User Critiques Research Articles

User Experience and the Role of Personalization in Critiquing-Based Conversational Recommendation

Critiquing—where users propose directional preferences to attribute values—has historically been a highly popular method for conversational recommendation. However, with the growing size of catalogs and item attributes, it becomes increasingly difficult and time-consuming to express all of one’s constraints and preferences in the form of critiquing. It is found to be even more confusing in case of critiquing failures: when the system returns no matching items in response to user critiques. To this end, it would seem important to combine a critiquing-based conversational system with a personalized recommendation component to capture implicit user preferences and thus reduce the user’s burden of providing explicit critiques. To examine the impact of such personalization on critiquing, this article reports on a user study with 228 participants to understand user critiquing behavior for two different recommendation algorithms: (i) non-personalized , that recommends any item consistent with the user critiques; and (ii) personalized , which leverages a user’s past preferences on top of user critiques. In the study, we ask users to find a restaurant that they think is the most suitable to a given scenario by critiquing the recommended restaurants at each round of the conversation on the dimensions of price, cuisine, category, and distance. We observe that the non-personalized recommender leads to more critiquing interactions, more severe critiquing failures, overall more time for users to express their preferences, and longer dialogs to find their item of interest. We also observe that non-personalized users were less satisfied with the system’s performance. They find its recommendations less relevant, more unexpected, and somewhat equally diverse and surprising than those of personalized ones. The results of our user study highlight an imperative for further research on the integration of the two complementary components of personalization and critiquing to achieve the best overall user experience in future critiquing-based conversational recommender systems.

Bayesian Inference with Complex Knowledge Graph Evidence

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) provide a widely used format for representing entities and their relationships and have found use in diverse applications including question answering and recommendation. A majority of current research on KG inference has focused on reasoning with atomic facts (triples) and has disregarded the possibility of making complex evidential observations involving logical operators (negation, conjunction, disjunction) and quantifiers (existential, universal). Further, while the application of complex evidence has been explored in KG-based query answering (KGQA) research, in many practical online settings, observations are made sequentially. For example, in KGQA, additional context may be incrementally suggested to narrow down the answer. Or in interactive recommendation, user critiques may be expressed sequentially in order to narrow down a set of preferred items. Both settings are indicative of information filtering or tracking tasks that are reminiscent of belief tracking in Bayesian inference. In fact, in this paper, we precisely cast the problem of belief tracking over unknown KG entities given incremental complex KG evidence as a Bayesian filtering problem. Specifically, we leverage Knowledge-based Model Construction (KBMC) over the logical KG evidence to instantiate a Markov Random Field (MRF) likelihood representation to perform closed-form Bayesian inference with complex KG evidence (BIKG). We experimentally evaluate BIKG in incremental KGQA and interactive recommendation tasks demonstrating that it outperforms non-incremental methodologies and leads to better incorporation of conjunctive evidence vs. existing complex KGQA methods like CQD that leverage fuzzy T-norm operators. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel, efficient, and unified perspective of logic, KGs, and online inference through the lens of closed-form BIKG.

‘DEEP-FRIED’ AND DENATURALIZED: CRITIQUING MEMETIC META- ONTOLOGIES

In this paper, I have sought to introduce and outline the trend in Internet meme-making know as 'deep-frying' and explain its significance as a method of user critique within a naturalized medium. How do images that confuse and repel the casual viewer through profanity, enthusiastic emoji usage, over-saturation, repeated compression, bubbling/ warping, and excessive lens flaring effectively question the memetic paradigm? Firstly, by understanding memes as Hito Steryl's transgressive 'poor images' that circulate to produce communities of content creators and consumers that stand in opposition to the state-sponsored rich image making complex. Further, through the application of work by Rolande Barthes, Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver, Scott Contreras-Kotterbay & Łukasz Mirocha, and Rosa Menkman, I have produced a critical examination of the formal practices that elucidate this phenomenon, on the level of the linguistic & iconic message, noise level, and redundancy. Lastly, I propose an orientation of these works within a diverse corpus across various major social media as a networked art practice in keeping with the tenants of the New Aesthetic.

Coactive Critiquing: Elicitation of Preferences and Features

When faced with complex choices, users refine their own preference criteria as they explore the catalogue of options. In this paper we propose an approach to preference elicitation suited for this scenario. We extend Coactive Learning, which iteratively collects manipulative feedback, to optionally query example critiques. User critiques are integrated into the learning model by dynamically extending the feature space. Our formulation natively supports constructive learning tasks, where the option catalogue is generated on-the-fly. We present an upper bound on the average regret suffered bythe learner. Our empirical analysis highlights the promise of our approach.

Objectifying User Critique

The aim of this study is to objectify user critique rendering it usable for quality assurance. Based on formative and summative evaluation results we strive to promote software improvements; in our case, the physician discharge letter composition process at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany. We developed a novel six-step approach to objectify user critique: 1) acquisition of user critique using subjectivist methods, 2) creation of a workflow model, 3) definition of hypothesis and indicators, 4) measuring of indicators, 5) analyzing results, 6) optimization of the system regarding both subjectivist and objectivist evaluation results. In particular, we derived indicators and workflows directly from user critique/narratives. The identified indicators were mapped onto workflow activities, creating a link between user critique and the evaluated system. Users criticized a new discharge letter system as "too slow" and "too labor-intensive" in comparison with the previously used system. In a stepwise approach we collected subjective user critique, derived a comprehensive process model including deviations and deduced a set of five indicators for objectivist evaluation: processing time, system-related waiting time, number of mouse clicks, number of keyboard inputs, and throughput time. About 3500 measurements have been performed to compare the workflow-steps of both systems, regarding 20 discharge letters. Although the difference of the mean total processing time between both systems was statistically insignificant (2011.7 s vs. 1971.5 s; p = 0.457), we detected a significant difference in waiting times (101.8 s vs. 37.2 s; p <0.001) and number of user interactions (77 vs. 69; p <0.001) in favor of the old system, thus objectifying user critique. Our six-step approach enables objectification of user critique, resulting in objective values for continuous quality assurance. To our knowledge no previous study in medical informatics mapped user critique onto workflow steps. Subjectivist analysis prompted us to use the indicator system-related waiting time for the objectivist study, which was rarely done before. We consider combining subjectivist and objectivist methods as a key point of our approach. Future work will concentrate on automated measurement of indicators.

Clinical experience with a second-generation hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication system.

In a previous report we described a second-generation hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication system (HI-PACS) developed in-house. This HI-PACS had four unique features not found in other PAC systems. In this report, we will share some of our clinical experiences pertaining to these features during the past 12 months. We first describe the usage characteristics of two 2,000-line workstations (WSs), one in the in-patient and the second in the out-patient neuroradiology reading area. These two WSs can access neuro-images from 10 computed tomographic and magnetic resonance scanners located two medical centers through an asynchronous transfer mode network connection. The second unique feature of the system is an intensive care unit (ICU) server, which supports three WSs in the pediatric, medical surgery, and cardiac ICUs. The users' experiences and requests for refinement of the WSs are given. Another feature is physician desk-top access of PACS data. The HI-PACS provides a server connected to more than 100 Macintosh users for direct access of PACS data from their offices. The server's performance and user critiques are described. The last feature is a digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) connection of the HI-PACS to a manufacturer's ultrasound PACS module. The authors then outline the interfacing process and summarize some of the difficulties encountered. Developing an in-house PACS has many advantages but also some drawbacks. Based on experience, the authors have formulated three axioms as a guide for in-house PACS development.

Disabling Barriers, Enabling Environments.

Introduction - Sally French PART ONE: PERSPECTIVES ON DISABILITY AND IMPAIRMENT An Historical Overview Disability and Impairment - Carol Thomas Disability, Disability Studies and the Academy - Colin Barnes Developing an Affirmative Model of Disability and Impairment - Colin Cameron Dependence, Independence and Normality - Colin Goble Reflections on Doing Emancipatory Disability Research - Colin Barnes International Perspectives on Disability - John Swain and Sally French PART TWO: IN OUR OWN IMAGE Disability and the Body - Bill Hughes Disability and Psychology - Dan Goodley Women and Disability - Alison Sheldon Men, Masculinities and Disability - Steve Robertson and Brett Smith Lying Down Anyhow: Disability and the Rebel Body - Liz Crow Psycho-emotional Disablism and Internalised Oppression - Donna Reeve Generating Debates: Why We Need a Life-Course Approach to Disability Issues - Mark Priestley The Representation of Disabled People in the News Media - Robert Williams-Findlay Disability Culture: The Story So Far - Alison Wilde 'Race', Ethnicity and Disability - Yasmin Hussain Who Is Disabled? Exploring the Scope of the Social Model of Disability - Dan Goodley Disabled People, Disability and Sexuality - Selina Bonnie PART THREE: CONTROLLING LIFESTYLES Challenging Barriers and Enabling Inclusion: the Role of Families - Dawn Benson and Sarah Keyes Disability and Childhood: A Journey towards Inclusion - John M. Davis Housing and Independent Living - Laura Hemingway Changing Technology - Alison Sheldon Communication Barriers: Building Access and Inclusive Relationships - Alan Hewitt and Carole Pound Controlling Exclusion in Education - Michele Moore User Involvement in Services for Disabled People - Sally French User-Led Organisations: Facilitating Independent Living? - Hannah Morgan Accessing Social and Leisure Activities: Barriers to Inclusion Experienced by Visually Impaired People - Donna Marie Brown, Pauline Gertig and Maureen Gillman, with Joyce Anderson, Cathy Clarke and Simon Powell Disability, Sport and Exercising Bodies - Brett Smith and Anthony Papathomas Disability and Ageing - Ann Macfarlane Disabled People, Work and Welfare - Alan Roulstone PART FOUR: IN CHARGE OF SUPPORT AND HELP Care: Controlling and Personalising Services - Sarah Woodin Counselling and Disabled People: Help or Hindrance? - Donna Reeve Developments in Mental Health Policy and Practice: Service User Critiques - Peter Beresford The Global Economy of 'Care' - Maria Berghs PART FIVE: LOOKING TO THE FUTURE FOR DISABLED PEOPLE Disability and Social Inclusion in the Information Society - Sally French and John Swain Designing Inclusive Environments and the Significance of Universal Design - Rob Imrie Genetics, Disability and Bioethics - Alice Maynard Disability, Death and Dying: A Rights-Based Discussion of the Ultimate Barrier Facing Disabled People - Bill Armer Hate Crime and the Criminal Justice System - Pam Thomas Human Rights in Context: Making Rights Count - Marcia Rioux and Bonita Heath The Future of Disability Studies - Alison Sheldon

A User's critique of the thorney island dataset

The primary purpose of the Thorney Island Heavy Gas Dispersion Trials was to obtain reliable data at large scale to test the validity of mathematical aThis paper is a review of the extent to which these objectives have been met. Three major issues are addressed. First, the reports of the experiments aRather than to present conclusions, it is intended to raise questions which users of the data should bear in mind in conducting their own analysis and

Vocational Evaluation: A User's Critique

This paper presents some of the uses of vocational evaluation in Texas and the methods used in conducting such evaluations. Some positive and negative aspects of evaluations revealed during site surveys are noted and possible improvements are reviewed.