User Experience Research Articles

Deep Learning and Human-machine Integration in Smart Prosthetic Control: Process and Perspectives

With the rapid development of science and technology and the maturity of deep learning technology, intelligent prosthetic limb control has made significant progress in human-machine integration. While traditional prosthetic technology has seen improvements in form and function, it still faces challenges in user experience and physiological adaptability. Deep learning, with its powerful pattern recognition and decision-making capabilities, offers new possibilities to address these issues. This paper reviews the current status and future development of the application of deep learning in intelligent prosthetic limb control, emphasizing its close relationship with the concept of human-machine integration. Intelligent prosthetic control involves not only mechanical engineering and bioengineering, but also interdisciplinary integration of the fields of neural engineering, electrical engineering, motion control and computer science. This paper reviews the limitations in traditional prosthetic technology, such as accuracy and user adaptability, introduces the successful cases and latest research results of deep learning in the medical field, and explores the potential of deep reinforcement learning in optimizing complex movements and adapting to different environments. Finally, the future direction of deep learning technology in smart prosthetic limb control is envisioned, and research challenges and recommendations are presented in the hope of providing theoretical support for the innovative development of smart prosthetic limb technology and improving the quality of life of people with disabilities.

Home-Based, Low-Intensity, Gamification-Based, Interactive Physical-Cognitive Training for Older Adults Using the ADDIE Model: Design, Development, and Evaluation of User Experience.

Declines in physical and cognitive function are natural biological processes, leading to an increased risk of falls. Promising evidence suggests that combined physical-cognitive exercise has beneficial effects in improving both physical and cognitive health. Although moderate-to-high exercise intensity is commonly recommended, it might be impractical for older adults facing physical limitations or contraindications. Thus, low-intensity exercise is a viable option. The main barriers to engaging in exercise in older adults include transportation, time, motivation, and enjoyment. To overcome these challenges, a home-based, gamification-based training system may provide an effective approach to enhance exercise adherence. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of a low-intensity, gamification-based, interactive physical-cognitive exercise for older adults in a home-based setting. The prototype of a game-based physical-cognitive exercise was created following the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) and assessed for user experience in older adults. A total of 15 older adults engaged in the game-based physical-cognitive exercise at home for 60 minutes per day, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. The usability of the game-based training system was evaluated using the system usability scale (SUS) after completion of a 4-week training program. As for satisfaction, the 8-item Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) questionnaire was used to assess participants' enjoyment level after 1 week and 4 weeks of training. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the SUS score. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the PACES scores between the first week and the end of the 4-week period, with significance set at P<.05. As for experts' consensus, the game-based training consisted of 3 games: Ocean Diver, Road Runner, and Moving and Memorizing. The games had 3 levels of difficulty: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. A computer vision-based system was selected as the delivery platform for a home setting. The total SUS score for all participants was mean 87.22 (SD 5.76), indicating the user's perception of the usability of a system ranging from good to excellent. At the end of the 4-week training, the total PACES score was significantly greater than the first week, suggesting an improvement in enjoyment (first week: mean 44.93, SD 3.99 vs fourth week: mean 50.53, SD 4.70; P=.001). The prototype of low-intensity, gamification-based, interactive physical-cognitive training was designed and developed using the ADDIE model, which included both experts and end users in the process. The findings showed that the exergame prototype was a usable and practical approach for a home-based setting, enhancing older adults' enjoyment and motivation. Further research is warranted to determine the effectiveness of such gamification-based training in promoting physical and cognitive functions.

Engagement Matters: The Romantic Relationship between Female Users and the Generative AI

The rapid development of generative AI is changing people’s lives and brought a series of new social issues and concerns. One newly-emerged phenomenon was some generative AI users, especially female users, started to engage in an in-depth, romantic relationship with generative AI. Faced with the new relationship, this ethnographic research aims to investigate the motivation, behaviours, and perspectives of female users so as to provide a comprehensive picture of this group. This digital ethnographic study adopts the methods of semi-structured interviews and text analysis of posts by participants on Xiaohongshu. This study has shown a debate among human-AI romantic relationship female practitioners about whether the generative AI is conscious or is just a machine. However, all participants tend to consider the generative AI to have a humane feature and treat it in a human-like way like in a real-life relationship and gained value which is different from real-life relationships. Finally, in a modernization theory perspective, the authors point out that females’ establishment of human-computer intimacy is driven by individualism and rationalism. By focusing on the motivations and experiences of female users, this study fills a gap in research on the romantic relationship between humans and AI. While responding to public concerns about the potential risks AI may pose to society, this study also provides a reference for future research and policymaking in this field.

Negative Affect Following Dating Application Use Is Predicted by Social Anxiety Symptoms and Match Rate.

Social rejection is a common and unavoidable experience for users of dating apps. Research suggests that socially anxious individuals may be particularly likely to use dating apps to establish intimate relationships, given their preference for online (vs. face-to-face) communication. However, social anxiety (SA) symptoms are associated with heightened negative affect and decreased prosocial behavior following social rejection, suggesting that exposure to dating app rejection has deleterious consequences in this population. This study examined whether SA symptoms and social rejection (vs. acceptance) feedback interact to predict participants' negative and positive affect and social engagement with dating app matches. Participants (N = 128) evaluated for SA symptoms were randomly assigned to receive high or low match rate feedback on a simulated dating application task. SA symptoms were negatively associated with positive affect following high match rate feedback and positively associated with negative affect following low match rate feedback. SA symptoms were negatively associated with self-reported likelihood of contact initiation with matches. Results suggest that high socially anxious individuals are more susceptible to negative repercussions of social rejection on dating applications.

Connect, care, create: practical framework for physical environment design for person-centred palliative care.

This article aims to explore architectural-rich insights derived from users' experiences within everyday practice in palliative environments and provides a practical framework for healthcare organisations, architects and researchers involved in (re)designing palliative environments for person-centred care. An ethnographic study involving participatory observation was undertaken to gain insight into the influence of palliative environments on the diverse users' subjective experiences. This immersive research took place across multiple palliative environments, encompassing a palliative care unit, a day care centre for palliative care and a hospice located in Belgium. Also, informal conversations and photo-elicitation interviews were conducted with residents, family members, healthcare professionals, volunteers and maintenance staff. Analysing the subjective experiences yielded a practical framework of four architectural atmospheres (proximity, support, engagement, comfort) intended to serve as guiding principles for designing palliative environments. To shape these atmospheres, this article elaborates on 17 spatial aspects and aligns them with real-life experiences of users within palliative environments, thereby enriching and contextualising these insights. This study presents a practical framework encompassing atmospheres, spatial aspects and overarching insights. It is augmented by supplemental material featuring real-life user experiences, all directed towards guiding the design of palliative environments in pursuit of person-centred palliative care. This article advocates for a collaborative, interdisciplinary, holistic design approach that acknowledges these considerations' interconnectedness and considers the users' multiple perspectives. Ultimately, this approach serves as a means of bridging design intentions and actual experiences encountered by users in their real-life contexts to assist healthcare organisations and architects in creating environments for person-centred palliative care.

Data-Driven Personalization : Revolutionizing User Experience

Data-driven personalization has emerged as a transformative approach in digital user experience design, leveraging advanced analytics and machine learning to tailor content and interfaces to individual users. This article explores five key aspects of data-driven personalization: user behavior analysis, segmentation and targeting, machine learning algorithms, real-time adaptation, and privacy and ethical considerations. It examines the significant impact of personalization on business outcomes, including increased revenue and customer engagement, while also addressing implementation challenges, such as technological complexity and privacy concerns. The article provides insights into the methodologies, processes, and best practices for effective personalization, supported by industry statistics and case studies, offering a comprehensive overview of how organizations can harness this powerful approach to create more engaging, relevant, and effective digital experiences.

Construction 5.0 and Sustainable Neuro-Responsive Habitats: Integrating the Brain–Computer Interface and Building Information Modeling in Smart Residential Spaces

This study takes a unique approach by investigating the integration of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) within residential architecture. It explores their combined potential to foster neuro-responsive, sustainable environments within the framework of Construction 5.0. The methodological approach involves real-time BCI data and subjective evaluations of occupants’ experiences to elucidate cognitive and emotional states. These data inform BIM-driven alterations that facilitate adaptable, customized, and sustainability-oriented architectural solutions. The results highlight the ability of BCI–BIM integration to create dynamic, occupant-responsive environments that enhance well-being, promote energy efficiency, and minimize environmental impact. The primary contribution of this work is the demonstration of the viability of neuro-responsive architecture, wherein cognitive input from Brain–Computer Interfaces enables real-time modifications to architectural designs. This technique enhances built environments’ flexibility and user-centered quality by integrating occupant preferences and mental states into the design process. Furthermore, integrating BCI and BIM technologies has significant implications for advancing sustainability and facilitating the design of energy-efficient and ecologically responsible residential areas. The study offers practical insights for architects, engineers, and construction professionals, providing a method for implementing BCI–BIM systems to enhance user experience and promote sustainable design practices. The research examines ethical issues concerning privacy, data security, and informed permission, ensuring these technologies adhere to moral and legal requirements. The study underscores the transformational potential of BCI–BIM integration while acknowledging challenges related to data interoperability, integrity, and scalability. As a result, ongoing innovation and rigorous ethical supervision are crucial for effectively implementing these technologies. The findings provide practical insights for architects, engineers, and industry professionals, offering a roadmap for developing intelligent and ethically sound design practices.

The Art of Dialogue: Synergistic Effects of Language Adaptation and Emotional Intelligence in AI Systems

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly applied in areas such as voice assistants, customer service, and healthcare. However, current AI systems often lack semantic understanding and emotional expression capabilities when interacting with humans, leading to poor user experiences. To enable AI systems to converse more naturally with humans, it is necessary to synergistically optimize two key capabilities: language adaptation and emotional intelligence. This paper reviews the latest research progress in AI dialogue systems regarding language adaptation and emotional intelligence. In terms of language adaptation, this paper summarizes technologies such as personalized dialogue, knowledge-enhanced dialogue, and multi-turn contextual dialogue. In terms of emotional intelligence, this paper outlines work in areas such as emotion recognition, emotional dialogue generation, and empathetic dialogue. Additionally, this paper discusses strategies for synergistic optimization of language adaptation and emotional intelligence, as well as challenges in dialogue system evaluation. Finally, this paper looks ahead to future directions for AI dialogue systems.

Personalization at Scale: Big Data Technologies in Digital Content Delivery and Their Effect on Viewer Experience

This article examines the transformative impact of big data technologies on the digital content delivery industry, focusing on their application in enhancing customer experience through video streaming services. Through a comprehensive case study of a leading provider, we investigate the implementation of Hadoop and AWS Big Data product suites to optimize content delivery, personalize user recommendations, and enable dynamic ad insertion. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in service reliability, viewer engagement, and advertising effectiveness. The article reveals how Big Data analytics facilitate real-time content optimization and personalized user experiences, increasing viewer retention and satisfaction. Furthermore, we explore the challenges and limitations encountered during implementation, providing insights into the practical applications of Big Data in the evolving landscape of digital media consumption. This article contributes to the growing body of literature on Big Data applications in media and entertainment, offering valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in digital content delivery.

Review of QoS-aware resource allocation schemes for 5g networks

Resource management in wireless networks refers to the processes and techniques used to allocate, control, and optimize the various resources in a wireless communication system to ensure efficient and reliable operation. These resources typically include spectrum (frequency bands), power, time slots, and network infrastructure (e.g., base stations, access points). Effective resource management is crucial for maximizing network performance, ensuring Quality of Service (QoS), and providing a good user experience, especially in environments with limited resources and high demand. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the ability of the network to provide different levels of service quality to various types of traffic, applications, and users. QoS in 5G is essential due to the diverse range of services the network is designed to support, each with its own specific requirements for performance metrics such as latency, reliability, bandwidth, and availability. In this paper, we study how the QoS-aware resource allocation procedure is handled in wireless networks. Different resource management techniques were studied and also the paper looked at some of the existing QoS-aware resources allocation schemes by highlighting the operation, strength and weakness and the QoS parameters considered by each of the schemes.

A Study on the Correlation between Danmaku Videos and Audiences’ Repetitive Viewing Behaviours - A Case Study of Bilibili Danmaku Video Network Videos

With the rise of online video platforms, Danmaku videos have steadily gained popularity among young people. Danmaku’s instantaneous, synchronous, targeted, and cumulative features offer viewers a novel viewing experience, improve the social and interactive aspects of video views, and even impact the frequency with which users watch videos again. As a popular video website at present, Bilibili provides rich video content for audiences and supports the Danmaku function. This study targets Bilibili Danmaku videos and focuses on how Danmaku videos affect the audience’s viewing motivation and experience as the research theme. Descriptive statistics and result analysis were utilized in this study to investigate the reasons behind repeat viewing and the effect of the Danmaku on the viewing experience. Questionnaires were employed to gather viewing data from video audiences in the Bilibili life division. According to the findings of the study, Danmaku greatly improves the overall viewing experience for viewers as well as their enjoyment of the show and sense of community. The study concludes that Danmaku facilitates the audience’s behavioral decisions of repetitive viewing to a certain extent. This study provides an empirical analysis to explore the role of Danmaku in video viewing behavior and makes strategic recommendations for video platforms to improve user experience and foster community engagement.

‘Best Mosques Near Me’: American Muslims and Online Mosque-Finding

Abstract This article uses digital and lived religion perspectives to analyze the phenomenon of American Muslims using online tools to search for and rate-and-review mosques. Focusing on four mid-size U.S. cities – Boston, Indianapolis, Denver, and Seattle – it surveys three major online sources for mosque finding: the Muslim-focused Salatomatic, the review site Yelp, and Google’s location-based search. By braiding together site content and user reviews, it shows how this phenomenon connects users’ functional goal of finding a location for daily or community prayer with the goal of a high-quality user experience. User reviews’ migration toward Google echo a broader shift from computer-based website engagement to mobile engagement and suggest the integration of U.S. mosques into the broader sphere of businesses and services. Overall, they point to the central role that online platforms play in contemporary United States Muslim religious life-worlds, extending review behaviors around consumer goods and services to religious ones.

Feasibility of dried blood spot collection for caffeine pharmacokinetic studies in microgravity: Insights from parabolic flight campaigns.

Therapeutic drug monitoring for astronauts faces limitations in conventional blood sampling and sample management onboard the international space station. Here, we explore the feasibility of dried blood spot (DBS) collection during parabolic flights (PF) to overcome these constraints. We assessed the feasibility of blood deposition on blotting paper for preanalytical aspects in a PF using synthetic blood. Subsequently, DBS sampling validation was carried out in another PF campaign. Twenty volunteers participated in a pharmacokinetic study on caffeine and its metabolite, paraxanthine, conducted during parabolic flights. After >18 h caffeine washout, coffee (115 mg), tea (30 mg) or dark chocolate (11 mg) were ingested by the participants. DBS samples were collected at baseline, during weightlessness and post-flight. Caffeine and paraxanthine were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Genotyping for cytochrome P450-1A2 (CYP1A2) was performed and a metabolic ratio by area under the curve for caffeine and paraxanthine (AUCPAX/AUCCAF) for CYP1A2 was determined. A user experience survey was also conducted. Full in-flight pharmacokinetic study was feasible in seventeen volunteers with three unable to perform the sampling due to motion sickness. Nineteen participants (twelve males and seven females) completed pharmacokinetic profiles, with repeated pharmacokinetic studies for six participants. CYP1A2 genotyping resulted in eight ultrarapid, eleven intermediate, and one poor metabolizer. Among the women, four were on oestrogen contraceptives, a known inhibitor of CYP1A2, and were considered as poor metabolizers. Expected differences in kinetic profiles, consistent with consumption habits, the ingested dose and the genotypic/phenotypic information, were observed. The mean caffeine AUC for coffee, tea and chocolate were 9419ng.h.mL-1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6222-12 616, n = 10), 6917ng.h.mL-1 (95% CI: 2729-11 105), n = 7) and 3039ng.h.mL-1 (95% CI: 1614-4142, n = 12), respectively. The mean paraxanthine AUC were 10 566ng.h.mL-1 (95% CI: 6242-14 890, n = 10), 4011ng.h.mL-1 (95% CI: 2305-5716, n = 7) and 3638ng.h.mL-1 (95% CI: 1589-40 859, n = 12), respectively. The mean metabolic ratio in oestrogen-treated women was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.35-0.71) compared to 1.19 (95% CI: 0.99-1.33) in others. The mean metabolic ratio was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.81-1.23, n = 15) on the ground and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.70-1.41, n = 13) during the parabolic flights, with no significant difference observed between the two conditions. Overall participants were satisfied with the usability of the method. DBS collection was safe, stable, feasible and well accepted in weightlessness. This method would offer valuable insights into human metabolism adaptation during long-term spaceflight, addressing space pharmacology challenges.

The Effects of Excessive Use of Computer Screen on Visual Acuity among Non-academic University Staff

Background: The increasing prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) necessitates a thorough understanding of its impact on visual health among users. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of long-term computer usage on the visual acuity of non-academic staff at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 321 non-academic staff members aged 18-45 years with at least two years of computer usage experience. The participants were randomly selected and completed a structured questionnaire assessing demographic details, computer usage habits, and visual health status. Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen eye chart, and the data were analysed using SPSS version 25, applying descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for significance. Results: Among the 159 computer users, 32.7% reported using screens for more than six hours daily. Common symptoms included eye strain (17.6%), blurred vision (14.7%), and headaches (13.2%). Visual acuity assessments indicated that 66.9% of computer users had normal vision in the left eye, whereas 82.6% of computer users exhibited abnormal visual acuity compared with non-users (χ2 = 29.89, p = 0.00). A significant association was found between increased screen time and reduced normal visual acuity, with 27.3% of users with over five years of screen time reporting normal vision. Conclusion: This study highlighted the adverse effects of prolonged computer usage on visual acuity among non-academic staff, emphasizing the need for awareness and preventive measures to mitigate the risk of CVS in this population.

Assessment of digital literacy and user experience in patients with cochlear implants

Abstract Introduction The cochlear implant (CI) is the treatment of choice for people affected by deafness or profound hearing loss. Patients with cochlear implants (PwCIs) can enhance their hearing outcomes using digital hearing training programs (dHTPs). Current technological trends leans towards personalized, AI-driven dHTPs, aiming to optimize user experience (UX) and adherence. This study aims to investigate the digital literacy skills and UX of PwCI before and after testing a prototype of a dHTP with an AI-driven design (TraiCI). Methods Two research-specific questionnaires developed by the Hearing Center Düsseldorf (QDL and QUX) were used to assess digital literacy skills and user experience in TraiCI. Additionally, the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) was employed to evaluate general user experience. The UEQ assesses software quality across dimensions such as transparency and stimulation using paired opposites. Results 22 outpatient PwCIs the Hearing Center Düsseldorf with unilateral or bilateral CI (mean age 54 years; SD = 15) were included. In QDL, PmCI demonstrated high levels of digital literacy skills. The majority of PmCI (80.6%) reported prior experience with dHTP. Usage of these programs occurred daily to multiple times per week within the first six months after CI treatment, with session durations predominantly ranging from 10 to 30 minutes. QUX data indicated a smooth initiation process (70.8%) and seamless login experience (95.5%). The UEQ addressed various aspects of user experience, with ‘transparency’ receiving the highest scores (MW = 1.9; SD = 0.6), while ‘stimulation’ received the least positive ratings (MW = 0.0; SD = 2.1). Conclusions The results show a high degree of digital literacy among PwCIs. They encountered minimal challenges in operating hardware and software components. Further refinement is necessary to align with PwCI’s expectations and maximize benefits. Early and iterative involvement of PwCIs in future projects could optimize outcomes. Key messages • The study highlights the proficient digital literacy skills of cochlear implant patients (PwCIs). • Further refinement of dHTPs is needed to better align with PwCIs’ expectations and maximize benefits, emphasizing the importance of iterative involvement for optimized outcomes.

Dis-continuity in Continuity-of-Care: a pathway for more equal access to mental health care services?

Abstract Background Access to healthcare is core to achieving universal health coverage. Reaching and obtaining appropriate health care services requires engagement by health care organizations and users. For people with mental illness, access emerges as a continuous process, reflecting oscillating health conditions. This challenges aspirations of continuity of care (COC), but we know little about the experiences of users. Methods We carried out observations of interactions between professionals and users (n = 18) and semi-structured interviews with users, professionals, and managers (n = 33) in the specialised mental health services in Central Denmark Region and FACT-inspired teams in three municipalities. We also conducted 3 focus groups with regional and municipal professionals from these teams. Data was analysed through a qualitative thematic analysis. Results From the perspective of users, COC builds on the acknowledgment of their entire life situation. For users, this is about making connections between their past, present and future lives. Past experience affect their present abilities to follow treatment and influence future hopes and expectations. The acknowledgment of these connections often translates into spaces of discontinuity in continuity, where users need occasional breaks from treatment but worry about being excluded from treatment. Crucially, the organization of the FACT-inspired teams allows for flexibility in the intensity of visits and treatment. The norms of professionals also support users’ perspectives on COC, as the norms focus on building trust in the relations between users and professionals. Conclusions One important step to achieve more equal access is to integrate the social world of users. This requires organizational and professional approaches that allow for user needs for dis-continuity in COC. Key messages • For mental health service users, continuity-of-care includes breaks from treatment (discontinuity). • More equal health access requires adapting continuity-of-care to needs as perceived by users.

Does perceived usability of a multi-component mobile device intervention improve health-related quality of life?

Abstract Background Good health-related quality of life (HRQL) is essential to healthy aging. Prior studies have demonstrated that mobile device technologies can promote HRQL in older adults. However, evidence of technology acceptance in older adults is often inconsistent and poorly understood. Purpose This study aims to 1) describe technology acceptance using efficiency, learnability, user experience (i.e., acceptability), and perceived control from the USABILITY survey of a multi-component mobile device intervention consisting of a wearable activity tracker (Fitbit Versa), access to Lose It app, and text messages (for experimental group only) in older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease, and 2) examine the correlation between technology acceptance and changes in HRQL before and after using each component of the digital intervention. Methods Data were collected using a purpose-built technology usability survey, and HRQL was assessed using the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12), which measured perceived physical and mental health. Correlations were used to identify associations between technology acceptance and HRQL. Results The mean age of participants (n=54) was 65.4 ± 6.0 years; a majority were females (60%), married (53%), Hispanic (66%), and had a high school education or higher (76%). Table 1 shows that the experimental group had considerably higher HRQL at three months, but no differences in technology acceptance were noted. Fitbit technology adoption was found to be correlated with physical HRQL (r=304, p=0.027). The Lose It app showed no correlation with HRQL. Despite receiving higher usability ratings, SMS messages were not correlated with physical or mental HRQL. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that older persons at risk for cardiovascular disease find mobile device intervention components acceptable. However, each component affected physical and mental health differently. These findings inform more complete technology acceptance models for older individuals' technology design, education, and deployment. Older persons prefer personalized communication, such as customized text messages, as the most favored aspect of the multi-component mobile device intervention. It warrants a larger clinical trial to determine its efficacy on HRQL.

Trusting as an Emergent: Implications for Design

The quest for an adequate model of trust in AI systems has led to rosters of influencing factors and proposals for how trust can be “designed-in.” An alternative is to consider trusting as an emergent. While progressive maturation of user trust may be desired, it is the exception. Trust can arise rapidly, but it can diminish in a heartbeat. It can be orthogonal to reliance. Trusting and relying are context-contingent. Work-centered design principles can make trustability achievable, but it can only be realized through user experience. And principles for “designing-in” trust do not span the creativity gap.

What Is the Perceived Environmental Restorative Potential of Informal Green Spaces? An Empirical Study Based on Visitor-Employed Photography

Informal green spaces (IGSs) play an essential role in enhancing urban well-being by offering restorative environments, yet the impact of visitor behaviors on perceived restorativeness (PR) remains underexplored. This study investigates how different spatio-temporal behaviors influence PR in IGS, providing urban planners with actionable insights to optimize these spaces for better user experiences. Using a visitor-employed photography (VEP) survey and post-visit PR assessments, K-means clustering was applied to identify distinct visitor behavior patterns. Correlation analysis further explored the relationships between these patterns and PR; the results reveal three unique clusters of visitor behaviors—fast, extensive exploration; moderate, focused exploration; and slow, thorough exploration—each showing distinct impacts on PR. Visitors who engage in rapid, broad exploration perceive larger, navigable spaces as more restorative, while those focusing on specific or in-depth exploration emphasize psychological aspects like escape and fascination. These behavioral patterns demonstrate varying strengths in their association with restorative experiences; This study underscores the importance of integrating spatio-temporal behavior data with PR assessments, highlighting how the physical and psychological features of IGS influence visitor experiences. These findings offer critical insights for designing and managing IGS to accommodate diverse user needs and promote urban well-being.

Unveiling the dynamics of binge-scrolling: A comprehensive analysis of short-form video consumption using a Stimulus-Organism-Response model

The rapid rise of short-form content has led to the emergence of a new media consumption behavior termed “binge-scrolling,” where users sequentially consume numerous short videos. However, systematic analysis of this phenomenon is lacking in existing literature, which primarily attributes excessive usage to individual factors. Therefore, drawing on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm, this study designated the platform factor of short-form video services as an environmental stimulus and developed a research model to investigate how features influence users’ negative responses and subsequent coping behaviors. Employing a mixed-method approach, this study discovered that the infinite scrolling feature inherent in the short video services contributes to a perceived loss of self-control among users. This can result in users’ feelings of regret and diminished cognitive engagement and compel them to curtail their time using the video service. The significance of this study is manifold. The study is the first to explore the emerging behavior of “binge-scrolling” comprehensively by employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Additionally, it underscores the mediating role of “loss of self-control” between service features and users’ negative internal state by extending the stimulus-organism-response model. Furthermore, this study illuminates a paradoxical effect wherein features initially designed to enhance user engagement, such as infinite scroll, may inadvertentely result in decreased usage time. This calls for the necessity of reassessing service feature with a focus on user experience and advocates for the incorporation of platform factors into policies and regulations governing online services. Thereby, this study offers valuable insights for platform developers, policy makers, users, and researchers, ultimately aiming to enhance user well-being in the rapidly evolving landscape of digital media consumption.