User-centered Design Approach Research Articles

Development and Assessment of a Mobile-based Information System for Charity Foundations

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a mobile-based information system for charity foundations to improve the management of donor profiles, donation records, beneficiary information, and program reports. A user-centered design approach was employed to ensure usability and effectiveness. The evaluation was based on usability, effectiveness, functionality, and maintainability, and the results show that the system is highly usable, effective, functional, and maintainable. The system contributes to the digital transformation of charitable organizations by providing a technological solution to their information management challenges, increasing transparency, facilitating real-time communication between organizations and donors, and resulting in increased efficiency, the effectiveness of operations, and improved program impact, leading to increased donations. The system's success highlights its value in transforming charitable organizations' operations and continued development and assessment are essential for its success.

Information Architects: Using Community-Engaged and Qualitative Methods to Design a Technology-Based Nutrition and Cancer Risk Intervention for Rural Adults.

Nearly half of all cancer deaths are preventable through modification or avoidance of key risk factors. As such, there is a growing urgency to identify effective, low-resource, and scalable technologies that support clinical care and patient self-management of health behaviors. Informed by theories of cognitive load and user-centered design approaches, we develop a culturally tailored, multicomponent digital intervention to engage rural adults between 50-73years old with their personalized nutrition risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. A total of 48 adults tested a Virtual Health Assistant (VHA) prototype during focus groups in individual think-aloud interviews to facilitate iterative adaptations to a web-based CRC prevention intervention. Qualitative data was analyzed to identify user needs and preferences related to information and with a focus on avoiding cognitive overload. The VHA serves as a conceptual pre-training for users helping them understand CRC prevention key concepts and engendering motivation to act on the promoted behavior. A website was identified as a strategy to fill information gaps and present actionable information, after the VHA interaction. Cognitive load reducing strategies were used including segmenting where information is presented in learner-controlled segments rather than continuously. Findings indicate potential benefits of designing CRC prevention information technologies with the rural older adults. Integrating patient-centered needs before launching health information web content will be important as the rapid growth of telemedicine aims to reach traditionally marginalized and underserved populations. Theoretically informed considerations for potential adverse outcomes (eg, information overload) are discussed.

A Personalized 3D-Printed Hand Prosthesis for Early Intervention in Children With Congenital Below-Elbow Deficiency: User-Centered Design Case Study

The adoption of prosthetic hands by children with congenital upper limb deficiency from a very early age has benefits in terms of reducing prosthesis abandonment, improving body image, and mitigating developmental and physiological complications that arise from the underuse of the deficit arm. However, current hand prostheses present drawbacks that make them not suitable for very young children. This study investigates the design requirements of a prosthesis for very young children with congenital below-elbow deficiency using a user-centered design (UCD) approach. The UCD puts the child at the center of the design process, with parents as mediators between the child and the design team. The study was conducted with an interdisciplinary team over three years, with several prototypes developed for different growth stages of the child. This paper presents the adopted UCD approach and its timeline, the iterative prototypes of the prosthesis developed throughout the study, and the final prototype with a focus on its child-friendly features. Finally, the paper describes the design requirements concluded from the study and the authors’ recommendations for implementing prosthetic hands in below-elbow early intervention.

20 years of the Loughborough user centered assistive technology design process: has it made a difference?

ABSTRACT An estimated 518 students were taught the Loughborough User Centered Assistive Technology design process, LUCAT, since 2000. Graduates were contacted via a professional networking website to take part in a survey with four being interviewed. The purpose of the survey was to find out if: 1) Did they still use any parts of the process; and 2) Where they had applied them. The respondents ranged from returning placement undergraduates to senior managers in research and development within major companies. From the 105 respondents 23% stated they used parts of the LUCAT process every working day, a further 25% once a week and 27% once a month. The elements of the process used were predominantly semi-structured interviews, concept generation, codesign, design presentation and feedback. Respondents highlighted the benefits of using this process including gaining insights from users, being time efficient, saving money, developing a relationship with end users and making a difference to the lives of people with disability. It was suggested some industries had still not incorporated a User Centered Design approach within New Product Development. The use of the process was shown to be useful beyond AT product design into most areas of design activity.

End-of-life decision support to enable circular economy in the automotive industry based on digital twin data

With the EU Green Deal and the UN Sustainable Developments Goals, the vision of a greenhouse gas-neutral and resource-efficient economy is already firmly anchored in world politics. In this context, the automotive industry faces many challenges including the increasing scarcity of natural resources, a rising demand in terms of sustainable vehicle design, production and materials sourcing. Due to all this, end-of-life decisions regarding dismantling have become increasingly important. A high proportion of secondary materials will be required in the vehicles of the future. To response to these challenges, companies have turned their focus towards the circular economy as a central approach to close material loops. In the German research project “Catena-X” a new data ecosystem with digital twins is one enabler that is being developed. The digital twins represent a promising approach to the circular economy by ensuring transparent, product-specific and end-to-end data exchange throughout the entire product lifecycle, from the material sourcing to the eventual dismantling and recycling. As one particular and unique solution, a decision framework that facilitates the best circular strategy at the end of a vehicle's life is developed and presented in this paper. The underlying data-driven decision support framework is based on circular economy KPIs. This includes material, components and specific vehicle KPIs to best identify the most suitable circular strategy. The framework was methodologically developed by an interdisciplinary team of partners, who are stakeholders throughout the value chain and participants in the Catena-X project. An integrated approach of user-centered design, an adapted version of the V-model and the Scaled Agile Framework were used for the methodology in the development of the solution. The paper presents the concept of a digital twin for a decision support system, that includes a central decision logic that also includes the relevant KPIs and a survey for evaluating the decision logic utilised with a chosen dismantling company.

Predicting risk factors for pediatric mortality in clinical trial research: A retrospective, cross-sectional study using a Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database.

Incorporating real-world data using "big data" analysis in healthcare are useful to extract specific information for healthcare delivery system improvement. All-cause mortality is an essential measure to enhance patient safety in clinical trial research, especially for underrepresented pediatric participants. This study aimed to determine the associations between pediatric mortality and patient-specific factors using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database. Data from the 2019 the HCUP Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) were used to conduct a logistic regression analysis to determine associations between pediatric patients' the chance of survival and their demographic and socioeconomic background, discharge records, and hospital information. Total number of diagnoses (OR = 0.84), total number of procedures (OR = 0.86), length of stay (OR = 1.04), age intervals greater than 1 year (OR > 1.0), transfer into the hospital from a different acute care (OR = 0.34), major diagnoses of multiple significant trauma (OR = 0.03) or hepatobiliary system and pancreas (OR = 0.10), region of hospital - west and midwest (OR > 1.0), and medium or larger hospital bed size (OR > 1.0) were all significantly associated with the chance of survival for patients participating in pediatric clinical trials (p < 0.05). Real-world clinical trial data analysis showed the potential improvement area including reallocating trial resources to promote trial quality and safe participation for pediatric patients. Pediatric trials need tools that are developed using user-centered design approaches to satisfy the unique needs and requirements of pediatric patients and their caregivers. Safe intrahospital transfer procedures and active dissemination of successful trial best practices are crucial to trial management, adherence, quality, and safety.

A User-Centered Security Approach to Create an IoT based Multi-Layered Fog-Cloud Architecture for Data Optimization in Raised Bed Farming

Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (IoT) are popularly intertwined to create a network of smart systems, especially in the field of Agriculture. As agricultural industries rise, augmented use of heterogeneous communication and sensing on the field would be needed. For all this data to be transferred and processed on the cloud efficiently, low latency rates, consistently high bandwidths, minimal congestion, etc. would be needed, which, is still a complication with the current cloud computing models. This paper proposes a multi-layered fog architecture that detects outliers in the data received from the sensing environment based on three categories: Classification, Isolation, and Clustering and then aggregates it before sending it to the cloud. The architecture works closely in a user-centered design approach that connects the farmers and analysts to the fog allowing them to create an automated agricultural system. With the help of Fog, processing abilities are brought closer to the data source which reduces the load on cloud resources, thereby making the overall system a lot more efficient and secured. This paper also presents a prototype of the interface that can be used to monitor and control IoT devices on the field as well as define fuzzy rules for the agricultural system.

Implementasi User Centered Design Pada Rancangan Pengembangan UX Aplikasi Pendataan Kegiatan Marketing

The Roadshow application is an application used by the Marketing Unit of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang to help collect data on their activities. In the process of using it, users often experience problems when operating the Roadshow application. This can also be seen from the preliminary research results which show that the results of the User Experience assessment are still low. To overcome this, development is needed to improve the user experience of the roadshow application so that it can improve the performance of the Marketing Unit. User-Centered Design (UCD) was chosen as the design development method. The UCD approach was chosen because it emphasizes specific user needs without changing their behavior in using the system or application. User testing is done by using the prototype made. The results of Usability Concept testing generate positive feedback from users. The evaluation was carried out on the same user using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). From the results of SUS, a score of 88 out of 100 was obtained and UEQ was ranked Good and above with an average score of 1.8. From the process of testing and evaluating the user experience design of the Roadshow application, it can be said to be good and can be a recommendation for the development of the Roadshow application in the future.

Narrowing the Implementation Gap

Developing new digital tools to fit the needs of communicative urban and green area planning requires understanding of the various prospective user groups, the different contexts of use, the planning tasks, and the communicative activities at hand. However, it is not self-evident that user research can be applied in research and innovation projects with limited human and time resources. In this article, a user-centered design (UCD) approach is applied in the development of new collaborative 3D tools for urban and green area planning in a multidisciplinary research team in the GreenTwins project. This research shows how essential it is to select easy-to-learn user research methods, identify the knowledge needs for tool development, and ensure that user insight is transmitted to development. In the GreenTwins project, this was achieved by applying a simple UCD framework (PACT) and engaging the research and development team in the process. Despite the challenges, the results show that the methodology used was beneficial.

Interaction Design of ITB Library Application Using User-Centered Design

The Technical Implementation Unit is a part of a university or institute that supports the three pillars of higher education, one of which is the library. Library has a large collection of resources that can be accessed through a library catalog. ITB Library is a mobile application that allows users to search catalogs, but it currently lacks optimal appearance and user experience. The aim of this final project is to improve the ITB Library by implementing a user-centered design approach, which focuses on understanding and addressing user needs. The end goal is to create a high-fidelity prototype that meets the usability goals of effective to use, have good utility, easy to learn, and the user experience goal of being helpful. To evaluate the design, usability testing was conducted on the prototype. Testing was evaluated using several metrics, including task completion rate (100%), System Usability Scale (SUS) (93/100), Single Ease Question (SEQ) (6.7/7), and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) (6.7/7 for the value/usefulness subscale) during the third iteration. Based on the results of the testing, the interaction design of the ITB Library meets the usability and user experience goals that were set out to be achieved.

A PILOT ASSESSMENT OF A TABLET-BASED INTERVENTION FOR HOMEBOUND OR SOCIALLY ISOLATED OLDER ADULTS WITH DEPRESSION

Abstract Older adults who are homebound or socially isolated have high rates of loneliness and depression with fewer opportunities for treatment. Our team extended an existing psychotherapy intervention (Engage &amp; Connect) to improve access to mental health care for older adults who are homebound. We iteratively created a tablet-based application (Engage PRISM) leveraging a user-centered design approach to provide older adults, particularly those with limited technology experience, an easy-to-use application to support social reward. Engage PRISM connects clients with the psychotherapy intervention and additional features to increase social reward exposure virtually. All eligible participants received a K92 ZTE tablet, equipped with the Engage PRISM application, internet service, Zoom, and access to Selfhelp’s Virtual Senior Center. Participants were then enrolled in the 9-week Engage &amp; Connect intervention delivered by a licensed mental health counselor via Zoom on the tablet each week. We evaluated feasibility of the intervention and preliminary effect on depressive symptoms through a weekly PHQ-9. Feasibility was assessed through participants’ ability to use the tablet to access mental health treatment. We provided tablets to eight participants ages 67 to 84; participants demonstrated 100% feasibility of use of the tablet intervention. We dropped two participants from the study due to a greater level of care needed. All participants were provided with referrals prior to ending the study. Preliminary evidence indicates that four of the six remaining participants had experienced a reduction in depressive symptoms (i.e., had lower PHQ-9 scores) three weeks into the study reporting over a 30% reduction on average.

TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT OLDER ADULTS' HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELLBEING

Abstract Technology has revolutionized the ability to deliver interventions to support older adults’ health, safety, and wellbeing, and technology-based solutions have become increasingly important in the delivery of remote care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these interventions and novel approaches require a careful understanding of older adults’ needs, preferences, and abilities, and need to undergo tests of feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy. This session will present a sampling of research examining the development, testing, and implementation of technology-based solutions to support older adults. R. Azevedo will present on the development of a novel digital therapeutic for the self-management of hypertension medication adherence among older adults. S. Kwon will present on the initial efficacy of an app-based mindfulness-meditation intervention to alleviate stress and depressive symptoms among bereaved older adults. Y. Du will discuss the use of a commercial fitness tracker to facilitate activity self-monitoring among overweight diabetic older adults with and without kidney disease. S. Dimmick will discuss the development of a novel augmented reality (AR) safety checklist to reduce fall risk among older adults. Finally, F. Jain will present on the development of a new mobile application platform to meet the needs of family dementia caregivers informed by focus groups and an inductive and deductive mixed method analytic approach. Themes of the necessity of a user-centered design approach in the development of technology-solutions will be emphasized.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTIC APPROACHES TO SUPPORTING OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Emerging technologies in the domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics hold tremendous potential for supporting the health, wellbeing, independence, and quality of life of older adults. This session presents a sampling of research examining the promise of these technologies and barriers necessary to overcome in order for these technology-based solutions to be implemented, accepted, and adopted. This session will start with K. Trainum presenting a broad overview of the potential of robots to benefit individuals living in senior-living facilities, and a summary of the literature to date. L. Vergara will describe findings related to older adults' attitudes toward a socially assistive robot and implications for the design and implementation of artificial intelligence through socially assistive robots in the home environment. M. Han will present a study examining older adults' preferences for digital conversational agents that can be used to help monitor health, and factors that influence older adults' intention to adopt digital conversational agents. Finally, S. Zhang will discuss the potential of artificial intelligence approaches to maximizing adherence to technology-based cognitive assessment and training through a just-in-time adherence support system tailored to the motivations of the individual. An overarching theme of the session is the need for a careful, thoughtful, user-centered design approach to ensure the success of emerging technology-based solutions to support the health and wellbeing of older adults.

Assessing and Promoting Cardiovascular Health for Adolescent Women: User-Centered Design Approach.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. A considerable number of young women already have risk factors for CVD. Awareness of CVD and its risk factors is critical to preventing CVD, yet younger women are less aware of CVD prevalence, its risk factors, and preventative behaviors compared to older women. The purpose of this study is to assess CVD awareness among adolescent and young adult women and develop a lifestyle-based cardiovascular risk assessment tool for the promotion of CVD awareness among this population. This study used a 3-phase iterative design process with young women and health care practitioners from primary care and reproductive care clinics in Atlanta, Georgia. In phase 1, we administered a modified version of the American Heart Association Women's Health Survey to young women, aged 15-24 years (n=67), to assess their general CVD awareness. In phase 2, we interviewed young women, aged 13-21 years (n=10), and their health care practitioners (n=10), to solicit suggestions for adapting the Healthy Heart Score, an existing adult cardiovascular risk assessment tool, for use with this age group. We also aimed to learn more about the barriers and challenges to health behavior change within this population and the clinical practices that serve them. In phase 3, we used the findings from the first 2 phases to create a prototype of a new online cardiovascular risk assessment tool designed specifically for young women. We then used an iterative user-centered design process to collect feedback from approximately 105 young women, aged 13-21 years, as we adapted the tool. Only 10.5% (7/67) of the young women surveyed correctly identified CVD as the leading cause of death among women in the United States. Few respondents reported having discussed their personal risk (4/67, 6%) or family history of CVD (8/67, 11.9%) with a health care provider. During the interviews, young women reported better CVD awareness and knowledge after completing the adult risk assessment tool and suggested making the tool more teen-friendly by incorporating relevant foods and activity options. Health care practitioners emphasized shortening the assessment for easier use within practice and discussed other barriers adolescents may face in adopting heart-healthy behaviors. The result of the iterative design process was a youth-friendly prototype of a cardiovascular risk assessment tool. Adolescent and young adult women demonstrate low awareness of CVD. This study illustrates the potential value of a cardiovascular risk assessment tool adapted for use with young women and showcases the importance of user-centered design when creating digital health interventions.

Software development process of Neotree - a data capture and decision support system to improve newborn healthcare in low-resource settings.

The global priority of improving neonatal survival could be tackled through the universal implementation of cost-effective maternal and newborn health interventions. Despite 90% of neonatal deaths occurring in low-resource settings, very few evidence-based digital health interventions exist to assist healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making in these settings. To bridge this gap, Neotree was co-developed through an iterative, user-centered design approach in collaboration with healthcare professionals in the UK, Bangladesh, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. It addresses a broad range of neonatal clinical diagnoses and healthcare indicators as opposed to being limited to specific conditions and follows national and international guidelines for newborn care. This digital health intervention includes a mobile application (app) which is designed to be used by healthcare professionals at the bedside. The app enables real-time data capture and provides education in newborn care and clinical decision support via integrated clinical management algorithms. Comprehensive routine patient data are prospectively collected regarding each newborn, as well as maternal data and blood test results, which are used to inform clinical decision making at the bedside. Data dashboards provide healthcare professionals and hospital management a near real-time overview of patient statistics that can be used for healthcare quality improvement purposes. To enable this workflow, the Neotree web editor allows fine-grained customization of the mobile app. The data pipeline manages data flow from the app to secure databases and then to the dashboard. Implemented in three hospitals in two countries so far, Neotree has captured routine data and supported the care of over 21,000 babies and has been used by over 450 healthcare professionals. All code and documentation are open source, allowing adoption and adaptation by clinicians, researchers, and developers.

Design, realization, and user evaluation of the ARCA system for exploring a digital library.

This paper presents ARCA, a software system that enables semantic search and exploration over a book catalog. The main purpose of this work is twofold: to propose a general paradigm for a semantic enrichment workflow and to evaluate a visual approach to information retrieval based on extracted information and existing knowledge graphs. ARCA has been designed and implemented following a user-centered design approach. Two different releases of the system have incrementally and iteratively developed and evaluated. The first release has evaluated the quality and usefulness of the extracted data. The second release, whose design was a refinement based on the previous evaluation results, was assessed by several users. Moreover, a comparative test with other information retrieval systems was conducted in order to study the potential added-value of the system. ARCA is employed in a real editorial scenario to visually search and explore the books of a publishing house.

User-oriented needs assessment of the potential use of assistive robots in direct nursing care: A mixed methods study

User-oriented needs assessment of the potential use of assistive robots in direct nursing care: A mixed methods study Abstract. Background: So far, hardly any robots have been used in nursing that take over patient-related activities and thereby reduce the physical strain on the caregivers. Using user-centered design approaches, the interdisciplinary project "PfleKoRo" was therefore developing a robotic assistance system that can be used in the direct care of bedridden patients requiring intensive or very intensive care. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify nursing activities with the greatest support potential for an assistant robot for the direct care of bedridden patients. Method: Focus groups (n = 3) with nursing professionals (n = 14) from acute and long-term care were conducted first in an explorative mixed method design and then evaluated by means of content analysis. A selection of nursing activities was then prioritized by the participants of the focus groups (n = 10) with regard to their potential for support from an assistant robot in a standardized survey. Results: The highest priority was given to turning and holding patients in a lateral position as well as holding their legs in order to perform nursing tasks. Further support was needed, among other things, for repositioning the patient to the head of the bed and for tasks such as the transfer of patients. Conclusion: Turning patients and holding them in a lateral position as well as holding the leg are seen as target activities with the greatest support potential for "PfleKoRo", presenting the starting point for further development.

Software-Based Dialogue Systems: Survey, Taxonomy, and Challenges

The use of natural language interfaces in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) is undergoing intense study through dedicated scientific and industrial research. The latest contributions in the field, including deep learning approaches like recurrent neural networks (RNNs), the potential of context-aware strategies and user-centred design approaches, have brought back the attention of the community to software-based dialogue systems, generally known as conversational agents or chatbots. Nonetheless, and given the novelty of the field, a generic, context-independent overview of the current state of research on conversational agents covering all research perspectives involved is missing. Motivated by this context, this article reports a survey of the current state of research of conversational agents through a systematic literature review of secondary studies. The conducted research is designed to develop an exhaustive perspective through a clear presentation of the aggregated knowledge published by recent literature within a variety of domains, research focuses and contexts. As a result, this research proposes a holistic taxonomy of the different dimensions involved in the conversational agents’ field, which is expected to help researchers and to lay the groundwork for future research in the field of natural language interfaces.

Designing for agricultural digital knowledge exchange: applying a user-centred design approach to understand the needs of users

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study was to understand the needs of European users for successful development and uptake of a digital land-based knowledge platform. Methodology The ‘discover and define’ phases of the design thinking double diamond framework were applied to inform the construction of 16 user-personas and journeys. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from users across Europe using a multi-step approach and thematically analysed. Findings User-personas and associated user journeys present useful methods for understanding the requirements of key stakeholders in the land-based sectors to aid the development of a digital knowledge reservoir, tailored to their needs. Problem urgency plays a key role in stakeholder touchpoint decisions, with acute problems approached by direct calls or interactions with important advisors. Digital platforms are more likely to be used for chronic problems or general knowledge exchange and upskilling. The touchpoints, challenges and emotions of users are not significantly linked to geographical location but are more likely to be influenced by age, gender and existing digital knowledge. Practical implications Design thinking can be used to understand the needs of stakeholders in the land-based sectors for the development of tools, products and services as well as understanding specific knowledge requirements. Theoretical implications This study provides a theoretical framework for understanding the digital knowledge needs of different land-based users. Originality The development of user-personas and journeys is limited in the land-based sectors, and this research provides a framework for use.

Penerapan Metode User Centered Design pada Rancangan User Interface Marketplace Pemasaran Produk Olahan Perikanan

Activities that support various activities in the fisheries sector, one of which is processed fish products, seeks to improve the economy of the community, especially fishermen in processing marine products. One of the efforts is to expand the distribution of processed seafood and penetrate the market through designing a user interface for the processed seafood distribution system. The method applied in this study is User Centered Design (UCD) with a design philosophy that places the user at the center of the system development process. The UCD approach is supported by techniques, tools, procedures, and processes that help design interactive systems that are more user centric. Based on usability testing that uses a usability scale system, the marketplace user interface model for marketing processed fish products is assessed with a yield of 86.5%. So that this marketplace user interface design mockup has been rated as user friendly which is indicated using high functionality and in accordance with the design. Keyword: User Centered Design (UCD), user interface, marketplace, processed fish.