serial robot. The master haptic device provides the trajectories for the slave serial robot through the operation of user’s hand on the steering handle while the slave robot sends feedback forces on its end effector to the master controller in order to generate forces/moments on the steering handle of haptic master. In this manner the user’s hand will feel the forces/moments as the same those of the robot end effector. The feeling force tracking performances of system can be improved by using dynamic compensation and decoupled linearization controller based on fuzzy PID algorithms. Experiment results indicate that the dynamic compensation and fuzzy control can improve the control performances effectively.

ID30B - a versatile beamline for macromolecular crystallography experiments at the ESRF.

ID30B is an undulator-based high-intensity, energy-tuneable (6.0-20 keV) and variable-focus (20-200 µm in diameter) macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamline at the ESRF. It was the last of the ESRF Structural Biology Group's beamlines to be constructed and commissioned as part of the ESRF's Phase I Upgrade Program and has been in user operation since June 2015. Both a modified microdiffractometer (MD2S) incorporating an in situ plate screening capability and a new flexible sample changer (the FlexHCD) were specifically developed for ID30B. Here, the authors provide the current beamline characteristics and detail how different types of MX experiments can be performed on ID30B (http://www.esrf.eu/id30b).

Experiences with the SRF Gun II for User Operation at the ELBE Radiation Source

Experiences with the SRF Gun II for User Operation at the ELBE Radiation Source

User behavior discovery from low‐level software execution log

During the execution of software, its execution log can be recorded. This provides valuable information on software runtime analysis, based on which software developers and vendors can find useful insights into how users behave and enable software usability improvements. However, the recorded software execution log usually is in such a fine granularity (usually in the method‐call level) that it cannot reflect real user behavior explicitly. To this end, we propose a supervised learning approach to detect high‐level user operation behavior from low‐level software execution log. More specifically, we first construct a behavioral pattern (represented by Petri nets) for each user operation. Then, we apply an alignment‐based matching approach which takes a set of behavior patterns and a software execution log as input to generate an abstract user operation log. Next, existing process discovery approaches are used to discover user behavior model from the obtained user operation log. The proposed approaches are supported by tools implemented in the open‐source process mining toolkit ProM. By experimental analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed approach facilitates the discovery of insightful user behavior with high accuracy from the software execution log. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Parameter Optimization of PAL-XFEL Injector

A photoinjector is used as the electron source to generate a high peak current and low emittance beam for an X-ray free electron laser (FEL). The beam emittance is one of the critical parameters to determine the FEL performance together with the slice energy spread and the peak current. The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) was constructed in 2015, and the beam commissioning was carried out in spring 2016. The injector is running routinely for PAL-XFEL user operation. The operational parameters of the injector have been optimized experimentally, and these are somewhat different from the originally designed ones. Therefore, we study numerically the injector parameters based on the empirically optimized parameters and review the present operating condition.

SLS-2 - the upgrade of the Swiss Light Source.

An upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) is planned for 2021-2024 and includes the exchange of the existing storage ring by a new one providing about 40-50 times lower emittance in user operation mode. This will extend the performance of SLS in particular in the fields of coherent imaging, full-field tomography, soft X-ray angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. A science case and a conceptual design for the machine have been established. As a summary of these reports, the novel lattice design, undulator developments and scientific highlights are presented.

Upgrade of macromolecular crystallography beamline BL17U1 at SSRF

Beamline BL17U1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is an energy-tunable macromolecular crystallography beamline that has been in user operation since 2009. Growing demand from the user community for a small beam and related experimental methods have motivated upgrades of the devices in the endstation. Minibeam modes have already been developed for operation. A self-integrated diffractometer reduces the sphere of confusion of the rotatory axis to 1 µm. The new diffractometer is equipped with an upgraded on-axis viewing system that can improve the resolving power. Additionally, the area detector was also upgraded to the newest generation of detectors, the EIGER X 16M, which can collect data at 133 Hz. After these upgrades, the endstation became virtually new. This paper covers the upgrade of the endstation devices and gives the first data collection results.

QUOKKA, the pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the OPAL Research Reactor, Australia: design, performance, operation and scientific highlights

QUOKKA is a 40 m pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instrument in routine user operation at the OPAL research reactor at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Operating with a neutron velocity selector enabling variable wavelength, QUOKKA has an adjustable collimation system providing source–sample distances of up to 20 m. Following the large-area sample position, a two-dimensional 1 m2 position-sensitive detector measures neutrons scattered from the sample over a secondary flight path of up to 20 m. Also offering incident beam polarization and analysis capability as well as lens focusing optics, QUOKKA has been designed as a general purpose SANS instrument to conduct research across a broad range of scientific disciplines, from structural biology to magnetism. As it has recently generated its first 100 publications through serving the needs of the domestic and international user communities, it is timely to detail a description of its as-built design, performance and operation as well as its scientific highlights. Scientific examples presented here reflect the Australian context, as do the industrial applications, many combined with innovative and unique sample environments.

Data-Prefetching Scheme Based on Playback Delay and Positioning Satisfaction in Peer-To-Peer Video-On-Demand System.

As one of the most important applications in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, the video-on-demand (VoD) system freely supports video cassette recorder (VCR) operation for users. However, the users may experience significant playback delay after frequent VCR operations in the VoD system, which will affect the quality of experience (QoE) of the users. Hence, selecting an appropriate data-prefetching strategy to support better VCR operation is an important approach to improve the QoE. This paper proposes a data-prefetching strategy (DSA) to determine the most suitable anchor interval by considering the playback delay and positioning satisfaction. According to the DSA, we use the multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) theory to model the selection of intervals of prefetching data blocks (i.e., anchor interval) and the technique for ordering preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) algorithm to solve the MADM. The simulation results show that the DSA strategy obtains higher positioning satisfaction than the existing schemes, which is approximately 60% higher than the anchor points, popular parts of video, and user interests (API)-based method. Moreover, with the increase in network bandwidth, the DSA strategy can minimize the playback delay after VCR operation using relative few extra bandwidths.

Time-of-Flight Neutron Imaging on IMAT@ISIS: A New User Facility for Materials Science

The cold neutron imaging and diffraction instrument IMAT at the second target station of the pulsed neutron source ISIS is currently being commissioned and prepared for user operation. IMAT will enable white-beam neutron radiography and tomography. One of the benefits of operating on a pulsed source is to determine the neutron energy via a time of flight measurement, thus enabling energy-selective and energy-dispersive neutron imaging, for maximizing image contrasts between given materials and for mapping structure and microstructure properties. We survey the hardware and software components for data collection and image analysis on IMAT, and provide a step-by-step procedure for operating the instrument for energy-dispersive imaging using a two-phase metal test object as an example.

Midblock Signalled Pedestrian Crossing - Alternative Controller Algorithms

Observation at midblock signalled pedestrian crossings in Malaysia showed thatviolation of the red signal aspect by both the motorists and pedestrians is close to70 %. Motorists may travel on the red signal aspect when there is no pedestrianon the crossing. Pedestrians are also observed to cross in vehicle gaps at thecrossings during the right of way to vehicles. Such behaviour is dangerousespecially at a system where the traffic movements rely on the signal aspectsshown to them. Four alternative algorithms were designed in order to enhancethe operation and safety of users at the midblock signalled pedestrian crossings inMalaysia. The objectives are to increase pedestrian safety and drivers compliancewith the signal. The developed strategies required detectors to register the vehicleand pedestrian demands. Algorithms were designed to compute the appropriatetime to start and terminate the vehicle and pedestrian precedence. The appliedcomputation aimed to limit vehicle delay and to ensure that vehicle saturationflow does not exceed 85 % of the road capacity. Apart from the vehicle demands,the developed strategies also attempt to emphasis on the requirement and limitsof pedestrian behaviour. Four measures of performance are compared andevaluated. These measures are the percentage of vehicles crossing on the redman, pedestrian mean delay, mean cycle times and vehicle mean delay. Themeasures of performance of all algorithms are evaluated using a fully calibratedand validated simulation program. All of the new strategies increase thepedestrian compliance and balance. This indicates that the present system doesnot respond satisfactorily to the gaps in vehicle flow and may contribute to theusers disrespect of the system.

FingerAuth: 3D magnetic finger motion pattern based implicit authentication for mobile devices

Smart devices, as the most widely used platforms for the mobile cyber–physical system (CPS) applications, such as smart home and health care systems, are becoming the prime targets of various attackers for users’ considerable private and confidential data in them. To fight against side channel attacks aiming to obtain credentials, e.g., passwords, during the process of user authentication, touch pattern based implicit authentication has been proposed. However, such a defensive technique fails to obtain an entire pattern of user operation by deriving user operation data via a touch-enabled screen. Considering that user operations, including on-screen and in-air finger movements, are performed in three-dimensional (3D) space, we propose a novel 3D magnetic finger motion pattern based implicit authentication technique, referred to as FingerAuth. To use FingerAuth, a user operates on her mobile device, e.g., texting a message and browsing websites, with a magnetic ring on the finger she uses. With the help of a built-in three-axis magnetometer on the mobile device, we can derive the 3D magnetic finger motion pattern as a human behavioral feature for implicitly authenticating the user. By using machine learning techniques, a robust 3D magnetic finger motion pattern detection model can be constructed. Two rounds of usability tests are conducted for the evaluation of FingerAuth. In the initial usability test targeting a given group of smart device users, we test the uniqueness of the proposed trait in typing scenario, achieving high average accuracy of 96.38%, low average false acceptance rate (FAR) of 4.06%, and false rejection rate (FRR) of 3.18%. In the second user usability test, we further evaluate the permanence of 3D finger motion pattern in multiple user–device interaction scenarios. There is an interim of two-week period between the training data collection phase and the testing data collection phase. The results of the high accuracy of over 80%, as well as the FAR and FRR of below 15%, indicate the applicability of FingerAuth.

Specim IQ: Evaluation of a New, Miniaturized Handheld Hyperspectral Camera and Its Application for Plant Phenotyping and Disease Detection.

Hyperspectral imaging sensors are promising tools for monitoring crop plants or vegetation in different environments. Information on physiology, architecture or biochemistry of plants can be assessed non-invasively and on different scales. For instance, hyperspectral sensors are implemented for stress detection in plant phenotyping processes or in precision agriculture. Up to date, a variety of non-imaging and imaging hyperspectral sensors is available. The measuring process and the handling of most of these sensors is rather complex. Thus, during the last years the demand for sensors with easy user operability arose. The present study introduces the novel hyperspectral camera Specim IQ from Specim (Oulu, Finland). The Specim IQ is a handheld push broom system with integrated operating system and controls. Basic data handling and data analysis processes, such as pre-processing and classification routines are implemented within the camera software. This study provides an introduction into the measurement pipeline of the Specim IQ as well as a radiometric performance comparison with a well-established hyperspectral imager. Case studies for the detection of powdery mildew on barley at the canopy scale and the spectral characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants grown under stressed and non-stressed conditions are presented.

Research on Algorithm of 2D and 3D Interactive Virtual City System

The integration of 2D GIS and 3D GIS is an important application of the current virtual city system. This paper constructs a virtual city system that integrates 2D GIS and 3D GIS. On this basis, research and achieve on visualization interactive of 2D GIS and 3D GIS. The interactive algorithm is proposed based on the assumption of parameters, so the viewpoint position of the 3D scene can be located according to the 2D scene viewpoint parameters, the viewpoint position of 2D scene can be located according to the 3D scene viewpoint parameters as well, and the position synchronization is maintained in both views through event trigger mechanism during interaction. When user manipulates one viewpoint in 2D GIS or 3D GIS, the others moves synchronously to the same area and angle. Three different views are used as contrasts to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. The implementation results show that the algorithm of synchronization can adapt to various user operations, with feasibility and accuracy.

FP-Growth based Regular Behaviors Auditing in Electric Management Information System

In Electric Management Information System (MIS), there are some users who do not comply with all operation/behavior regulations and make the similar mistakes continuously even though they are not on purpose. These behaviors are a huge threat to the system security. In this paper, we propose a method to detect these regular behaviors with association rules mining algorithm FP-Growth. First, the user log is separated into operation sets each of which contains user operation in a continuous period. Then we divide the operation sets of all users into two catalogs: normal and abnormal based on if a security problem has happened around the corresponding period of operation set. Next, we apply the FP-Growth algorithm in both normal and abnormal operation sets to generate the frequent patterns. Finally, the abnormal pattern is compared with normal ones to determine the regular behaviors that may be dangerous to the system. We test the proposed algorithm in the user log files generated from a simulated electric management information system. The experiment results indicate the proposed method can effectively detect the regular user behavior that could cause the system security problems.

Pravilnik - instrument regulacije interne kontrole

The Regulations on internal control defines internal control of jobs and operations of public fund users and sets out the principles which must be followed by the employees while performing their daily work responsibilities. Regulation on internal control, to the user of public funds should serve as the basic document for the establishment of a policy of effective internal control, all aimed at the efficient and successful business, reliable financial reporting, compliance of operations with applicable legislation and protection of funds and assets from unauthorized appropriation, use, or alienation.

Development of a Simulation Based Kanban System for Lean Practitioners

Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been widely known to reduce the seven wastes in manufacturing industries. However, there are few training tools to help lean practitioner in learning and experimenting the LM tools and techniques as they are costly and difficult to create. This research aims is to built a platform for the lean practitioner to learn and experiment with the general Kanban system, by developing Kanban Simulation Training Tool System (K-STTS). K-STTS contains two modules, General Kanban Simulation Module (GKS-module) to deliver Kanban theory by using simulation approach and General Kanban Calculator Module (GKC-module) to help the lean practitioner in Kanban calculation. Arena 14 simulation software and Visual Basic 6 were used to develop the two module respectively. A feasibility study was conducted to assess K-STTS feasibility in terms of user interface aesthetics, operability, learnability and functional suitability. Both module are feasible to be used by lean practitioner, however operability and learnability of GKS-module need a improvisation. Future works include creating simulation based on real scenarios and other LM training tools platform to enhance user’s experience on LM tools.