Source Of Antioxidants For Use Research Articles

Valorisation of Side Stream Products through Green Approaches: The Rapeseed Meal Case.

Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a by-product of rapeseed oil extraction and is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including proteins and antioxidants. This study compared two methods for extracting antioxidants from RSM: conventional ethanol Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction. These procedures were applied to both native RSM and RSM after protein removal to evaluate their bio-compound composition and potential applications. HPLC-DAD, NMR, and GC/MS analyses revealed a rich polyphenolic profile in the extracts, including the presence of sinapic acid. The concentration of sinapic acid varied depending on the extraction method used. The anti-radical activity of the extracts was also analysed using the DPPH assay, which confirmed the potential of RSM as a source of antioxidants for use in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical formulations.

Peels of Some Citrus Fruits As Source of Antioxidants for Use with Different Vegetable Oils

Peels of Some Citrus Fruits As Source of Antioxidants for Use with Different Vegetable Oils

Impact of Extraction Process in Non-Compliant ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ Apples towards the Development of Natural Antioxidant Extracts

The ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ apple (BE) is rich in antioxidants and represents one of the most important traditional cultivars in Portugal. A large amount of non-compliant BE, with no market value, it is generated every year. Thus, an effort to find value-added solutions is of utmost importance. For the first time, green extraction (microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted-extraction (UAE)) were compared against conventional extraction (with (CET) and without temperature (CE)) to select the most efficient process to produce a natural antioxidant extract from non-compliant BE. The results showed that MAE and CET are good methodologies for developing a BE antioxidant extract. However, MAE is more sustainable than CET, requiring less time to reach high temperatures. The MAE-extract showed great antioxidant activity (14.80 ± 0.70 mg TE/g DE by ORAC, 3.92 ± 0.25 mg AAE/g DE by ABTS, and 5.11 ± 0.13 mg TE/g DE by DPPH). This extract revealed high amount of chlorogenic acid (0.48 ± 0.07 mg/g DE), (−)-epicatechin (0.30 ± 0.02 mg/g DE) and phloridzin (0.13 ± 0.01 mg/g DE). This study shows that non-compliant BE is a useful source of antioxidants, being a sustainable way for the recovery of value-added compounds from the rejected fruit in line with sustainable and circular bioeconomy principles.

Characterization of a flavonol-rich antioxidant fraction from Spondias purpurea L. pulp and the effect of its incorporation on cellulose acetate-based film.

Active packaging containing natural flavonoid has recently emerged as a result of its potential to inhibit the oxidation of foods by interacting with it and/or its surrounding environment, with the aim of counteracting oxidation reactions and extending the shelf-life of foods. The plant Spondias purpurea L. is widely found in northeastern Brazil and is known to contain bioactive flavonoids. The present study aimed to obtain a flavonoid-rich fraction from the pulp of S. purpurea L. and incorporate it into the cellulose acetate film to obtain biodegradable films with antioxidant properties. The fractionation in SiO2 open-column chromatography of the S. purpurea pulp crude extract furnished an antioxidant active fraction containing the flavonols quercetin 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside as the major compounds. This active fraction was incorporated (10, 20 and 30 g kg-1 ) into the substance produced with the casting method for cellulose acetate films. The films produced were characterized concerning mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and antioxidant activity. The incorporation of the active flavonoid fraction from S. purpurea in the cellulose acetate films decreases WVP and elongation at break, at the same time as increasing antioxidant activity, tensile strength and elastic modulus. Thus, the S. purpurea pulps may be an alternative as a source of antioxidants for use in cellulose acetate films. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts

The objective of this study was to analyze hexane extract (HE), 75% v / v ethanol extract (EE), and water extract (WE) of rusa deer velvet antlers, obtained through a three-solvent sequential extraction, for determining their chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, element concentrations, and microbial contamination. In TLC, FTIR, 1H NMR, and HPLC analysis, HE and EE showed the presence of oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and testosterone. EE showed the highest concentration of testosterone and the strongest antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays. In addition, the concentration of testosterone in EE was higher than in sika deer and red deer velvet antler extracts found in other studies. All extracts were composed of essential elements and had levels of toxic elements and microbial contaminants lower than the acceptable criteria set by ASEAN guidelines. Thus, EE was considered to be a safe and useful source of antioxidants and testosterone.

Comparative Assessment of Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Plants Peels Belongs to Rutaceae Family Using Different Extraction Techniques

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of three plants peels of Rutaceae family. The extraction was done by individual cold percolation (Petroleum ether, acetone, methanol, aqueous), Infusion, maceration (methanolic & ethanolic), decoction, ultrasonication and microwave assistant extraction methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using antioxidant assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. Total phenol and flavonoid content was also measured. The varied level of radical scavenging activity was observed in different extracts. This suggests that significantly influences the choice of solvent and methods for extraction. This study demonstrated that peels of all plants, could serve as good source of antioxidants for use in the preparation of dietary supplements or nutraceuticals, food ingredients, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Lipid Peroxidation Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Caralluma tuberculata, Root and Aerial Parts

Background: Medicinal plants are considered as a useful source of antioxidants against diseases due to reducing free radicals. Caralluma tuberculata is one of such sources utilized by Iranian population as a traditional herbal medicine. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of C. tuberculata root hydroalcoholic extract (CRE) and aerial parts hydroalcoholic extract (CAE). Methods: Antioxidant properties were assessed using DPPH (1,1-dipheny l,2-picryl hydrazyl), superoxide anion (O2˙ˉ), nitric oxide (NO), ferric reducing antioxidant power, and anti-lipid peroxidation methods. TPC (mg pyrogallol/g extract) and TFC (mg quercetin/g extract) were measured by colorimetric methods. Results: The findings showed that both CAE and CRE were rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. TPC (40.12 ± 1.2) and TFC (20.22 ± 0.62) were higher in CAE compared to CRE (TPC = 25.01 ± 0.85, TFC = 15.11 ± 0.71). Likewise, both CAE and CRE showed significant scavenging effects on DPPH, O2˙ˉ, and NO radicals and the effects of CAE was more potent (P < 0.05) compared to that of CRE. Also, plant extracts significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CAE exhibited a more potent ferric reducing activity compared to CRE (510.21 ± 8.2 vs. 450.2 ± 9.3 μM Fe+2/g extract, respectively) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the study findings, both CAE and CRE could be considered as potential sources of antioxidants and CAE was more effective than CRE.

TRABZON HURMASI (DIOSPYROS KAKI L.) MEYVELERİNDEKİ A VİTAMİNİ, E VİTAMİNİ, C VİTAMİNİ, BETA-KAROTEN, LİKOPEN, GRELİN, GLUTATYON VE MDA MİKTARLARI

In this study, the amounts of vitamins A, E, C, β-carotene, lycopene, ghrelin, reduced and oxidized form of glutathione (GSH, GSSG) with malondialdehyde (MDA) in ripe fruits of Diospyros kaki L. plant were determined by using HPLC. The amount of vitamins A, E, C, β-carotene, lycopene, ghrelin, GSH, GSSG and MDA in Diospyros kaki L. plant were found to be 0.40±0.06 – 0.92±0.08; 0.63±0.09 - 1.34±0.14; 47.00±0.80 - 65.61±1.56; 2.08±0.18 - 3.36±0.30; 0.69±0.08 - 1.42±0.13; 2.14±0.65 - 7.98±1.06; 398.25±34.23 - 527.90±23.36; 23.67±8.89 - 42.43±4.81 and 5.63±0.35 - 7.28±0.42 µg/g, respectively. It can be said that Diospyros kaki L. plant fruits are a good source of vitamin C, lycopene, ghrelin and glutathione. Findings suggest that the fruit of this plant may be a useful source of antioxidants. Differences in the amount of parameters in the Diospyros kaki L. fruit are thought to be due to the growth medium, climate, and environmental conditions.

The Antioxidant Properties, Tyrosinase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Phenolic Compounds in Different Extracts from the Golden Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus citrinopileatus (Agaricomycetes).

In this study, phenolic compounds that graded prepared from Pleurotus citrinopileatus using different solvents were obtained. The total content of phenolic and flavonoid, the phenolic profiles, the antioxidant activities, the tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of different extracts were determined. The results showed the phenolic and flavonoid content in different extracts ranging from 0.188 to 2.677 mg GAE/g DW and 0.137 to 0.445 mg QE/g DW, respectively. Six phenolic compounds were identified in different extracts by HPLC and the content range from 0.48 to 5778.59 μg/g DW. The water extracts showed strong scavenging activity of radicals and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, whereas acetone extracts showed obvious reducing power and high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These findings confirm that the P. citrinopileatus mushroom is a potential natural source of antioxidants for use in food and medicine industries along with their possible applications in ant-melanin and antidiabetic applications.

Optimization of extraction yield, flavonoids and lycopene from tomato pulp by high hydrostatic pressure-assisted extraction.

Tomato pulp is a useful source of antioxidants, which can be extracted by high hydrostatic pressure (HHPE). This study aimed to optimize the individual and interactive effect of operating high pressure and solvent polarity (solvent mixture) on yield extraction, flavonoid and lycopene content from tomato pulp (Solanum lycopersicum) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the selected factors (high pressure and solvent mixture) have a significant influence on extraction yield, flavonoid and lycopene content. Extraction at 450 MPa and 60% hexane concentration in the solvent mixture was considered the optimal HHPE condition since it provided the maximum extraction yield (8.71%), flavonoid (21.52 ± 0.09 mg QE/g FW) and lycopene content (2.01 ± 0.09 mg QE/100 g FW). Therefore, HHPE could be a useful tool improve the extraction and release of potentially health-related compounds while providing information on the cumulative effect of solvent polarity and high-pressure extraction on antioxidant compounds of fruits.

Właściwości antyoksydacyjne papryki ostrej odmiany Hungarian yellow

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Antyoksydanty zawarte w niektórych owocach i warzywach chronią organizm przed stresem oksydacyjnym, który odgrywa główną rolę w patogenezie starzenia oraz chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego, nowotworowych i neurodegeneracyjnych. Papryka jest ważnym warzywem, wykorzystywanym przede wszystkim jako potrawa, ale także jako przyprawa. Świeże owoce są cennym źródłem witaminy C i A, makro- i mikroelementów, karotenoidów oraz polifenoli.Celem pracy była ocena aktywności antyoksydacyjnej oraz zawartości barwników asymilacyjnych alkoholowych i wodnych wyciągów z owoców papryki ostrej.Materiały i metody: Materiał roślinny stanowiły świeże okrywy nasienne papryki ostrej odmiany Hungarian yellow wraz z nasionami. Wyciągi sporządzono metodą ekstrakcji wspomaganej ultradźwiękami przez okres 15, 30 i 60 min, przy czym rozpuszczalnikami były alkohole metylowy, etylowy i izopropylowy oraz woda. Aktywność antyoksydacyjną mierzono metodą z użyciem odczynnika 2,2-difenylo-1-pikrylohydrazylu (DPPH) oraz metodą oznaczania zdolności redukowania jonów żelaza (FRAP), zaś zawartość barwników asymilacyjnych metodą Arnona.Wyniki: Świeże owoce papryki charakteryzowały się zawartością barwników asymilacyjnych, takich jak chlorofil a, b oraz karotenoidy, przy czym stwierdzono nieco większą ilość karotenoidów w porównaniu z chlorofilem całkowitym (a+b). Wyciągi z materiału roślinnego miały aktywność antyoksydacyjną. Najwyższe wartości, mierzone metodą DPPH, stwierdzono dla prób ekstrahowanych stężonym metanolem przez 60 min. W przypadku metody FRAP najwyższym potencjałem antyoksydacyjnym charakteryzowały się wszystkie ekstrakty sporządzone w alkoholu izopropylowym.Wnioski: Ekstrakty ze świeżych owoców papryki wykazują aktywność antyoksydacyjną oraz zawierają barwniki asymilacyjne, dlatego mogą być użyteczne jako surowce antyoksydacyjne w preparatach kosmetycznych i farmaceutycznych.

Wild Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L., Ericaceae) from Montenegro as a Source of Antioxidants for Use in the Production of Nutraceuticals.

The aim of this study was to establish correlation of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bilberry plants from Montenegro. Total phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, procyanidin and anthocyanin contents were determined in fruits and leaves extracts using spectrophotometric methods, while the measurements of metal content was carried out in an Inductively Coupled Atomic Emission Spectrometer. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of major phenolics were achieved by HPLC. In the investigated extracts, the most abundant phenolic was chlorogenic acid, followed by protocatechuic acid, while resveratrol, isoquercetin, quecetin and hyperoside were also present in significant quantities. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using two in vitro assays—FRAP and DPPH—being in the accordance with the cyclic voltammetry tests, performed as well. The results revealed that all the investigated extracts were rich in phenolic and essential mineral constituents, with significant antioxidant activity, depending on the polyphenolic and mineral contents, which was confirmed by principal component analysis.

Essential oils (EOs), pressurized liquid extracts (PLE) and carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extracts (SFE-CO2) from Algerian Thymus munbyanus as valuable sources of antioxidants to be used on an industrial level

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential of extracts from Algerian Thymus munbyanus as a valuable source of antioxidants for use on an industrial level. To this end, a study was conducted on the composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils (EOs), pressurized liquid extracts (PLE) and supercritical fluid extracts (SFE-CO2) obtained from Thymus munbyanus subsp. coloratus (TMC) and subsp. munbyanus (TMM). EOs and SFE-CO2 extracts were analysed by GC-FID and GC×GC-TOFMS revealing significant differences. A successive extraction of the solid SFE-CO2 residue by PLE extraction with solvents of increasing polarity such as acetone, ethanol and water, was carried out. The extracts were evaluated for total phenolic content by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, while the antioxidant power was assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays. SFE-CO2 extracts were also analysed for their tocopherol content. The antioxidant activity of PLE extracts was found to be higher than that of SFE-CO2 extracts, and this increased with solvent polarity (water > ethanol > acetone). Overall, these results support the use of T. munbyanus as a valuable source of substances to be used on an industrial level as preservative agents.

Thermal properties of tannin extracted from Anacardium occidentale L. using TGA and FT-IR spectroscopy

The chemical nature of the polyphenols of cashew kernel testa has been determined. Testa contains tannins, which present large molecular complexity and has an ancient use as tanning agents. The use of tannins extracted from cashew testa, considered in many places as a waste, grants an extra value to the cashew. In this work we have analysed through high performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermo gravimetric analysis the average molecular weight, main functional groups and thermal properties of tannins extracted from Anacardium occidentale L. The results of these analyses are compared with the commercial grade tannic acid. The FT-IR spectra showed bands characteristic of C = C, C–C and OH bonds. This important bioactive compound present in the cashew nut kernel testa was suggested as an interesting economical source of antioxidants for use in the food and nutraceutical industry.

Antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activity and phenolic content in peel from three tropical fruits from Yucatan, Mexico

The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activity and content of individual phenolic compounds of freeze-dried peel from three tropical fruits grown in Yucatan, México: purple star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.), yellow cashew and red cashew (Anacardium occidentale). The freeze-dried peels were good source of antioxidant compounds. ABTS and DPPH values in the peel from each fruit were 3050.95–3322.31μM Trolox/100g dry weight (DW) or 890.19–970.01mg of vitamin C/100gDW, and 1579.04–1680.90μM Trolox/100gDW or 340.18–362.18mg of vitamin C/100gDW, respectively. Six phenolic compounds were identified in the peel from the tropical fruits studied: ferulic, caffeic, sinapic, gallic, ellagic and myricetin. This study demonstrated that freeze-dried peels from purple star apple, yellow cashew and red cashew, could serve as potential sources of antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Artemisinin concentration and antioxidant capacity of Artemisia annua distillation byproduct

Artemisia annua is mostly known as the source of artemisinin, the raw material for the production of artemisinin-based combination therapy, used against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum where malaria is endemic. Artemisinin is also effective against helminthic and protozoan parasites that afflict both humans and livestock. Besides being the only commercial source of artemisinin, the plant contains a pleasantly aromatic essential oil valued in perfumery and cosmetics. However, multi-use of the leaf biomass for the production of artemisinin, essential oil, and antioxidants has never been investigated. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of distillation time of A. annua biomass on essential oil yield, artemisinin concentration, and antioxidant capacity of the plant residue from distillation (PRD). Results demonstrated that leaf biomass can be explored for both essential oil and as a source of antioxidants, but the PRD is devoid of artemisinin. The high antioxidant capacity of the PRD (75% of the control samples) suggests that the industrial byproduct used to produce the essential oil is also a potential source of antioxidants for use as a livestock feed supplement or as a source of compounds for the nutraceuticals market.

Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from six important fruit residues

The extracts from kinnow peel, kinnow seeds, litchi pericarp, litchi seeds, grape seeds, and banana peel were screened for total phenolic content (TPC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, as well as reducing power. Kinnow peel extract exhibited the highest reducing power, TEAC, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, whereas, the phenolic content of 37.4mg GAE/g-dw was highest for grape seed extract. Banana peel extract with a low TPC showed the lowest reducing power, TEAC as well as DPPH free radical scavenging activity among the fruit residue extracts examined in the present study. Correlation analysis between the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability; reducing power and ABTS radical scavenging activity; and ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging abilities showed a high degree of correlation (r2=0.85–0.91). However, r2 of 0.36, 0.66, and 0.49 between TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity; TPC and reducing power; and TPC and ABTS radical scavenging ability, respectively, indicated that some non-phenolic compounds also contributed to the total antioxidant activity in fruit residue extracts examined in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper presenting comprehensive data on TPC, reducing power, and antioxidant activity for the six fruit residues. This study demonstrated that kinnow peel, litchi pericarp, litchi seeds, and grape seeds, can serve as potential sources of antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceutical industry.

Exploring Equisetum arvense L., Equisetum ramosissimum L. and Equisetum telmateia L. as sources of natural antioxidants

The antioxidant and scavenging activities of above ground parts of Equisetum arvense L., Equisetum ramosissimum L. and Equisetum telmateia L. phosphate buffer (pH 7) extracts were investigated. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase), quantities of reduced glutathione, malonyldialdehyde, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and flavonoid, soluble protein, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents were determined. The total antioxidant capacity was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The Equisetum telmateia extract demonstrated scavenging and antioxidant properties better than Equisetum ramosissimum and Equisetum arvense. The ESR signal of DMPO-OH radical adducts in the presence of Equisetum telmateia phosphate buffer (pH 7) extract was reduced by 98.9% indicating that Equisetum telmateia could be a useful source of antioxidants with huge scavenging ability.

Free radical scavenging activity of three Equisetum species from Fruška gora mountain

The scavenger activities of Equisetum arvense, Equisetum ramosissimum and Equisetum telmateia aboveground parts phosphate buffer (pH 7) extracts were evaluated using three different methods: DPPH assay, ESR and NO radical inhibition assay. Total reducing power was determined by FRAP assay. The E. telmateia extract demonstrated the most relevant scavenger and antioxidant properties. ESR signal of DMPO-OH radical adducts in the presence of E. telmateia phosphate buffer (pH 7) extract was reduced to 98.9% which indicated that E. telmateia could be a useful source of antioxidants with huge scavenger ability.

Peanut skin procyanidins: Composition and antioxidant activities as affected by processing

Peanut skin was removed by direct peeling, blanching, and roasting. Total phenolics (TPs), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and free radical scavenging capacity of peanut skin extracts were determined. The composition of ethanolic extracts of peanut skin obtained from each processing method was determined by LC-MS and HPLC. Peanut skin processing methods significantly affected total extractable phenolics and their composition. Roasting had limited effects on concentration of TPs while blanching caused 89% loss of TPs. TPs in directly peeled, roasted, and blanched peanut skins were 130, 124, and 14.4 mg/g dry skin, respectively. Catechins, A-type and B-type procyanidin dimers, trimers and tetramers in chemically purified peanut skin extracts were identified by LC-MS. Total catechins, procyanidin dimers, trimers and tetramers in directly peeled peanut skin were 16.1, 111.3, 221.3 and 296.1 mg/100 g, respectively, versus 8.8, 143.5, 157.5 and 203.9 mg/100 g, respectively, in roasted dry skin. TAAs and free radical scavenging capacities of peanut skin extracts were all higher than those of Trolox and Vitamin C at equivalent concentration. Peanut skin, a by-product of the peanut processing industry, was found to contain potent antioxidants and could provide an inexpensive source of antioxidants for use as functional ingredients in foods or dietary supplements.